川贝母

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物川贝母Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don、暗紫贝母Fritilaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia、甘肃贝母Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim.、梭砂贝母Fritillaria delavayi Franch.、太白贝母Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li或瓦布贝母Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsiavar. wabuensis（S. Y. Tanget S. C. Yue）Z. D. Liu，S. Wang et S. C. Chen的干燥鳞茎。按性状不同分别习称“松贝”、“青贝”、“炉贝”和“栽培品”。夏、秋二季或积雪融化后采挖，除去须根、粗皮及泥沙，晒干或低温干燥。
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is the dried bulb of Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don, Fritilaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia, Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim., Fritillaria delavayi Franch., Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li or Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsiavar. wabuensis（S. Y. Tanget S. C. Yue）Z. D. Liu, S. Wang et S. C. Chen (Fam. Liliaceae). According to different characteristics, they are respectively called "Songbei", "Qingbei", "Lubei" and "Zaipin". They are collected in summer and autumn or after the snow melts, removed from root hairs, coarse skin and mud, and dried in the sun or at low temperature.

性状 Description

松贝 Songbei

呈类圆锥形或近球形，高0.3～0.8 cm，直径0.3～0.9 cm。表面类白色。外层鳞叶2瓣，大小悬殊，大瓣紧抱小瓣，未抱部分呈新月形，习称“怀中抱月”；顶部闭合，内有类圆柱形、顶端稍尖的心芽和小鳞叶1～2枚；先端钝圆或稍尖，底部平，微凹入，中心有1灰褐色的鳞茎盘，偶有残存须根。质硬而脆，断面白色，富粉性。气微，味微苦。
It is conical or nearly spherical, 0.3-0.8 cm high, 0.3-0.9 cm in diameter. The surface is whitish. The outer scales are 2, with a large scale tightly embracing a small scale. The unembraced part is crescent-shaped, commonly known as "embracing the moon in the arms". The top is closed, with a cylindrical heart bud and 1-2 small scales at the top, slightly pointed; the apex is blunt or slightly pointed, the base is flat, slightly concave, and there is a grayish-brown bulb disc in the center, occasionally with residual root hairs. The texture is hard and brittle, the section is white, and it is rich in powder. The odor is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter.

青贝 Qingbei

呈类扁球形，高0.4～1.4 cm，直径0.4～1.6 cm。外层鳞叶2瓣，大小相近，相对抱合，顶部开裂，内有心芽和小鳞叶2～3枚及细圆柱形的残茎。
It is flattened spherical, 0.4-1.4 cm high, 0.4-1.6 cm in diameter. The outer scales are 2, similar in size, relatively embracing, and the top is cracked. There are 2-3 heart buds, small scales, and slender cylindrical residual stems inside.

炉贝 Lubei

呈长圆锥形，高0.7～2.5 cm，直径0.5～2.5 cm。表面类白色或浅棕黄色，有的具棕色斑点。外层鳞叶2瓣，大小相近，顶部开裂而略尖，基部稍尖或较钝。
It is long conical, 0.7-2.5 cm high, 0.5-2.5 cm in diameter. The surface is whitish or light brownish-yellow, and some have brown spots. The outer scales are 2, similar in size, slightly pointed at the top after cracking, and slightly pointed or blunt at the base.

栽培品 Zaipin

呈类扁球形或短圆柱形，高0.5～2 cm，直径1～2.5 cm。表面类白色或浅棕黄色，稍粗糙，有的具浅黄色斑点。外层鳞叶2瓣，大小相近，顶部多开裂而较平。
It is flattened spherical or short cylindrical, 0.5-2 cm high, 1-2.5 cm in diameter. The surface is whitish or light brownish-yellow, slightly rough, and some have light yellow spots. The outer scales are 2, similar in size, and the top is cracked and relatively flat.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末类白色或浅黄色。
The powder of this product is whitish or light yellow.

松贝、青贝及栽培品 淀粉粒甚多，广卵形、长圆形或不规则圆形，有的边缘不平整或略作分枝状，直径5～64 μm，脐点短缝状、点状、人字状或马蹄状，层纹隐约可见。表皮细胞类长方形，垂周壁微波状弯曲，偶见不定式气孔，圆形或扁圆形。螺纹导管直径5～26 μm。
Songbei, Qingbei and Zaipin have many starch grains, which are broadly ovoid, elongated or irregularly round, with a diameter of 5-64 μm. The hilum is short and slit-like, punctate, herringbone-shaped or horseshoe-shaped, and the layer pattern is vaguely visible. The epidermal cells are rectangular, with slightly wavy walls, and occasionally anomocytic stomata, which are round or elliptical. The diameter of spiral vessels is 5-26 μm.

炉贝 淀粉粒广卵形、贝壳形、肾形或椭圆形，直径约至60 μm，脐点人字状、星状或点状，层纹明显。螺纹导管和网纹导管直径可达64 μm。
Lubei has starch grains that are broadly ovoid, shell-shaped, kidney-shaped or elliptical, with a diameter of about 60 μm. The hilum is herringbone-shaped, star-shaped or punctate, and the layer pattern is obvious. The diameter of spiral vessels and reticulate vessels can reach 64 μm.

（2） 取本品粉末10 g，加浓氨试液10 ml，密塞，浸泡1小时，加二氯甲烷40 ml，超声处理1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇0.5 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取贝母素乙对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含1 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液1～6 μl、对照品溶液2 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-浓氨试液-水（18∶2∶1∶0.1）为展开剂，展开，取岀，晾干，依次喷以稀碘化铋钾试液和亚硝酸钠乙醇试液。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 10 g of the powder, add 10 ml of concentrated ammonia test solution, seal tightly, soak for 1 hour, add 40 ml of dichloromethane, ultrasonicate for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 0.5 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take berberine hydrochloride CRS, add methanol to make a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate-methanol-concentrated ammonia test solution-water (18:2:1:0.1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1-6 μl of the test solution and 2 μl of the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray successively with a solution of potassium bismuth iodide and a solution of sodium nitrite in ethanol. The chromatogram obtained with the test solution shows spots of the same colour at the corresponding positions to those in the chromatogram obtained with the refere nce solution.

（3）聚合酶链式反应-限制性内切酶长度多态性方法。
(3) Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

模板DNA提取 取本品0.1 g，依次用75%乙醇1 ml、灭菌超纯水1 ml清洗，吸干表面水分，置乳钵中研磨成极细粉。取20 mg，置1.5 ml离心管中，用新型广谱植物基因组DNA快速提取试剂盒提取DNA［加入缓冲液AP1 400 μl和RNA酶溶液（10 mg/ml）4 μl，涡漩振荡，65℃水浴加热10分钟，加入缓冲液AP2 130 μl，充分混匀，冰浴冷却5分钟，离心（转速为每分钟14000转）10分钟；吸取上清液转移入另一离心管中，加入1.5倍体积的缓冲液AP3/E，混匀，加到吸附柱上，离心（转速为每分钟13000转）1分钟，弃去过滤液，加入漂洗液700 μl，离心（转速为每分钟12000转）30秒，弃去过滤液；再加入漂洗液500 μl，离心（转速为每分钟12000转）30秒，弃去过滤液；再离心（转速为每分钟13000转）2分钟，取出吸附柱，放入另一离心管中，加入50 μl洗脱缓冲液，室温放置3～5分钟，离心（转速为每分钟12000转）1分钟，将洗脱液再加入吸附柱中，室温放置2分钟，离心（转速为每分钟12000转）1分钟］，取洗脱液，作为供试品溶液，置4℃冰箱中备用。另取川贝母对照药材0.1 g，同法制成对照药材模板DNA溶液。
Template DNA extraction: Take 0.1 g of the sample, wash with 1 ml of 75% ethanol and 1 ml of sterile ultrapure water successively, absorb the surface moisture, grind it into fine powder in a mortar. Take 20 mg, place it in a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube, and extract DNA with a new broad-spectrum plant genomic DNA rapid extraction kit [add 400 μl of buffer AP1 and 4 μl of RNA enzyme solution (10 mg/ml), vortex oscillation, heat in a 65°C water bath for 10 minutes, add 130 μl of buffer AP2, mix well, cool in an ice bath for 5 minutes, centrifuge (at a speed of 14,000 rpm) for 10 minutes; absorb the supernatant and transfer it to another centrifuge tube, add 1.5 times the volume of buffer AP3/E, mix well, add it to the adsorption column, centrifuge (at a speed of 13,000 rpm) for 1 minute, discard the filtrate, add 700 μl of washing solution, centrifuge (at a speed of 12,000 rpm) for 30 seconds, discard the filtrate; add 500 μl of washing solution, centrifuge (at a speed of 12,000 rpm) for 30 seconds, discard the filtrate; centrifuge again (at a speed of 13,000 rpm) for 2 minutes, take out the adsorption column, put it in another centrifuge tube, add 50 μl of elution buffer, leave it at room temperature for 3-5 minutes, centrifuge (at a speed of 12,000 rpm) for 1 minute, add the eluate to the adsorption column again, leave it at room temperature for 2 minutes, centrifuge (at a speed of 12,000 rpm) for 1 minute], take the eluate as the test solution, and store it in a refrigerator at 4°C. Take 0.1 g of the reference drug Chuanbeimu, and prepare the template DNA solution of the reference drug in the same way.

PCR-RFLP反应 鉴别引物：5'CGTAACAAGGTTT-CCGTAGGTGAA3'和5'GCTACGTTCTTCATCGAT3'。PCR反应体系：在200 μl离心管中进行，反应总体积为30 μl，反应体系包括10×PCR缓冲液3 μl，二氯化镁（25 mmol/L）2.4 μl，dNTP（10 mmol/L）0.6μl，鉴别引物（30 μmol/L）各0.5 μl，高保真Taq DAN聚合酶（5 U/μl)0.2 μl，模板1 μl，无菌超纯水21.8 μl。将离心管置PCR仪，PCR反应参数：95℃预变性4分钟，循环反应30次（95℃30秒，55～58℃30秒，72℃30秒），72℃延伸5分钟。取PCR反应液，置500 μl离心管中，进行酶切反应，反应总体积为20 μl，反应体系包括10×酶切缓冲液2 μl，PCR反应液6 μl，Sma I（10 U/μl）0.5 μl，无菌超纯水11.5 μl，酶切反应在30℃水浴反应2小时。另取无菌超纯水，同法上述PCR-RFLP反应操作，作为空白对照。
PCR-RFLP reaction: Identification primers: 5'CGTAACAAGGTTT-CCGTAGGTGAA3' and 5'GCTACGTTCTTCATCGAT3'. PCR reaction system: carried out in a 200 μl centrifuge tube, with a total reaction volume of 30 μl, including 3 μl of 10×PCR buffer, 2.4 μl of magnesium chloride (25 mmol/L), 0.6 μl of dNTP (10 mmol/L), 0.5 μl of identification primers (30 μmol/L) each, 0.2 μl of high-fidelity Taq DNA polymerase (5 U/μl), 1 μl of template, and 21.8 μl of sterile ultrapure water. Place the centrifuge tube in a PCR instrument, and the PCR reaction parameters are: pre-denaturation at 95°C for 4 minutes, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 30 seconds, annealing at 55-58°C for 30 seconds, and extension at 72°C for 30 seconds, with a final extension at 72°C for 5 minutes. Take the PCR reaction solution and place it in a 500 μl centrifuge tube for enzyme digestion. The total reaction volume is 20 μl, including 2 μl of 10×enzyme digestion buffer, 6 μl of PCR reaction solution, 0.5 μl of Sma I (10U/μl), 11.5 μl of sterile ultrapure water. The enzyme digestion reaction is carried out in a 30°C water bath for 2 hours. Take sterile ultrapure water and perform the same PCR-RFLP reaction operation as described above as a blank control.

电泳检测 照琼脂糖凝胶电泳法（通则0541），胶浓度为1.5%，胶中加入核酸凝胶染色剂GelRed；供试品与对照药材酶切反应溶液的上样量分别为8 μl，DNA分子量标记上样量为1 μl（0.5 μg/μl）。电泳结束后，取凝胶片在凝胶成像仪上或紫外透射仪上检视。供试品凝胶电泳图谱中，在与对照药材凝胶电泳图谱相应的位置上，在100～250 bp应有两条DNA条带，空白对照无条带。
Electrophoresis detection: According to the method of agarose gel electrophoresis<0541>, the gel concentration is 1.5%, and the nucleic acid gel stain GelRed is added to the gel. The amount of the test solution and the enzyme digestion solution of the reference drug for loading is 8 μl each, and the amount of DNA molecular weight marker for loading is 1 μl (0.5 μg/μl). After the electrophoresis is completed, take out the gel film and check it on a gel imager or a UV transilluminator. In the gel electrophoresis profile of the test solution, at the corresponding positions to those in the gel electrophoresis profile of the reference drug, there should be two DNA bands at 100-250 bp, and there should be no bands in the blank control.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于9.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 9.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取西贝母碱对照品适量，精密称定，加三氯甲烷制成每1 ml含0.2 mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of reference substance of Beimu Alkaloid, accurately weigh, add chloroform to make a solution containing 0.2 mg per 1 ml.

标准曲线的制备 Preparation of standard curves

精密量取对照品溶液0.1 ml、0.2 ml、0.4 ml、0.6 ml、1.0 ml，置25 ml具塞试管中，分别补加三氯甲烷至10.0 ml，精密加水5 ml、再精密加0.05%溴甲酚绿缓冲液（取溴甲酚绿0.05 g，用0.2 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液6 ml使溶解，加磷酸二氢钾1 g，加水使溶解并稀释至100 ml，即得）2 ml，密塞，剧烈振摇1分钟，转移至分液漏斗中，放置30分钟。取三氯甲烷液，用干燥滤纸滤过，取续滤液，以相应的试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401），在415 nm的波长处测定吸光度，以吸光度为纵坐标，浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线。
Accurately take 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, 0.4 ml, 0.6 ml, and 1.0 ml of the reference solution, place them in a 25 ml stoppered test tube, add chloroform to 10.0 ml respectively, accurately add 5 ml of water, and then accurately add 2 ml of 0.05% bromothymol blue buffer solution (dissolve 0.05 g of bromothymol blue in 6 ml of 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, add 1 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dissolve in water and dilute to 100 ml), seal tightly, shake vigorously for 1 minute, transfer to a separating funnel, and let stand for 30 minutes. Take the chloroform solution, filter it through a dry filter paper, take the filtrate, use the corresponding reagent as a blank, and determine the absorbance at a wavelength of 415 nm by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry <0401>. Plot the standard curve with absorbance as the ordinate and concentration as the abscissa.

测定法 Assay method

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约2 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，加浓氨试液3 ml，浸润1小时，加三氯甲烷-甲醇（4∶1）混合溶液40 ml，置80℃水浴加热回流2小时，放冷，滤过，滤液置50 ml量瓶中，用适量三氯甲烷-甲醇（4∶1）混合溶液洗涤药渣2～3次，洗液并入同一量瓶中，加三氯甲烷-甲醇（4∶1）混合溶液至刻度，摇匀。精密量取2～5 ml，置25 ml具塞试管中，水浴上蒸干，精密加入三氯甲烷10 ml使溶解，照标准曲线的制备项下的方法，自“精密加水5 ml”起，依法测定吸光度，从标准曲线上读出供试品溶液中西贝母碱的重量（mg），计算，即得。
Determination method Take about 2 g of this product powder (through the third sieve), weighed accurately, placed in a stoppered conical flask, add 3 ml of concentrated ammonia test solution, moistened for 1 hour, add 40 ml of trichloromethane-methanol (4:1) mixture, placed in a water bath at 80 ℃ and refluxed with heat for 2 hours, cooled, filtered, and filtrate, filtrate placed in a 50 ml measuring flask, with the appropriate amount of trichloromethane-methanol (4:1) mixture of solution washed the dregs of the medicine for 2-3 times, the washings And into the same measuring flask, add trichloromethane-methanol (4:1) mixed solution to the scale, shake well. Measure 2~5 ml precisely, put it in 25 ml stoppered test tube, evaporate on water bath, add 10 ml of trichloromethane precisely to make it dissolve, according to the method under the preparation of the standard curve, from "adding 5 ml of water precisely", determine the absorbance according to the law, and read out the weight of sibirubinine in the test soluti on (mg) from the standard curve, calculate and obtain the results. It is obtained.

本品按干燥品计算，含总生物碱以西贝母碱（C27H43NO3）计，不得少于0.050%。
This product shall not contain less than 0.050% of total alkaloids in terms of cephaleine (C27H43NO3) when calculated as a dried product.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦、甘。
Bitter, sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、心经。
Belongs to the lung and heart meridians.

功能 Actions

清热润肺，化痰止咳，散结消痈。
Clears heat and moistens the lungs, transforms phlegm and stops coughing, disperses nodules and dissipates abscesses.

主治 Indications

用于肺热燥咳，干咳少痰，阴虚劳嗽，痰中带血，瘰疬，乳痈，肺痈。
Used for lung heat with dry cough, dry cough with little phlegm, yin deficiency cough, bloody phlegm, scrofula, breast abscess, and lung abscess.

用量 Dosage

3～10 g；
3-10 g;

用法 Administration

研粉冲服，一次1～2 g。
grind into powder and take orally, 1-2 g each time.

注意 Precautions

不宜与川乌、制川乌、草乌、制草乌、附子同用。
Should not be used together with Chuanwu, Zhichuanwu, Caowu, Zhicaowu, and Fuzi.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.

川贝母

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物川贝母Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don、暗紫贝母Fritilaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia、甘肃贝母Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim.、梭砂贝母Fritillaria delavayi Franch.、太白贝母Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li或瓦布贝母Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsiavar. wabuensis（S. Y. Tanget S. C. Yue）Z. D. Liu，S. Wang et S. C. Chen的干燥鳞茎。按性状不同分别习称“松贝”、“青贝”、“炉贝”和“栽培品”。夏、秋二季或积雪融化后采挖，除去须根、粗皮及泥沙，晒干或低温干燥。
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is the dried bulb of Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don, Fritilaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia, Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim., Fritillaria delavayi Franch., Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li or Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsiavar. wabuensis（S. Y. Tanget S. C. Yue）Z. D. Liu, S. Wang et S. C. Chen (Fam. Liliaceae). According to different characteristics, they are respectively called "Songbei", "Qingbei", "Lubei" and "Zaipin". They are collected in summer and autumn or after the snow melts, removed from root hairs, coarse skin and mud, and dried in the sun or at low temperature.

性状 Description

松贝 呈类圆锥形或近球形，高0.3～0.8cm，直径0.3～0.9cm。表面类白色。外层鳞叶2瓣，大小悬殊，大瓣紧抱小瓣，未抱部分呈新月形，习称“怀中抱月”；顶部闭合，内有类圆柱形、顶端稍尖的心芽和小鳞叶1～2枚；先端钝圆或稍尖，底部平，微凹入，中心有1灰褐色的鳞茎盘，偶有残存须根。质硬而脆，断面白色，富粉性。气微，味微苦。
Songbei is conical or nearly spherical, 0.3-0.8 cm high, 0.3-0.9 cm in diameter. The surface is whitish. The outer scales are 2, with a large scale tightly embracing a small scale. The unembraced part is crescent-shaped, commonly known as "embracing the moon in the arms". The top is closed, with a cylindrical heart bud and 1-2 small scales at the top, slightly pointed; the apex is blunt or slightly pointed, the base is flat, slightly concave, and there is a grayish-brown bulb disc in the center, occasionally with residual root hairs. The texture is hard and brittle, the section is white, and it is rich in powder. The odor is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter.

青贝 呈类扁球形，高0.4～1.4cm，直径0.4～1.6cm。外层鳞叶2瓣，大小相近，相对抱合，顶部开裂，内有心芽和小鳞叶2～3枚及细圆柱形的残茎。
Qingbei is flattened spherical, 0.4-1.4 cm high, 0.4-1.6 cm in diameter. The outer scales are 2, similar in size, relatively embracing, and the top is cracked. There are 2-3 heart buds, small scales, and slender cylindrical residual stems inside.

炉贝 呈长圆锥形，高0.7～2.5cm，直径0.5～2.5cm。表面类白色或浅棕黄色，有的具棕色斑点。外层鳞叶2瓣，大小相近，顶部开裂而略尖，基部稍尖或较钝。
Lubei is long conical, 0.7-2.5 cm high, 0.5-2.5 cm in diameter. The surface is whitish or light brownish-yellow, and some have brown spots. The outer scales are 2, similar in size, slightly pointed at the top after cracking, and slightly pointed or blunt at the base.

栽培品 呈类扁球形或短圆柱形，高0.5～2cm，直径1～2.5cm。表面类白色或浅棕黄色，稍粗糙，有的具浅黄色斑点。外层鳞叶2瓣，大小相近，顶部多开裂而较平。
Zaipin is flattened spherical or short cylindrical, 0.5-2 cm high, 1-2.5 cm in diameter. The surface is whitish or light brownish-yellow, slightly rough, and some have light yellow spots. The outer scales are 2, similar in size, and the top is cracked and relatively flat.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末类白色或浅黄色。
The powder of this product is whitish or light yellow.

松贝、青贝及栽培品 淀粉粒甚多，广卵形、长圆形或不规则圆形，有的边缘不平整或略作分枝状，直径5～64μm，脐点短缝状、点状、人字状或马蹄状，层纹隐约可见。表皮细胞类长方形，垂周壁微波状弯曲，偶见不定式气孔，圆形或扁圆形。螺纹导管直径5～26μm。
Songbei, Qingbei and Zaipin have many starch grains, which are broadly ovoid, elongated or irregularly round, with a diameter of 5-64μm. The hilum is short and slit-like, punctate, herringbone-shaped or horseshoe-shaped, and the layer pattern is vaguely visible. The epidermal cells are rectangular, with slightly wavy walls, and occasionally anomocytic stomata, which are round or elliptical. The diameter of spiral vessels is 5-26μm.

炉贝 淀粉粒广卵形、贝壳形、肾形或椭圆形，直径约至60μm，脐点人字状、星状或点状，层纹明显。螺纹导管和网纹导管直径可达64μm。
Lubei has starch grains that are broadly ovoid, shell-shaped, kidney-shaped or elliptical, with a diameter of about 60μm. The hilum is herringbone-shaped, star-shaped or punctate, and the layer pattern is obvious. The diameter of spiral vessels and reticulate vessels can reach 64μm.

（2） 取本品粉末10g，加浓氨试液10ml，密塞，浸泡1小时，加二氯甲烷40ml，超声处理1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取贝母素乙对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液1～6μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-浓氨试液-水（18∶2∶1∶0.1）为展开剂，展开，取岀，晾干，依次喷以稀碘化铋钾试液和亚硝酸钠乙醇试液。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 10g of the powder, add 10ml of concentrated ammonia test solution, seal tightly, soak for 1 hour, add 40ml of dichloromethane, ultrasonicate for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 0.5ml of methanol as the test solution. Take berberine hydrochloride CRS, add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate-methanol-concentrated ammonia test solution-water (18:2:1:0.1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1-6μl of the test solution and 2μl of the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray successively with a solution of potassium bismuth iodide and a solution of sodium nitrite in ethanol. The chromatogram obtained with the test solution shows spots of the same colour at the corresponding positions to those in the chromatogram obtained with the refere nce solution.

（3） 聚合酶链式反应-限制性内切酶长度多态性方法。
(3) Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

模板DNA提取 取本品0.1g，依次用75%乙醇1ml、灭菌超纯水1ml清洗，吸干表面水分，置乳钵中研磨成极细粉。取20mg，置1.5ml离心管中，用新型广谱植物基因组DNA快速提取试剂盒提取DNA［加入缓冲液AP1 400μl和RNA酶溶液（10mg/ml）4μl，涡漩振荡，65℃水浴加热10分钟，加入缓冲液AP2 130μl，充分混匀，冰浴冷却5分钟，离心（转速为每分钟14000转）10分钟；吸取上清液转移入另一离心管中，加入1.5倍体积的缓冲液AP3/E，混匀，加到吸附柱上，离心（转速为每分钟13000转）1分钟，弃去过滤液，加入漂洗液700μl，离心（转速为每分钟12000转）30秒，弃去过滤液；再加入漂洗液500μl，离心（转速为每分钟12000转）30秒，弃去过滤液；再离心（转速为每分钟13000转）2分钟，取出吸附柱，放入另一离心管中，加入50μl洗脱缓冲液，室温放置3～5分钟，离心（转速为每分钟12000转）1分钟，将洗脱液再加入吸附柱中，室温放置2分钟，离心（转速为每分钟12000转）1分钟］，取洗脱液，作为供试品溶液，置4℃冰箱中备用。另取川贝母对照药材0.1g，同法制成对照药材模板DNA溶液。
Template DNA extraction: Take 0.1g of the sample, wash with 1ml of 75% ethanol and 1ml of sterile ultrapure water successively, absorb the surface moisture, grind it into fine powder in a mortar. Take 20mg, place it in a 1.5ml centrifuge tube, and extract DNA with a new broad-spectrum plant genomic DNA rapid extraction kit [add 400μl of buffer AP1 and 4μl of RNA enzyme solution (10mg/ml), vortex oscillation, heat in a 65°C water bath for 10 minutes, add 130μl of buffer AP2, mix well, cool in an ice bath for 5 minutes, centrifuge (at a speed of 14,000 rpm) for 10 minutes; absorb the supernatant and transfer it to another centrifuge tube, add 1.5 times the volume of buffer AP3/E, mix well, add it to the adsorption column, centrifuge (at a speed of 13,000 rpm) for 1 minute, discard the filtrate, add 700μl of washing solution, centrifuge (at a speed of 12,000 rpm) for 30 seconds, discard the filtrate; add 500μl of washing solution, centrifuge (at a speed of 12,000 rpm) for 30 seconds, discard the filtrate; centrifuge again (at a speed of 13,000 rpm) for 2 minutes, take out the adsorption column, put it in another centrifuge tube, add 50μl of elution buffer, leave it at room temperature for 3-5 minutes, centrifuge (at a speed of 12,000 rpm) for 1 minute, add the eluate to the adsorption column again, leave it at room temperature for 2 minutes, centrifuge (at a speed of 12,000 rpm) for 1 minute], take the eluate as the test solution, and store it in a refrigerator at 4°C. Take 0.1g of the reference drug Chuanbeimu, and prepare the template DNA solution of the reference drug in the same way.

PCR-RFLP反应 鉴别引物：5'CGTAACAAGGTTT-CCGTAGGTGAA3'和5'GCTACGTTCTTCATCGAT3'。PCR反应体系：在200μl离心管中进行，反应总体积为30μl，反应体系包括10×PCR缓冲液3μl，二氯化镁（25mmol/L）2.4μl，dNTP（10mmol/L）0.6μl，鉴别引物（30μmol/L）各0.5μl，高保真Taq DAN聚合酶（5U/μl)0.2μl，模板1μl，无菌超纯水21.8μl。将离心管置PCR仪，PCR反应参数：95℃预变性4分钟，循环反应30次（95℃30秒，55～58℃30秒，72℃30秒），72℃延伸5分钟。取PCR反应液，置500μl离心管中，进行酶切反应，反应总体积为20μl，反应体系包括10×酶切缓冲液2μl，PCR反应液6μl，Sma I（10U/μl）0.5μl，无菌超纯水11.5μl，酶切反应在30℃水浴反应2小时。另取无菌超纯水，同法上述PCR-RFLP反应操作，作为空白对照。
PCR-RFLP reaction: Identification primers: 5'CGTAACAAGGTTT-CCGTAGGTGAA3' and 5'GCTACGTTCTTCATCGAT3'. PCR reaction system: carried out in a 200μl centrifuge tube, with a total reaction volume of 30μl, including 3μl of 10×PCR buffer, 2.4μl of magnesium chloride (25mmol/L), 0.6μl of dNTP (10mmol/L), 0.5μl of identification primers (30μmol/L) each, 0.2μl of high-fidelity Taq DNA polymerase (5U/μl), 1μl of template, and 21.8μl of sterile ultrapure water. Place the centrifuge tube in a PCR instrument, and the PCR reaction parameters are: pre-denaturation at 95°C for 4 minutes, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 30 seconds, annealing at 55-58°C for 30 seconds, and extension at 72°C for 30 seconds, with a final extension at 72°C for 5 minutes. Take the PCR reaction solution and place it in a 500μl centrifuge tube for enzyme digestion. The total reaction volume is 20μl, including 2μl of 10×enzyme digestion buffer, 6μl of PCR reaction solution, 0.5μl of Sma I (10U/μl), 11.5μl of sterile ultrapure wat er. The enzyme digestion reaction is carried out in a 30°C water bath for 2 hours. Take sterile ultrapure water and perform the same PCR-RFLP reaction operation as described above as a blank control.

电泳检测 照琼脂糖凝胶电泳法（通则0541），胶浓度为1.5%，胶中加入核酸凝胶染色剂GelRed；供试品与对照药材酶切反应溶液的上样量分别为8μl，DNA分子量标记上样量为1μl（0.5μg/μl）。电泳结束后，取凝胶片在凝胶成像仪上或紫外透射仪上检视。供试品凝胶电泳图谱中，在与对照药材凝胶电泳图谱相应的位置上，在100～250bp应有两条DNA条带，空白对照无条带。
Electrophoresis detection: According to the method of agarose gel electrophoresis<0541>, the gel concentration is 1.5%, and the nucleic acid gel stain GelRed is added to the gel. The amount of the test solution and the enzyme digestion solution of the reference drug for loading is 8μl each, and the amount of DNA molecular weight marker for loading is 1μl (0.5μg/μl). After the electrophoresis is completed, take out the gel film and check it on a gel imager or a UV transilluminator. In the gel electrophoresis profile of the test solution, at the corresponding positions to those in the gel electrophoresis profile of the reference drug, there should be two DNA bands at 100-250bp, and there should be no bands in the blank control.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于9.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 9.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

对照品溶液的制备 取西贝母碱对照品适量，精密称定，加三氯甲烷制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of reference solution: Take an appropriate amount of reference substance of Beimu Alkaloid, accurately weigh, add chloroform to make a solution containing 0.2 mg per 1 ml.

标准曲线的制备 精密量取对照品溶液0.1ml、0.2ml、0.4ml、0.6ml、1.0ml，置25ml具塞试管中，分别补加三氯甲烷至10.0ml，精密加水5ml、再精密加0.05%溴甲酚绿缓冲液（取溴甲酚绿0.05g，用0.2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液6ml使溶解，加磷酸二氢钾1g，加水使溶解并稀释至100ml，即得）2ml，密塞，剧烈振摇1分钟，转移至分液漏斗中，放置30分钟。取三氯甲烷液，用干燥滤纸滤过，取续滤液，以相应的试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401），在415nm的波长处测定吸光度，以吸光度为纵坐标，浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线。
Preparation of standard curve: Accurately take 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, 0.4 ml, 0.6 ml, and 1.0 ml of the reference solution, place them in a 25 ml stoppered test tube, add chloroform to 10.0 ml respectively, accurately add 5 ml of water, and then accurately add 2 ml of 0.05% bromothymol blue buffer solution (dissolve 0.05 g of bromothymol blue in 6 ml of 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, add 1 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dissolve in water and dilute to 100 ml), seal tightly, shake vigorously for 1 minute, transfer to a separating funnel, and let stand for 30 minutes. Take the chloroform solution, filter it through a dry filter paper, take the filtrate, use the corresponding reagent as a blank, and determine the absorbance at a wavelength of 415 nm by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry <0401>. Plot the standard curve with absorbance as the ordinate and concentration as the abscissa.

测定法 取本品粉末（过三号筛）约2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，加浓氨试液3ml，浸润1小时，加三氯甲烷-甲醇（4∶1）混合溶液40ml，置80℃水浴加热回流2小时，放冷，滤过，滤液置50ml量瓶中，用适量三氯甲烷-甲醇（4∶1）混合溶液洗涤药渣2～3次，洗液并入同一量瓶中，加三氯甲烷-甲醇（4∶1）混合溶液至刻度，摇匀。精密量取2～5ml，置25ml具塞试管中，水浴上蒸干，精密加入三氯甲烷10ml使溶解，照标准曲线的制备项下的方法，自“精密加水5ml”起，依法测定吸光度，从标准曲线上读出供试品溶液中西贝母碱的重量（mg），计算，即得。
Determination method Take about 2g of this product powder (through the third sieve), weighed accurately, placed in a stoppered conical flask, add 3ml of concentrated ammonia test solution, moistened for 1 hour, add 40ml of trichloromethane-methanol (4:1) mixture, placed in a water bath at 80 ℃ and refluxed with heat for 2 hours, cooled, filtered, and filtrate, filtrate placed in a 50ml measuring flask, with the appropriate amount of trichloromethane-methanol (4:1) mixture of solution washed the dregs of the medicine for 2-3 times, the washings And into the same measuring flask, add trichloromethane-methanol (4:1) mixed solution to the scale, shake well. Measure 2~5ml precisely, put it in 25ml stoppered test tube, evaporate on water bath, add 10ml of trichloromethane precisely to make it dissolve, according to the method under the preparation of the standard curve, from "adding 5ml of water precisely", determine the absorbance according to the law, and read out the weight of sibirubinine in the test soluti on (mg) from the standard curve, calculate and obtain the results. It is obtained.

本品按干燥品计算，含总生物碱以西贝母碱（C27H43NO3）计，不得少于0.050%。
This product shall not contain less than 0.050% of total alkaloids in terms of cephaleine (C27H43NO3) when calculated as a dried product.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦、甘。
Bitter, sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、心经。
Belongs to the lung and heart meridians.

功能 Actions

清热润肺，化痰止咳，散结消痈。
Clears heat and moistens the lungs, transforms phlegm and stops coughing, disperses nodules and dissipates abscesses.

主治 Indications

用于肺热燥咳，干咳少痰，阴虚劳嗽，痰中带血，瘰疬，乳痈，肺痈。
Used for lung heat with dry cough, dry cough with little phlegm, yin deficiency cough, bloody phlegm, scrofula, breast abscess, and lung abscess.

用量 Dosage

3～10g；
3-10 g;

用法 Administration

研粉冲服，一次1～2g。
grind into powder and take orally, 1-2 g each time.

注意 Precautions

不宜与川乌、制川乌、草乌、制草乌、附子同用。
Should not be used together with Chuanwu, Zhichuanwu, Caowu, Zhicaowu, and Fuzi.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.