黑豆

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物大豆Glycine max（L.）Merr.的干燥成熟种子。秋季采收成熟果实，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质。
Black Soybean Seed is the dried mature seed of Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fam. Leguminosae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is mature, dried in the sun, threshed to remove the seeds, and cleaned.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形或类球形，稍扁，长6～12mm，直径5～9mm。表面黑色或灰黑色，光滑或有皱纹，具光泽，一侧有淡黄白色长椭圆形种脐。质坚硬。种皮薄而脆，子叶2，肥厚，黄绿色或淡黄色。气微，味淡，嚼之有豆腥味。
Seeds elliptical or nearly spherical, slightly flattened, 6-12 mm long, 5-9 mm in diameter. Surface black or grayish-black, smooth or wrinkled, lustrous, with a pale yellowish-white, elongated hilum on one side. Texture hard. Seed coat thin and brittle; cotyledons 2, thick, yellowish-green or pale yellow. Odour, slight; taste, mild, with a beany flavour on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄绿色。种皮栅状细胞紫红色，侧面观细胞1列，长50～80μm，壁厚，具光辉带；表面观呈多角形或长多角形，直径约至18μm。种皮支持细胞1列，侧面观呈哑铃状或骨状，长26～185μm；表面观呈类圆形或扁圆形，直径10～28μm，可见两个同心圆圈。子叶细胞含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴。草酸钙结晶，存在于子叶细胞中，呈柱状、双锥形或方形，长3～33μm，直径3～10μm。
(1) The powder is yellowish-green. The epidermal cells of the seed coat are purplish-red, seen in side view, 1 row of cells, 50-80 μm long, thick-walled, with a bright band; seen in surface view, polygonal or elongated polygonal, about 18 μm in diameter. The supporting cells of the seed coat are seen in side view, dumbbell-shaped or bone-shaped, 26-185 μm long; seen in surface view, nearly circular or elliptical, 10-28 μm in diameter, with two concentric circles visible. The cotyledon cells contain starch grains and oil droplets. Calcium oxalate crystals, present in the cotyledon cells, are columnar, biconical or square, 3-33 μm long, 3-10 μm in diameter.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取黑豆对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取大豆苷对照品、大豆苷元对照品，加甲醇分别制成每1ml各含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述四种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-甲醇-甲酸（14∶6∶0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) Take 2 g of the powder, add 20 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take another 2 g of the reference drug Black Soybean Seed, and prepare the reference drug solution in the same manner. Take the reference substances of daidzin and genistin, and prepare solutions containing 1 mg per ml of each in methanol as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene, methanol, and formic acid (14:6:0.1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above four solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 254 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过9.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于12.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 12.0 per cent.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、肾经。
Spleen and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

益精明目，养血祛风，利水，解毒。
Nourish the essence and improve vision, nourish the blood and dispel wind, promote diuresis, and detoxify.

主治 Indications

用于阴虚烦渴，头晕目昏，体虚多汗，肾虚腰痛，水肿尿少，痹痛拘挛，手足麻木，药食中毒。
Used for yin deficiency and thirst, dizziness, dizziness, excessive sweating, kidney deficiency and lumbago, oedema and urination, paralysis and pain, numbness of the hands and feet, and medicinal food poisoning.

用量 Dosage

9～30g。
9-30 g.

用法 Administration

外用适量，煎汤洗患处。
For external use, use an appropriate amount and decoct for washing the affected area.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.

黑豆

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物大豆Glycine max (L.) Merr.的干燥成熟种子。秋季采收成熟果实，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质。
Black Bean is the dried ripe seed of Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Tam. Leguminosae). The fruit is collected in autumn when ripe, dried in the sun, then the seed is tapped out, removed from foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形或类球形，稍扁，长6～12mm，直径5～9mm。表面黑色或灰黑色，光滑或有皱纹，具光泽，一侧有淡黄白色长椭圆形种脐。质坚硬。种皮薄而脆，子叶2，肥厚，黄绿色或淡黄色。气微，味淡，嚼之有豆腥味。
Elliptical or subspherical, slightly flattened, 6-12 mm long, 5-9 mm in diameter. Externally black or greyish-black, smooth or with wrinkles, lustrous, with pale yellowish-white long elliptical hilum. Texture hard, testa thin and fragile, cotyledons 2, plump and fleshy, yellowish- green or pale yellow. Odour slight; taste, weak, beany flavoured on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄绿色。种皮栅状细胞紫红色，侧面观细胞1列，长50～80μm，壁厚，具光辉带；表面观呈多角形或长多角形，直径约至18μm。种皮支持细胞1列，侧面观呈哑铃状或骨状，长26～185μm；表面观呈类圆形或扁圆形，直径10～28μm，可见两个同心圆圈。子叶细胞含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴。草酸钙结晶，存在于子叶细胞中，呈柱状、双锥形或方形，长3～33μm，直径3～10μm。
（2）取本品粉末2g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取黑豆对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取大豆苷对照品、大豆苷元对照品，加甲醇分别制成每1ml各含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述四种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-甲醇-甲酸（14：6：0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过9.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于12.0%。
Carry out the hot extraction method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201>, using ethanol as the solvent not less than 12.0 per cent.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘，平。归脾、肾经。
Neutral; sweet. Spleen and kidney meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

益精明目，养血祛风，利水，解毒。
To replenish essence, improve vision, nourish blood, dispel wind, induce diuresis, and remove toxin.

主治 Indications

用于阴虚烦渴，头晕目昏，体虚多汗，肾虚腰痛，水肿尿少，痹痛拘挛，手足麻木，药食中毒。
Vexation and thirst due to yin deficiency, dizziness, blurred vision, weak constitution, profuse sweating, lumbago caused by kidney deficiency, edema, small quantity of urination, bi disorder pain, spasm, extremities numbness, and drug and food poisoning.

用量 Dosage

9～30g。外用适量，煎汤洗患处。
9-30 g. Appropriate amount for topical application, decocted for bathing.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.