三棱

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为黑三棱科植物黑三棱Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham.的干燥块茎。冬季至次年春采挖，洗净，削去外皮，晒干。
Sparganium Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham. (Fam. Sparganiaceae). The drug is collected in winter and early spring, washed clean, peeled, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈圆锥形，略扁，长2～6cm，直径2～4cm。表面黄白色或灰黄色，有刀削痕，须根痕小点状，略呈横向环状排列。体重，质坚实。气微，味淡，嚼之微有麻辣感。
Rhizomes conical, slightly flattened, 2-6 cm long, 2-4 cm in diameter; surface yellowish-white or greyish-yellow, with knife marks and small dot-like root scars arranged in transverse rings. Heavy, solid in texture. Odour, slight; taste, mild, with a slight tingling sensation on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：皮层为通气组织，薄壁细胞不规则形细胞间有大的腔隙；内皮层细胞排列紧密。中柱薄壁细胞类圆形，壁略厚，内含淀粉粒；维管束外韧型及周木型，散在，导管非木化。皮层及中柱均散有分泌细胞，内含棕红色分泌物。
Powder yellowish-white. Many starch grains, single grains round, polygonal or elliptical, 2-10 μm in diameter, larger grains with indistinctly visible dot-like or fissure-like hilum, secretion cells containing reddish-brown secretion. Fibres mostly in bundles, walls thick, slightly lignified or lignified, with scattered uniseriate pits. Thin-walled cells in lignified fibres elongated, elongate-elliptical or irregular in shape, walls bead-like, slightly lignified.

粉末黄白色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒类圆形、类多角形或椭圆形，直径2～10μm，较大粒隐约可见点状或裂缝状脐点，分泌细胞内含红棕色分泌物。纤维多成束，壁较厚，微木化或木化，有稀疏单斜纹孔。木化薄壁细胞呈类长方形、长椭圆形或不规则形，壁呈连珠状，微木化。
Powder yellowish white. Starch granules are very numerous, single granules are rounded, polygonal or ellipsoid, 2-10 μm in diameter, larger granules are faintly visible as punctate or fissured umbilical dots, and secretory cells contain reddish-brown secretions. Fibres are bundled, thick-walled, microlignified or lignified, with sparse monoclinic pores. The lignified thin-walled cells were oblong, long elliptic or irregularly shaped, with hyphae-like walls and microlignified.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加乙醇30ml，加热回流1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取三棱对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（4∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
To 2g of the powder add 30 ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of ethanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference drug in the same manner as the test solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C)and ethyl acetate(4:1)as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate,dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于7.5%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 7.5 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

三棱 Common Rush

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，浸泡，润透，切薄片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, soak, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Appearance

本品呈类圆形的薄片。外表皮灰棕色。切面灰白色或黄白色，粗糙，有多数明显的细筋脉点。气微，味淡，嚼之微有麻辣感。
This product is round-shaped thin slices. The outer skin is gray-brown. The cut surface is gray-white or yellow-white, rough, with many obvious fine vein points. The odor is slight, the taste is mild, and there is a slight tingling sensation when chewed.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）【检查】【浸出物】同药材。
(Except for the cross section) The examination and extractives are the same as the medicinal material.

醋三棱 Vinegar-treated Common Rush

炮制 Processing

取净三棱片，照醋炙法（通则0213）炒至色变深。每100kg三棱，用醋15kg。
Take clean Common Rush slices, stir-fry according to the vinegar processing method <0213> until the color darkens. For every 100 kg of Common Rush, use 15 kg of vinegar.

性状 Appearance

本品形如三棱片，切面黄色至黄棕色，偶见焦黄斑，微有醋香气。
This product is shaped like Common Rush slices, with a yellow to yellow-brown cut surface, occasional charred yellow spots, and a slight vinegar aroma.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过13.0%。
Same as the medicinal material, not more than 13.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过5.0%。
Same as the medicinal material, not more than 5.0 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

（2）同药材。
(2) Same as the medicinal material.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾经。
Belongs to the liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

破血行气，消积止痛。
To promote blood circulation and qi movement, dissolve accumulations, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于癥瘕痞块，痛经，瘀血经闭，胸痹心痛，食积胀痛。
Used for masses and lumps, dysmenorrhea, blood stasis and amenorrhea, chest pain and heartache, and abdominal distension and pain caused by food stagnation.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

孕妇禁用；不宜与芒硝、玄明粉同用。
Prohibited for pregnant women; should not be used with Mirabilite and Xuanming Powder.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.

三棱

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为黑三棱科植物黑三棱Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham.的干燥块茎。冬季至次年春采挖，洗净，削去外皮，晒干。
Common Burreed Tuber is the dried tuber rhizome of Sparganium stoloniferum Buch. -Ham. (Fam. Sparganiaceae). The drug is collected from winter to the next spring, washed clean, peeled, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈圆锥形，略扁，长2～6cm，直径2～4cm。表面黄白色或灰黄色，有刀削痕，须根痕小点状，略呈横向环状排列。体重，质坚实。气微，味淡，嚼之微有麻辣感。
Conical, slightly flattened, 2-6 cm long, 2-4 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-white or greyish- yellow, with marks pared with a knife, fibrous root scars spotted, , slightly ring-arranged transversely. Texture heavy, compact. Odour, slight; taste, weak, slightly numb on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：皮层为通气组织，薄壁细胞不规则形细胞间有大的腔隙；内皮层细胞排列紧密。中柱薄壁细胞类圆形，壁略厚，内含淀粉粒；维管束外韧型及周木型，散在，导管非木化。皮层及中柱均散有分泌细胞，内含棕红色分泌物。
(1) Transverse section: Cortex consisting of aerenchyma, parenchymatous cells irregularly connected each other forming large intercellular spaces; endodermal cells densely arranged. Parenchymatous cells of stele subrounded, slightly thick-walled, containing starch granules; collateral and amphivasal bundles scattered, vessels non-lignified. Secretory cells scattered in cortex and stele, filled with brownish-red secretion.

粉末黄白色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒类圆形、类多角形或椭圆形，直径2～10μm，较大粒隐约可见点状或裂缝状脐点，分泌细胞内含红棕色分泌物。纤维多成束，壁较厚，微木化或木化，有稀疏单斜纹孔。木化薄壁细胞呈类长方形、长橢圆形或不规则形，壁呈连珠状，微木化。
Powder: Yellowish-white. Starch granules numerous, simple granules subrounded, subpolygonal or elliptical, 2-10 μm in diameter, pointed or cleft hilum faintly visible on large ones, secretory cells containing reddish-brown secretions. Fibres mostly in bundles, walls relatively thick, somewhat lignified or lignified, with sparse oblique simple pits. Lignified parenchymatous cells oblong, long-elliptical or irregular, walls beaded and slightly lignified.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加乙醇30ml，加热回流1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取三棱对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（4：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) To 2 g of the powder add 30 ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 1 hour and filter. Evaporate the filtrate to dryness, and dissolve the residue in 2 ml of ethanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 2 g of Sparganii Rhizoma reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (60- 90℃) and ethyl acetate (4 : 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 10 μl of each of the above two solutions to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultrariolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于7.5%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 7.5 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

三棱 Common Burreed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，浸泡，润透，切薄片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, soak, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dry.

本品呈类圆形的薄片。外表皮灰棕色。切面灰白色或黄白色，粗糙，有多数明显的细筋脉点。气微，味淡，嚼之微有麻辣感。
In subrounded thin slices. Externally greyish-brown. Cut surface greyish-white or yellowish-white, rough, with numerous distinct dotted vaseular bundles. Odour, slight; taste, weak, slightly numb on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）【检查】【浸出物】同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.

醋三棱 Common Burreed (processed with vinegar)

取净三棱片，照醋炙法（通则0213）炒至色变深。每100kg三棱，用醋15kg。
Sparganii Rhizoma (processed with vinegar) Stir-bake the slices of Sparganii Rhizoma as described under the method for stir-baking with vinegar <0213> until a deep colour is produced, using 15 kg of vinegar per 100 kg of slices of Sparganii Rhizoma.

本品形如三棱片，切面黄色至黄棕色，偶见焦黄斑，微有醋香气。
The shape similar to the slices, cut surface yellow to yellowish-brown, burnt-yellow spots visible occasionally, slightly with vinegar odour.

【检查】水分同药材，不得过13.0%。
总灰分同药材，不得过5.0%。

性 Property

辛、苦，平。
Neutral; pungent and bitter.

味 Flavor

辛、苦，平。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾经。
Liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

破血行气，消积止痛。
To break blood, move qi, and relieve accumulation and pain.

主治 Indications

用于癥瘕痞块，痛经，瘀血经闭，胸痹心痛，食积胀痛。
Aggregation-accumulation masses, glomus, dysmenorrheal, amenorrhea caused by static blood, chest bi disorder, heart pain, food retention and distending pain.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇禁用；不宜与芒硝、玄明粉同用。
Contraindicated during pregnancy. Incompatible with Natrii Sulfas, Natrii Sulfas Exsiccatus.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.