三七

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为五加科植物三七Panax notoginseng（Burk.）F.H.Chen的干燥根和根茎。秋季花开前采挖，洗净，分开主根、支根及根茎，干燥。支根习称“筋条”，根茎习称“剪口”。
Notoginseng Root and Rhizome is the dried root and rhizome of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (Fam. Araliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn before flowering, washed clean, and dried. The supporting roots are commonly known as "jintiao" and the rhizomes are commonly known as "jiankou".

性状 Description

主根呈类圆锥形或圆柱形，长1～6cm，直径1～4cm。表面灰褐色或灰黄色，有断续的纵皱纹和支根痕。顶端有茎痕，周围有瘤状突起。体重，质坚实，断面灰绿色、黄绿色或灰白色，木部微呈放射状排列。气微，味苦回甜。
The main root is conical or cylindrical, 1-6 cm long, 1-4 cm in diameter. The surface is grayish-brown or grayish-yellow, with intermittent longitudinal wrinkles and supporting root marks. There is a stem scar at the top and nodular protrusions around it. The texture is heavy and solid, with a gray-green, yellow-green, or gray-white section, and the wood is slightly radially arranged. The odor is slight and the taste is bitter and slightly sweet.

筋条呈圆柱形或圆锥形，长2～6cm，上端直径约0.8cm，下端直径约0.3cm。
The supporting roots are cylindrical or conical, 2-6 cm long, with an upper diameter of about 0.8 cm and a lower diameter of about 0.3 cm.

剪口呈不规则的皱缩块状或条状，表面有数个明显的茎痕及环纹，断面中心灰绿色或白色，边缘深绿色或灰色。
The rhizomes are irregularly wrinkled and shrunk, with several obvious stem scars and ring marks on the surface. The center of the section is grayish-green or white, and the edge is dark green or gray.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰黄色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒圆形、半圆形或圆多角形，直径4～30μm；复粒由2～10余分粒组成。树脂道碎片含黄色分泌物。梯纹导管、网纹导管及螺纹导管直径15～55μm。草酸钙簇晶少见，直径50～80μm。
(1) The powder of this product is grayish-yellow. There are many starch grains, which are single, round, semi-round, or polygonal, with a diameter of 4-30μm; compound grains consist of 2-10 sub-grains. The resin canal fragments contain yellow secretions. The diameter of the ladder-like ducts, reticulate ducts, and spiral ducts is 15-55μm. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are rare, with a diameter of 50-80μm.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加水5滴，搅匀，再加以水饱和的正丁醇5ml，密塞，振摇10分钟，放置2小时，离心，取上清液，加3倍量以正丁醇饱和的水，摇匀，放置使分层（必要时离心），取正丁醇层，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取人参皂苷Rb₁对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品、人参皂苷Rg₁对照品及三七皂苷R₁对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含0.5mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（15∶40∶22∶10）10℃以下放置的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以硫酸溶液（1→10），在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视，显相同的荧光斑点。
(2) Take 0.5g of the powder, add 5 drops of water, stir well, then add 5ml of water-saturated n-butanol, seal tightly, shake for 10 minutes, let stand for 2 hours, centrifuge, take the supernatant, add 3 times the volume of water-saturated n-butanol, shake well, let stand to form layers (if necessary, centrifuge), take the n-butanol layer, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Take ginsenoside Rb₁ reference substance, ginsenoside Re reference substance, ginsenoside Rg₁ reference substance, and notoginsenoside R₁ reference substance, dissolve them in methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (15:40:22:10) as the mobile phase, which is placed below 10°C. Develop, remove, dry, spray with sulfuric acid solution (1→10), and heat at 105°C until the spots are clearly colored. In the chromatogram obtained with the test solution, spots of the same color appear at corresponding positions in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution; examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm, spots of the same fluorescence appear.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

重金属及有害元素 Heavy metals and harmful elements

照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则 2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测 定，铅不得过5mg/kg；镉不得过1mg/kg；砷不得过2mg/kg； 汞不得过0.2mg/kg；铜不得过20mg/kg。
Determine according to the method for determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper <2321, atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry>. The lead content should not exceed 5mg/kg; the cadmium content should not exceed 1mg/kg; the arsenic content should not exceed 2mg/kg; the mercury content should not exceed 0.2mg/kg; the copper content should not exceed 20mg/kg.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用甲醇作溶剂，不得少于16.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using methanol as the solvent, not less than 16.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine according to the method of high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以水为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为203nm。理论板数按三七皂苷R1峰计算应不低于4000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile as mobile phase A and water as mobile phase B, perform gradient elution according to the specified conditions in the table; detect at a wavelength of 203nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of ginsenoside R1 should not be less than 4000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

精密称取人参皂苷 Rg1对照品、人参皂苷Rb1对照品及三七皂苷R1对照品适量，加甲醇制成 每1ml含人参皂苷Rg1 0.4mg、人参皂苷Rb1 0.4mg、三七皂苷R1 0.1mg的混合溶液，即得。
Accurately weigh an appropriate amount of ginsenoside Rg1 reference substance, ginsenoside Rb1 reference substance, and notoginsenoside R1 reference substance, add methanol to prepare a mixed solution containing 0.4mg of ginsenoside Rg1, 0.4mg of ginsenoside Rb1, and 0.1mg of notoginsenoside R1 per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）0.6g，精密称定，精密加入甲醇50ml，称定重量，放置过夜，置80℃水浴上保持微沸2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重 量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take 0.6g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh it, add 50ml of methanol accurately, weigh it again, let it stand overnight, keep it boiling slightly on a water bath at 80°C for 2 hours, cool it, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate to obtain the test solution.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含人参皂苷Rg1（C42H72O14）、人参皂苷Rb1（C54H92O23）及三七皂苷R1（C47H80O18）的总量不得少于5.0%。
Calculated on the dried product, the total content of ginsenoside Rg1 (C42H72O14), ginsenoside Rb1 (C54H92O23), and notoginsenoside R1 (C47H80O18) should not be less than 5.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

三七粉 Notoginseng powder

炮制 Processing

取三七，洗净，干燥，碾成细粉。
Take notoginseng, wash it, dry it, and grind it into fine powder.

性状 Morphological characteristics

本品为灰黄色的粉末。气微，味苦回甜。
This product is a grayish-yellow powder. It has a slight odor and a bitter-sweet taste

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘、微苦。
Sweet and slightly bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胃经。
It belongs to the liver and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

散瘀止血，消肿定痛。
Promotes blood circulation and stops bleeding, reduces swelling and relieves pain.

主治 Indications

用于咯血，吐血，衄血，便血，崩漏，外伤出血，胸腹刺痛，跌扑肿痛。
Used for hemoptysis, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, bleeding from external injuries, stabbing pain in the chest and abdomen, and swelling and pain from falls and blows.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9g.

用法 Administration

研粉吞服，一次1～3g。外用适量。
Grind into powder and take orally, 1-3g each time. For external use, use an appropriate amount.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Caution for pregnant women.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a cool and dry place, and protect against moth damage.

三七

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为五加科植物三七Panax notoginseng（Burk.）F.H.Chen的干燥根和根茎。秋季花开前采挖，洗净，分开主根、支根及根茎，干燥。支根习称“筋条”，根茎习称“剪口”。
Sanchi is the dried root and rhizome of Panar notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen (Fam. Ara-liaceae). The drug is collected before flowering in autumn, washed clean, graded into main root, branch root and rhizome, and dried. The branch root is known as "Jintiao" and rhizome is known as "Jiankou".

性状 Description

主根呈类圆锥形或圆柱形，长1～6cm，直径1～4cm。表面灰褐色或灰黄色，有断续的纵皱纹和支根痕。顶端有茎痕，周围有瘤状突起。体重，质坚实，断面灰绿色、黄绿色或灰白色，木部微呈放射状排列。气微，味苦回甜。
Main roots subconical or cylindrical, 1-6 cm long, 1-4 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-brown or greyish-yellow with interrupted longitudinal wrinkles and branch root scars. Stem scars at the apex surrounded by warty protrusions. Texture heavy and compact, fracture greyish-green, yellowish-green or greyish-white, wood slightly radially arranged. Odour, slight; taste, bitter but afterwards sweetish.

筋条呈圆柱形或圆锥形，长2～6cm，上端直径约0.8cm，下端直径约0.3cm。
Jintiao is cylindrical or conical, 2-6 cm long, the upper end approximately 0.8 cm in diameter, the lower end approximately 0.3 cm in diameter.

剪口呈不规则的皱缩块状或条状，表面有数个明显的茎痕及环纹，断面中心灰绿色或白色，边缘深绿色或灰色。
Jiankou is irregularly shrunken lump-shaped or slat-shaped, externally with several conspicuous stem scars and annulations; fracture greyish-green or greyish-white in the centre and deep green or grey at the margin.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰黄色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒圆形、半圆形或圆多角形，直径4～30μm；复粒由2～10余分粒组成。树脂道碎片含黄色分泌物。梯纹导管、网纹导管及螺纹导管直径15～55μm。草酸钙簇晶少见，直径50～80μm。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加水5滴，搅匀，再加以水饱和的正丁醇5ml，密塞，振摇10分钟，放置2小时，离心，取上清液，加3倍量以正丁醇饱和的水，摇匀，放置使分层（必要时离心），取正丁醇层，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取人参皂苷Rb1对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品、人参皂苷Rg1对照品及三七皂苷R1对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含0.5mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各lμl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（15：40：22：10）10℃以下放置的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以硫酸溶液（1→10），在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视，显相同的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用甲醇作溶剂，不得少于16.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using methanol as the solvent, not less than 16.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以水为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为203nm。理论板数按三七皂苷R1峰计算应不低于4000。

时间（分钟） 流动相A（％） 流动相B（％）

0~12
12~60 19
19→36 81
81→64

对照品溶液的制备 精密称取人参皂苷Rg1对照品、人参皂苷Rb1对照品及三七皂苷R1对照品适量，加甲醇制成每1ml含人参皂苷Rg1 0.4mg、人参皂苷Rb1 0.4mg、三七皂苷R1 0.1mg的混合溶液，即得。
供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过四号筛）0.6g，精密称定，精密加入甲醇50ml，称定重量，放置过夜，置80℃水浴上保持微沸2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

饮片 Prepared slices

三七粉 Powder of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma

取三七，洗净，干燥，碾成细粉。
Powder of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma: Wash Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma clean, dry, and pulverize to fine powder.

本品为灰黄色的粉末。气微，味苦回甜。
Powder, greyish-yellow; odour, slight; taste, bitter then sweetish.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘、微苦。
Sweet and mild bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胃经。
Liver and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

散瘀止血，消肿定痛。
To dissipate stasis, stanch bleeding, disperse swelling, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于咯血，吐血，衄血，便血，崩漏，外伤出血，胸腹刺痛，跌扑肿痛。
Hemoptysis, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, menstrual flooding and spotting, traumatic bleeding, stabbing pain in chest and abdomen, and swelling and pain caused by traumatic injuries.

用量 Dosage

3～9g；研粉吞服，一次1～3g。外用适量。
3-9 g. Ground into powder for oral administration: 1-3 g per time. Appropriate amount for topical application.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇慎用。
Used with caution for pregnant women.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.