刀豆

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物刀豆Canavalia gladiata （Jacq.）DC.的干燥成熟种子。秋季采收成熟果实，剥取种子，晒干。
Sword Bean Seed is the dried mature seed of Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. (Fam. Leguminosae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is mature, the seeds are removed, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈扁卵形或扁肾形，长2～3.5cm，宽1～2cm，厚0.5～1.2cm。表面淡红色至红紫色，微皱缩，略有光泽。边缘具眉状黑色种脐，长约2cm，上有白色细纹3条。质硬，难破碎。种皮革质，内表面棕绿色而光亮；子叶2，黄白色，油润。气微，味淡，嚼之有豆腥味。
Seeds flattened-ovate or flattened-reniform, 2-3.5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, 0.5-1.2 cm thick. Surface pale red to purplish-red, slightly wrinkled, slightly lustrous. Hilum linear, about 2 cm long, with 3 white lines. Texture hard, difficult to break. Seed coat leathery, inner surface brownish-green and lustrous; cotyledons 2, yellowish-white, oily. Odour, slight; taste, weak, with a beany flavour on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

本品横切面：表皮为1列栅状细胞，种脐处2列，外被角质层，光辉带明显。支持细胞2～6列，呈哑铃状。营养层由十多列切向延长的薄壁细胞组成，内侧细胞呈颓废状；有维管束，种皮下方为数列多角形胚乳细胞。子叶细胞含众多淀粉粒。管胞岛椭圆形，壁网状增厚，具缘纹孔少见。周围有4～5层薄壁细胞，其两侧为星状组织，细胞呈星芒状，有大型的细胞间隙。
Transverse section of the seed: Epidermal cells in 1 row, 2 rows at the hilum, with an outer cuticle and a distinct hypodermal sclerenchymatous ring. Supporting cells 2-6 rows, dumbbell-shaped. Nutritive cells consisting of more than 10 rows of thin-walled cells elongated radially, with the inner cells collapsed; vascular bundles present, below the seed coat are several rows of polyhedral endosperm cells. Cotyledon cells containing numerous starch grains. Islands of sieve cells elliptical, with reticulate thickening of the walls, few bordered pits. Surrounding the islands are 4-5 layers of thin-walled cells, with stellate tissue on both sides, the cells being stellate with large intercellular spaces.

饮片 Prepared Slices

刀豆 Sword Bean Seed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，用时捣碎。
Remove impurities and crush before use.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
warm.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归胃、肾经。
Enters the Stomach and Kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

温中，下气，止呃。
Warm, down, stop huh.

主治 Indications

用于虚寒呃逆，呕吐。
Used for deficiency-cold hiccups and vomiting.

用量 Dosage

6～9g。
6-9g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, protected from moth.

刀豆

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物刀豆Canavalia gladiata（Jacq.）DC.的干燥成熟种子。秋季采收成熟果实，剥取种子，晒干。
Jack Bean is the dried ripe seed of Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. (Fam. Leguminosae). The fruit is collected in autumn when ripe, and the seed is gathered, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈扁卵形或扁肾形，长2～3.5cm，宽1～2cm，厚0.5～1.2cm。表面淡红色至红紫色，微皱缩，略有光泽。边缘具眉状黑色种跻，长约2cm，上有白色细纹3条。质硬，难破碎。种皮革质，内表面棕绿色而光亮；子叶2，黄白色，油润。气微，味淡，嚼之有豆腥味。
Flattened-ovoid or flattened reniform, 2- 3.5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, 0.5-1.2 em thick. The outer surface pale red to reddish-purple, slightly shrunken, somewhat lustrous. A black eyebrow-shaped hilum occurred at the edge, about 2 cm long, exhibiting 3 white fine striations. Texture hard, uneasily broken. Testa leathery, the inner surface brownish-green, lustrous; cotyledons 2, yellowish-white, oily. Odour, slight; taste, weak, bean-like on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

本品横切面：表皮为1列栅状细胞，种脐处2列，外被角质层，光辉带明显。支持细胞2～6列，呈哑铃状。营养层由十多列切向延长的薄壁细胞组成，内侧细胞呈颓废状；有维管束，种皮下方为数列多角形胚乳细胞。子叶细胞含众多淀粉粒。管胞岛椭圆形，壁网状增厚，具缘纹孔少见。周围有4～5层薄壁细胞，其两侧为星状组织，细胞呈星芒状，有大型的细胞间隙。
Transverse section: Epidermis consisting of l layer of palisad cells, 2 layers at hilum, with cuticle, light bend distinct. Supporting cells consisting of 2-6 layers, dumbell-shaped. Nutritive layer consisting of more than l0 layers of parenchymatous cells, tangentially elongated, the inner ones obiterate. Vascular bundles visible, several layers of cells of cotyledons located under testa, polygonal containing numerous starch granules. Tracheid isletelliptical, walls reticularly thickened, bordered pits few, surrounded by 4-5 layers of parenchymatous cells, with stellate tissue at two sides, cells stellate, with large inter cellular space.

饮片 Prepared slices

刀豆 Jack Bean

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，用时捣碎。
Eliminate foreign matter. Break into pieces before use.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归胃、肾经。
Stomach and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

温中，下气，止呃。
To warm the middle energizer, direct qi down-ward, and relieve hiccup.

主治 Indications

用于虚寒呃逆，呕吐。
Hiccup and vomiting caused by deficiency cold.

用量 Dosage

6～9 g。
6-9 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.