八角茴香

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2022年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木兰科植物八角茴香Illicium verum Hook. f.的干燥成熟果实。秋、冬二季果实由绿变黄时采摘，置沸水中略烫后干燥或直接干燥。
Star Anise Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Illicium verum Hook. f. (Fam. Magnoliaceae). The fruit is collected in autumn and winter when it turns from green to yellow, then it is picked, slightly scalded with boiling water, and dried.

性状 Description

本品为聚合果，多由8个蓇葖果组成，放射状排列于中轴上。蓇葖果长1～2cm，宽0.3～0.5cm，高0.6～1cm；外表面红棕色，有不规则皱纹，顶端呈鸟喙状，上侧多开裂；内表面淡棕色，平滑，有光泽；质硬而脆。果梗长3～4cm，连于果实基部中央，弯曲，常脱落。每个蓇葖果含种子1粒， 扁卵圆形，长约6mm，红棕色或黄棕色，光亮，尖端有种脐；胚乳白色，富油性。气芳香，味辛、甜。
The fruit is a multiple fruit, usually consisting of 8 follicles arranged radially around the central axis. Each follicle is 1-2 cm long, 0.3-0.5 cm wide, and 0.6-1 cm high. The outer surface is reddish-brown with irregular wrinkles, the apex is beak-shaped, and the upper side often cracks. The inner surface is light brown, smooth, and glossy. The texture is hard and brittle. The fruit stalk is 3-4 cm long, attached to the central base of the fruit, curved, and often detached. Each follicle contains 1 seed, which is flat-ovate, about 6 mm long, reddish-brown or yellowish-brown, shiny, and has a seed hilum at the apex. The endosperm is white and oily. It has a fragrant aroma, and the taste is pungent and sweet.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末红棕色。内果皮栅状细胞长柱形， 长200～546μm，壁稍厚，纹孔口十字状或人字状。种皮石细胞黄色，表面观类多角形，壁极厚，波状弯曲，胞腔分枝状，内含棕黑色物；断面观长方形，壁不均匀增厚。果皮石细胞类长方形、长圆形或分枝状，壁厚。纤维长，单个散在或成束，直径 29～60μm，壁木化，有纹孔。中果皮细胞红棕色，散有油细胞。内胚乳细胞多角形，含脂肪油滴和糊粉粒。
（1）The powder is reddish brown. Endocarp fenestrated cells oblong columnar, 200-546μm long, slightly thick wall, cross-shaped or herringbone pattern. Seed skin stone cells yellow, surface view of class polygonal, wall is very thick, undulate curved, cavity branching, containing brownish black material; section view rectangular, wall unevenly thickened. Pericarp stone cells oblong, oblong or branched, wall thick. Fibres long, scattered singly or in bundles, 29-60 μm in diameter, wall lignified, with pores. Mesocarp cells reddish brown, scattered with oil cells. Endosperm cells polygonal, containing fat oil droplets and dextrins.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加石油醚（60～90℃）-乙醚（1∶1）混合溶液15ml，密塞，振摇15分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加无水乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。吸取供试品溶液2μl， 点于硅胶G薄层板上，挥干，再点加间苯三酚盐酸试液2μl， 即显粉红色至紫红色的圆环。
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 15ml of petroleum ether (60-90℃)-ether (1:1) solution, stopper tightly, shake for 15 minutes, filter, filtrate evaporate, residue add 2ml of anhydrous ethanol to dissolve, as a test solution. Aspirate 2μl of the test solution, point on silica gel G thin layer plate, evaporate, and then add 2μl of resorcinol hydrochloric acid test solution, it will show a pink to purple-red ring.

（3）精密吸取〔鉴别〕（2）项下的供试品溶液10μl，置10ml 量瓶中，加无水乙醇至刻度，摇匀，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401）测定，在259nm波长处有最大吸收。
（3） Precisely absorb 10μl of the test solution under [Identification] (2), put in 10ml measuring flask, add anhydrous ethanol to the scale, shake well, according to the UV-visible spectrophotometric method (General rule 0401) to determine the maximum absorption at 259nm wavelength.

（4）取八角茴香对照药材1g，照〔鉴别〕（2）项下的供试品溶液制备方法，制成对照药材溶液。另取茴香醛对照品，加 无水乙醇制成每1ml含10μl的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取〔鉴别〕（2）项下的供试品溶液及上述两种对照溶液各5～10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G 薄层板上，以石油醚（30～60℃） -丙酮-乙酸乙酯（19∶1∶1） 为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以间苯三酚盐酸试液。供试 品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的橙色至橙红色斑点。
(4) Take 1g of anise control herb, according to the method of test solution preparation under [Identification] (2), make control herb solution. Take anisaldehyde control, add anhydrous ethanol to make a solution containing 10μl per 1ml, as the control solution. According to thin-layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb [identification] (2) under the test solution and the above two control solution of 5 ~ 10μl, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, with petroleum ether (30 ~ 60 ℃) - acetone - ethyl acetate (19:1:1) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, sprayed with m-phenyltriacontin hydrochloric acid test solution. In the chromatogram of the test article, spots of the same colour are shown in the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control article; in the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control article, spots of the same orange to orange-red colour are shown.

含量测定 Content Determination

挥发油 volatile oil

照挥发油测定法（通则2204） 测定。
The volatile oil content is determined according to the method of determination of volatile oil (General Rule 2204).

本品含挥发油不得少于4. 0%（ml/g）。
The volatile oil content in the drug shall not be less than 4.0% (ml/g).

反式茴香脑 trans-anethole

照气相色谱法（通则0521）测定。
The content of trans-anethole is determined by gas chromatography (General Rule 0521).

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

聚乙二醇20000（ PEG - 20M）毛细管柱（柱长为30m，内径为0.32mm，膜厚度为0.25μm）；程序升温：初始温度100℃ ，以每分钟5℃的速率升温至200℃ ，保持8分钟；进样口温度200℃，检测器温度 200℃。理论板数按反式茴香脑峰计算应不低于30000。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: PEG-20M capillary column (30m in length, 0.32mm in inner diameter, and 0.25μm in film thickness); temperature program: initial temperature 100°C, increase at a rate of 5°C per minute to 200°C, hold for 8 minutes; injection port temperature 200°C, detector temperature 200°C. The theoretical plate number calculated from the peak of trans-anethole should not be less than 30000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取反式茴香脑对照品适量，精密称定，加乙醇制成每1ml含0.4mg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of reference solution: Take an appropriate amount of trans-anethole reference substance, accurately weigh, add ethanol to make a solution containing 0.4mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，精密加入乙醇25ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率 600W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Preparation of test solution: Take about 0.5g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve) of the drug, accurately weigh, add ethanol 25ml, weigh again, treat with ultrasound (power 600W, frequency 40kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各2μl， 注入气相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Determination method: Precisely aspirate 2μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the gas chromatograph, and determine.

本品含反式茴香脑（C10H12O）不得少于4.0%。
The content of trans-anethole (C10H12O) in the drug shall not be less than 4.0%.

性 Property

温。
warm in nature.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾、脾、胃经。
It enters the Liver, Kidney, Spleen, and Stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

温阳散寒，理气止痛。
It warms the Yang, dispels cold, regulates Qi, and relieves pain.

主治 Indications

用于寒疝腹痛，肾虚腰痛，胃寒呕吐，脘腹冷痛。
It is used for cold hernia abdominal pain, kidney deficiency low back pain, cold vomiting, and cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3～6g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Store in a cool and dry place.

八角茴香

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木兰科植物八角茴香Illicium verum Hookf.的干燥成熟果实。秋、冬二季果实由绿变黄时采摘，置沸水中略烫后干燥或直接干燥。
Chinese Star Anise is the dried ripe fruit of Illicium verum Hook. f. (Fam. Magnoliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn and winter when the fruit turns from green to yellow, and dried after treated with boiling water for a moment or dried directly.

性状 Description

本品为聚合果，多由8个蓇葖果组成，放射状排列于中轴上。蓇葖果长1～2cm，宽0.3～0.5cm，高0.6～lcm；外表面红棕色，有不规则皱纹，顶端呈鸟喙状，上侧多开裂；内表面淡棕色，平滑，有光泽；质硬而脆。果梗长3～4cm，连于果实基部中央，弯曲，常脱落。每个蓇葖果含种子1粒，扁卵圆形，长约6mm，红棕色或黄棕色，光亮，尖端有种脐；胚乳白色，富油性。气芳香，味辛、甜。
Aggregate fruit, composed of 8 follicles radiated from the central axis. Follicles 1-2 cm long, 0. 3-0. 5 cm wide, 0. 6-1 cm high; outer surface reddish-brown, irregularly wrinkled, summit beaked, upper part mostly dehiscent; inner surface pale brown, smooth and lustrous. Texture hard and fragile. Fruits talk 3-4 cm long, connected to the centre at base of the fruit, curved, usually fallen off. Each follicle containing a flattened-ovoid seed, about 6 mm long, reddish-brown or yellowish-brown, lustrous, with a hilum at the acute end; endosperm white, oily. Odour, aromatic; taste, pungent and sweet.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末红棕色。内果皮栅状细胞长柱形，长200～546μm，壁稍厚，纹孔口十字状或人字状。种皮石细胞黄色，表面观类多角形，壁极厚，波状弯曲，胞腔分枝状，内含棕黑色物；断面观长方形，壁不均匀增厚。果皮石细胞类长方形、长圆形或分枝状，壁厚。纤维长，单个散在或成束，直径29～60μm，壁木化，有纹孔。中果皮细胞红棕色，散有油细胞。内胚乳细胞多角形，含脂肪油滴和糊粉粒。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加石油醚（60～90℃）-乙醚（1：1）混合溶液15ml，密塞，振摇15分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加无水乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。吸取供试品溶液2μl，点于硅胶G薄层板上，挥干，再点加间苯三酚盐酸试液2μl，即显粉红色至紫红色的圆环。

检查 Examination

含量测定 Assay

挥发油 Volatile oils

照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。
It contains not less than 4. 0 per cent (ml/g) of the volatile oil.

反式茴香脑 Trans-anethole

照气相色谱法（通则0521）测定。
Carry out the method for gas chromatography〈0521〉.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic system and system suitability

聚乙二醇20000（PEG-20M）毛细管柱（柱长为30m，内径为0.32mm，膜厚度为0.25μm）；程序升温：初始温度100℃，以每分钟5℃的速率升温至200℃，保持8分钟；进样口温度200℃，检测器温度200℃。理论板数按反式茴香脑峰计算应不低于30000。
Use a polyethylene glycol 20000 (PEG-20M) capillary column (30 m × 0. 32 mm × 0. 25 μm). Initial temperature at 100℃, then increase at 5℃ per minute to 200℃ and maintain 8 minutes. The injector temperature is 200℃ and the detector temperature is 200℃. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 30 000, calculated with reference to the peak of trans-anethole.

对照品溶液的制备 Reference solution

取反式茴香脑对照品适量，精密称定，加乙醇制成每1ml含0.4mg的溶液，即得。
Weigh accurately a quantity of trans-anethole CRS, dissolved in the ethanol to produce a solution of 0. 4 mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，精密加入乙醇25ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率600W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Weigh accurately 0. 5 g of the powder (through No. 3 sieve), add accurately 25 ml of ethanol, weigh and ultrasonicate (power 600 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 30 minutes, allow to cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of the solvent with ethanol, mix well, filter and collect the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 Procedure

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各2μl，注入气相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Inject accurately 2 μl of each of the reference solution and test solution into column, respectively, and calculate the content.

本品含反式茴香脑（C10H12O）不得少于4.0%。
It contains not less than 4. 0 per cent of trans-anethole (C10H12O), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛，温。归肝、肾、脾、胃经。
Warm; pungent. Liver, kidney, spleen and stomach meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

温阳散寒，理气止痛。用于寒疝腹痛，肾虚腰痛，胃寒呕吐，脘腹冷痛。
To warm yang, dissipate cold, regulate qi and relieve pain. Used for cold abdominal colic and pain, kidney deficiency lumbago, vomiting caused by stomach cold, and cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～6g。
3-6 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.