人参叶

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.的干燥叶。秋季采收，晾干或烘干。
Ginseng Leaf is the dried leaf of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (Fam. Araliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, dried in the shade or dried by baking.

性状 Description

本品常扎成小把，呈束状或扇状，长12～35cm。 掌状复叶带有长柄，暗绿色，3～6枚轮生。小叶通常5枚，偶 有7或9枚，呈卵形或倒卵形。基部的小叶长2～8cm，宽1～ 4cm；上部的小叶大小相近，长4～16cm，宽2～7cm。基部楔形，先端渐尖，边缘具细锯齿及刚毛，上表面叶脉生刚毛，下表面叶脉隆起。纸质，易碎。气清香，味微苦而甘。
The drug is usually tied into small bundles, in the shape of a bundle or a fan, 12-35 cm long. Palmately compound leaf with a long petiole, dark green, 3-6 leaflets arranged in a whorl. Leaflets usually 5, occasionally 7 or 9, ovate or obovate. Basal leaflets 2-8 cm long, 1-4 cm wide; upper leaflets similar in size, 4-16 cm long, 2-7 cm wide. Base cuneate, apex gradually acuminate, margin finely serrate and with stiff hairs, upper surface of leaf veins with stiff hairs, lower surface of leaf veins raised. Texture, fragile. Odour, fragrant; taste, slightly bitter and sweet.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄绿色。上表皮细胞形状不规则， 略呈长方形，长35～92μm，宽32～60μm，垂周壁波状或深波状。下表皮细胞与上表皮相似，略小；气孔不定式，保卫细胞长31～35μm。叶肉无栅栏组织，多由4层类圆形薄壁细胞组成，直径18～29μm，含叶绿体或草酸钙簇晶，草酸钙簇晶直径12～40μm，棱角锐尖。
(1) The powder is yellowish-green. The upper epidermal cells are irregular in shape, slightly rectangular, 35-92μm long, 32-60μm wide, with wavy or deep wavy periclinal walls. The lower epidermal cells are similar to the upper epidermal cells, slightly smaller; stomata are anomocytic, guard cells are 31-35μm long. The mesophyll lacks palisade tissue and is composed of 4 layers of circular thin-walled cells, 18-29μm in diameter, containing chloroplasts or clusters of calcium oxalate crystals, the clusters of calcium oxalate crystals are 12-40μm in diameter, with sharp edges.

（2）取本品粉末0. 2g，置10ml具塞刻度试管中，加水 1ml，使成湿润状态，再加以水饱和的正丁醇5ml，摇匀，室温 下放置48小时，取上清液加3倍量以正丁醇饱和的水，摇匀，静置使分层（必要时离心），取上层液作为供试品溶液。另取人参皂苷Rg1对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品，加乙醇制成每 1ml各含2.5mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-乙酸乙酯-水（4 : 1 : 5）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在 105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 0.2g of the powder, place it in a 10ml graduated test tube, add 1ml of water to make it moist, then add 5ml of water-saturated n-butanol, shake well, place at room temperature for 48 hours, take the supernatant and add 3 times the volume of water-saturated n-butanol, shake well, let it stand to form layers (if necessary, centrifuge), and take the upper layer as the test solution. Take ginsenoside Rg1 reference substance, ginsenoside Re reference substance, dissolve them in ethanol to make a mixed solution containing 2.5mg per 1ml, as the reference solution. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> by taking 10μl of each of the above two solutions, spot them separately on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use the upper layer solution of n-butanol-acetic ether-water (4:1:5) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray with a 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat at 105°C until the spots are clearly visible. The chromatogram of the test solution shows spots of the same colour at the corresponding positions as the chromatogram of the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液（20∶80）为流动相；检测波长为203nm。理论板数按人参皂苷Re峰计算应不低于1500。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution (20:80) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 203nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of ginsenoside Re should not be less than 1500.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取人参皂苷Rg1对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇分别制成每1ml含人参皂苷Rg1 0.25mg、人参皂苷Re 0.5mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of ginsenoside Rg1 reference substance and ginsenoside Re reference substance, accurately weigh, and dissolve in methanol to prepare a solution containing 0.25mg of ginsenoside Rg1 and 0.5mg of ginsenoside Re per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末约0.2g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加三氯甲烷30ml，加热回流1小时，弃去三氯甲烷液，药渣挥去三氯甲烷，加甲醇30ml，加热回流3小时，提取液低温蒸干，加水10ml使溶解，加石油醚（30～60℃）提取2次，每次10ml，弃去醚液，水液通过D101型大孔吸附树脂柱（内径为1.5cm，柱长为15cm），以水50ml洗脱，弃去水 液。再用20%乙醇50ml洗脱，弃去20%乙醇洗脱液，继用 80%乙醇80ml洗脱，收集洗脱液70ml，蒸干，残渣加甲醇溶解，转移至10ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.2g of the powder of this product, accurately weigh, place it in a Soxhlet extractor, add 30ml of chloroform, heat reflux for 1 hour, discard the chloroform liquid, evaporate the residue to remove chloroform, add 30ml of methanol, heat reflux for 3 hours, evaporate the extract at low temperature, dissolve it in 10ml of water, extract with petroleum ether (30-60°C) twice, each time with 10ml, discard the ether liquid, pass the aqueous solution through a D101 macroporous adsorption resin column (inner diameter 1.5cm, column length 15cm), elute with 50ml of water, discard the eluate. Then elute with 50ml of 20% ethanol, discard the eluate of 20% ethanol, and continue to elute with 80% ethanol, collect 70ml of eluate, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in methanol, transfer to a 10ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取上述两种对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Precisely aspirate 10μl of the above two types of reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品含人参皂苷Rg1（C42H72O14）和人参皂苷 Re（C48H82O18）的总量不得少于2.25%。
The total content of ginsenoside Rg1 (C42H72O14) and ginsenoside Re (C48H82O18) in this product should not be less than 2.25%.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦、甘。
Bitter, sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、胃经。
Lung and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

补气，益肺，祛暑，生津。
Tonify qi, nourish the lungs, dispel summer heat, and generate body fluids.

主治 Indications

用于气虚咳嗽， 暑热烦躁，津伤口渴，头目不清，四肢倦乏。
Used for deficiency of qi with cough, restlessness due to summer heat, thirst due to fluid injury, unclear head and eyes, and fatigue of the limbs.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

不宜与藜芦、五灵脂同用。
Not suitable for use with Chenopodium ambrosioides and Croton tiglium.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防潮。
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from moisture.

人参叶

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.的干燥叶。秋季采收，晾干或烘干。
Ginseng Leaf is the dried leaf of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (Fam. Araliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, and dried in the air or baked.

性状 Description

本品常扎成小把，呈束状或扇状，长12～35cm。掌状复叶带有长柄，暗绿色，3～6枚轮生。小叶通常5枚，偶有7或9枚，呈卵形或倒卵形。基部的小叶长2～8cm，宽1～4cm，上部的小叶大小相近，长4～16cm，宽2～7cm。基部楔形，先端渐尖，边缘具细锯齿及刚毛，上表面叶脉生刚毛，下表面叶脉隆起。纸质，易碎。气清香，味微苦而甘。
Usually in small bundles, sheaf-shaped or fan-shaped, 12-35 cm long. Leaves palmately compound, long petioled, dark green, 3-6 verticillate. Leaflets usually 5, occasionally 7 or 9, ovate or obovate, the ones at the base 2-8 cm long, 1-4 cm wide; the upper ones similar in size, 4-16 cm long, 2-7 cm wide, cuneate at the base, tapering at the apex, margin serrulate and bristly, veins on the upper surface bristly, and veins on the lower surface prominent. Texture papery, easily broken. Odour, delicately aromatic; taste, slightly bitter and sweet.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄绿色。上表皮细胞形状不规则，略呈长方形，长35～92μm，宽32～60μm，垂周壁波状或深波状。下表皮细胞与上表皮相似，略小；气孔不定式，保卫细胞长31～35μm。叶肉无栅栏组织，多由4层类圆形薄壁细胞组成，直径18～29μm，含叶绿体或草酸钙簇晶，草酸钙簇晶直径12～40μm，棱角锐尖。
（2）取本品粉末0.2g，置10ml具塞刻度试管中，加水1ml，使成湿润状态，再加以水饱和的正丁醇5ml，摇匀，室温下放置48小时，取上清液加3倍量以正丁醇饱和的水，摇匀，静置使分层（必要时离心），取上层液作为供试品溶液。另取人参皂苷Rg1对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品，加乙醇制成每1ml各含2.5mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-乙酸乙酯-水（4：1：5）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture.

饮片 Prepared slices

人参叶 Ginseng Leaf

用法与用置 Administration and dosage

3～9g。
3-9 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

不宜与藜芦、五灵脂同用。
Incompatible with Veratri Nigri Radix et Rhizoma, Trogopterori Faeces.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦、甘。
Bitter and sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、胃经。
Lung, stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

补气，益肺，祛暑，生津。
To tonify qi, replenish the lung, dispel summerheat, and engender fluid.

主治 Indications

用于气虚咳嗽，暑热烦躁，津伤口渴，头目不清，四肢倦乏。
Cough caused by qi deficiency, vexation, restlessness caused by summerheat, thirsty caused by fluid damage, mental confusion, blurred vision, and fatigue of the limbs.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～9g。
3-9 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture.