豌豆，中药名。为豆科豌豆属豌豆Pisumsativum的种子。植物豌豆，全国各地均有栽培。具有和中下气，通乳利水，解毒之功效。主治消渴，吐逆，泄利腹胀，霍乱转筋，乳少，脚气水肿，疮痈。
Pea. Th, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. seed of the plant Pisum sativum in the legume family. The plant peas are cultivated all over the country. It has the effects of regulating the middle and lower energizer, promoting lactation and diuresis, and detoxification. It is mainly used to treat diabetes, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal distension, cholera with convulsions, insufficient lactation, beriberi and edema, and carbuncle.

本天然药材为鹿科动物林麝 Moschus berezovskii Flerov、马麝 Moschus sifanicus Przewalski 或原麝 Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus 成熟雄体香囊。野麝多在冬季至次春猎取，猎获后，割取香囊，阴干，习称“毛壳麝香”；剖开香囊，除去囊壳，习称“麝香仁”。家麝直接从其香囊中取岀麝香仁，阴干或用干燥器密闭干燥。
This product is the musk gland of mature male deer species such as Moschus berezovskii Flerov, Moschus sifanicus Przewalski, or Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus. Wild musk deer are often hunted from winter to the following spring. After capture, the musk gland is removed and air-dried, commonly referred to as "hairy shell musk". If the musk gland is cut open and the gland shell is removed, it is commonly referred to as "musk kernel". For domestic musk deer, the musk kernel is directly extracted from its musk gland and air-dried or dried in a sealed dryer.

阿胶

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为马科动物驴Equus asinus L.的干燥皮或鲜皮经煎煮、浓缩制成的固体胶。
Donkey-hide Gelatin is the solid gelatin prepared by decocting and concentrating the dried skin or fresh skin of the donkey, an animal of the Equidae family.

制法 Preparation

将驴皮浸泡去毛，切块洗净，分次水煎，滤过，合并滤液，浓缩（可分别加入适量的黄酒、冰糖及豆油）至稠膏状，冷凝，切块，晾干，即得。
The donkey skin is soaked to remove the hair, cut into pieces and washed. It is decocted in water in several portions, filtered, and the filtrate is combined. The combined filtrate is concentrated (with the addition of appropriate amounts of yellow rice wine, rock sugar, and soybean oil) to obtain a thick paste. The paste is cooled, cut into pieces, and dried to obtain the final product.

性状 Description

本品呈长方形块、方形块或丁状。棕色至黑褐色，有光泽。质硬而脆，断面光亮，碎片对光照视呈棕色半透明状。气微，味微甘。
Donkey-hide Gelatin is in the form of rectangular blocks, square blocks, or pieces. It is brown to dark brown in color and has a glossy appearance. The texture is hard and brittle, and the fractured surface is shiny. When the fragments are held up to the light, they appear brown and translucent. It has a slight odor and a slightly sweet taste.

鉴别 Identification

取本品粉末0.1g，加1%碳酸氢铵溶液50ml，超声处理30分钟，用微孔滤膜滤过，取续滤液100μl，置微量进样瓶中，加胰蛋白酶溶液10μl（取序列分析用胰蛋白酶，加1%碳酸氢铵溶液制成每1ml中含1mg的溶液，临用时配制），摇匀，37℃恒温酶解12小时，作为供试品溶液。另取阿胶对照药材0.1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照〔含量测定〕特征多肽项下色谱、质谱条件试验，选择质荷比（m/z）539.8（双电荷）→612.4和m/z539.8（双电荷）→923.8作为检测离子对。取阿胶对照药材溶液，进样5μl，按上述检测离子对测定的MRM色谱峰的信噪比均应大于3:1。吸取供试品溶液5μl，注入高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪，测定。以质荷比（m/z）539.8（双电荷）→612.4和m/z539.8（双电荷）→923.8离子对提取的供试品离子流色谱中，应同时呈现与对照药材色谱保留时间一致的色谱峰。
Take 0.1g of the powder, add 50ml of 1% ammonium bicarbonate solution, and sonicate for 30 minutes. Filter the solution through a microporous membrane, take 100μl of the filtrate, and place it in a microsampling bottle. Add 10μl of trypsin solution (prepare a solution containing 1mg of trypsin per ml of 1% ammonium bicarbonate solution for sequence analysis, and prepare it before use). Shake well and incubate at 37°C for 12 hours to obtain the test solution. Take 0.1g of the reference drug Ejiao, and prepare a solution using the same method as the test solution. Perform the test according to the chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions under the characteristic peptide item in the determination of content. Select the mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) 539.8 (double charge)→612.4 and m/z 539.8 (double charge)→923.8 as the detection ion pairs. Take 5μl of the Ejiao reference drug solution and inject it into the high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument for analysis. In the ion flo w chromatogram extracted with the ion pairs of m/z 539.8 (double charge)→612.4 and m/z 539.8 (double charge)→923.8, a chromatographic peak with the same retention time as the reference drug should be present.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

取本品1g，精密称定，加水2ml，加热溶解后，置水浴上蒸干，使厚度不超过2mm，照水分测定法（通则0832第二法）测定，不得过15.0%。
Take 1g of the sample, accurately weigh, add 2ml of water, dissolve by heating, evaporate on a water bath until the thickness does not exceed 2mm, and determine according to the method for water determination <0832, method 2>, not more than 15.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

重金属及有害元素 Heavy metals and harmful elements

照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测定，铅不得过5mg/kg；镉不得过0.3mg/kg；砷不得过2mg/kg，汞不得过0.2mg/kg，铜不得过20mg/kg。
Determine according to the method for determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper <2321, atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry>. The lead content should not exceed 5mg/kg; the cadmium content should not exceed 0.3mg/kg; the arsenic content should not exceed 2mg/kg; the mercury content should not exceed 0.2mg/kg; and the copper content should not exceed 20mg/kg.

水不溶物 Insoluble matter

取本品1.0g，精密称定，加水5ml，加热使溶解，转移至已恒重10ml具塞离心管中，用温水5ml分3次洗涤，洗液并入离心管中，摇匀。置40℃水浴保温15分钟，离心（转速为每分钟2000转）10分钟，去除管壁浮油，倾去上清液，沿管壁加入温水至刻度，离心，如法清洗3次，倾去上清液，离心管在105℃加热2小时，取出，置干燥器中冷却30分钟，精密称定，计算，即得。
Take 1.0g of the sample, accurately weigh, add 5ml of water, heat to dissolve, transfer to a centrifuge tube with a constant weight of 10ml, wash with 5ml of warm water in 3 portions, combine the washings into the centrifuge tube, shake well. Keep warm in a 40°C water bath for 15 minutes, centrifuge (at a speed of 2000 rpm) for 10 minutes, remove the floating oil on the tube wall, pour off the supernatant along the tube wall, add warm water to the mark along the tube wall, centrifuge, repeat the washing process 3 times, pour off the supernatant, heat the centrifuge tube at 105°C for 2 hours, take out, cool in a desiccator for 30 minutes, accurately weigh, calculate, and obtain the result.

饮片 Prepared slices

阿胶 Donkey-hide gelatin

炮制 Processing

捣成碎块。
Crush into small pieces.

性状 Appearance

本品呈不规则块状，大小不一。其余同药材。
The product is irregular in shape and varies in size. The rest is the same as the medicinal material.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Same as the medicinal material, not more than 10.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

阿胶珠 Donkey-hide gelatin pill

炮制 Processing

取阿胶，烘软，切成1cm左右的丁，照炒法（通则0213）用蛤粉烫至成珠，内无溏心时，取出，筛去蛤粉，放凉。
Take donkey-hide gelatin, heat and soften it, cut it into pieces about 1cm in size, use the frying method <0213> to cook with clam powder until it forms a pill, remove it when there is no uncooked part inside, sieve off the clam powder, and let it cool.

性状 Appearance

本品呈类球形。表面棕黄色或灰白色，附有白色粉末。体轻，质酥，易碎。断面中空或多孔状，淡黄色至棕色。气微，味微甜。
The product is spherical. The surface is brownish-yellow or grayish-white with white powder attached. It is light in weight, crisp in texture, and fragile. The cross-section is hollow or porous, pale yellow to brown. It has a slight odor and a slightly sweet taste.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Same as the medicinal material, not more than 10.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.

含量测定 Content determination

氨基酸 Amino acids

同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝、肾经。

功能 Actions

补血滋阴，润燥，止血。
Nourishes blood and nourishes yin, moisturizes dryness, and stops bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于血虚萎黄，眩晕心悸，肌痿无力，心烦不眠，虚风内动，肺燥咳嗽，劳嗽咯血，吐血尿血，便血崩漏，妊娠胎漏。
Used for blood deficiency and withered yellow, dizziness and palpitations, muscular atrophy and weakness, restlessness and insomnia, deficiency wind stirring internally, lung dryness cough, cough with blood due to exertion, vomiting blood and hematuria, bleeding and collapse, and threatened abortion during pregnancy.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9g.

用法 Administration

烊化兑服。
Closed and blended.

贮藏 Storage

密闭。
Store in a sealed container.