紫菀

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物紫菀Aster tataricus L. f.的干燥根和根茎。春、秋二季采挖，除去有节的根茎（习称“母根”）和泥沙，编成辫状晒干，或直接晒干。
Aster Root and Rhizome is the dried root and rhizome of Aster tataricus L. f. (Fam. Compositae). It is collected in spring and autumn, removed from the rhizome with nodes (known as "mother root") and impurities, and dried in braids or directly in the sun.

性状 Description

本品根茎呈不规则块状，大小不一，顶端有茎、叶的残基；质稍硬。根茎簇生多数细根，长3～15cm，直径0.1～0.3cm，多编成辫状；表面紫红色或灰红色，有纵皱纹；质较柔韧。气微香，味甜、微苦。
Rhizomes irregularly shaped, various in size, with remnants of stems and leaves at the top; texture slightly hard. Rhizomes clustered with numerous fine roots, 3-15cm long, 0.1-0.3cm in diameter, often braided; surface purple-red or grayish-red, with longitudinal wrinkles; texture relatively soft and flexible. Odour, slightly fragrant; taste, sweet and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品根横切面∶表皮细胞多萎缩或有时脱落，内含紫红色色素。下皮细胞1列，略切向延长，侧壁及内壁稍厚，有的含紫红色色素。皮层宽广，有细胞间隙；分泌道4～6个，位于皮层内侧；内皮层明显。中柱小，木质部略呈多角形；韧皮部束位于木质部弧角间；中央通常有髓。
（1）The transverse section of the rhizome: epidermal cells mostly shriveled or sometimes detached, containing purple-red pigments. Subepidermal cells in one row, slightly elongated tangentially, with slightly thickened side walls and inner walls, some containing purple-red pigments. Cortex wide, with intercellular spaces; 4-6 secretory ducts located on the inner side of the cortex; endodermis distinct. Pith small, wood slightly polygonal; phloem bundles located between the arcs of the wood; usually with pith in the center.

根茎表皮有腺毛，皮层散有石细胞和厚壁细胞。根和根茎薄壁细胞含菊糖，有的含草酸钙簇晶。
Rhizome epidermis with glandular hairs, cortex scattered with stone cells and thick-walled cells. Thin-walled cells in roots and rhizomes contain inulin, and some contain clusters of calcium oxalate crystals.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇25ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙酸乙酯1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫菀酮对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各3μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（9∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 25ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of ethyl acetate as the test solution. Take asterone CRS, dissolve in ethyl acetate to produce a solution containing 1mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C)and ethyl acetate(9:1)as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 3μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate,dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under daylight and ultraviolet light at 365nm. The spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过15.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于45.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, not less than 45.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（96∶4）为流动相；检测波长为200nm；柱温40℃。理论板数按紫菀酮峰计算应不低于3500。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water (96:4) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 200nm; column temperature 40°C. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of artemisinin should not be less than 3500.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取紫菀酮对照品适量，精密称定，加乙腈制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of artemisinin reference substance, accurately weigh, add acetonitrile to make a solution containing 0.1mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇20ml，称定重量，40℃温浸1小时，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）15分钟，取出，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 1g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20ml of methanol, weigh, immerse at 40°C for 1 hour, ultrasonicate (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) for 15 minutes, take out, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 20μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含紫菀酮（C30H50O）不得少于0.15%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of artemisinin (C30H50O) should not be less than 0.15%.

饮片 Prepared slices

紫菀 Artemisia annua

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切厚片或段，干燥。
Remove impurities, wash, slightly moisten, cut into thick slices or sections, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的厚片或段。根外表皮紫红色或灰红色，有纵皱纹。切面淡棕色，中心具棕黄色的木心。气微香，味甜，微苦。
This product is irregular thick slices or segments. The outer epidermis of the root is purplish-red or grayish-red with longitudinal wrinkles. The cut surface is pale brown with a brownish-yellow wooden core in the center. The gas is slightly fragrant, sweet and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

蜜紫菀 Honey-fried Artemisia annua

炮制 Processing

取紫菀片（段），照蜜炙法（通则0213）炒至不粘手。
Take the slices of Artemisia annua (sections), fry them according to the method of honey-fried <0213> until they are not sticky.

性状 Description

本品形如紫菀片（段），表面棕褐色或紫棕色。有蜜香气，味甜。
This product is similar to the slices of Artemisia annua (sections), with a brownish or purplish-brown surface. It has a honey aroma and a sweet taste.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。不得过16.0%。
Same as the crude drug. Not more than 16.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材，含紫菀酮（C30H50O）不得少于0.10%。
Same as the crude drug, the content of artemisinin (C30H50O) should not be less than 0.10%.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺经。
Lung meridian.

功能 Actions

润肺下气，消痰止咳。
Nourish the lungs and descend qi, resolve phlegm and stop coughing.

主治 Indications

用于痰多喘咳，新久咳嗽，劳嗽咳血。
Used for cough with abundant phlegm, acute or chronic cough, and cough with blood due to lung deficiency.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防潮。
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from moisture.

紫菀

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物紫菀Aster tataricus L.f.的干燥根和根茎。春、秋二季采挖，除去有节的根茎（习称“母根”）和泥沙，编成辫状晒干，或直接晒干。
Tatarian Aster Root is the dried root and rhizome of Aster tataricus L. f. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in spring or autumn, removed from the knotty rhizome and soil, braided and dried in the sun, or dried in the sun directly.

性状 Description

本品根茎呈不规则块状，大小不一，顶端有茎、叶的残基；质稍硬。根茎簇生多数细根，长3～15cm，直径0.1～0.3cm，多编成辫状；表面紫红色或灰红色，有纵皱纹；质较柔韧。气微香，味甜、微苦。
Rhizomes in irregular masses, varying in size, apex with remains of stems and leaves. Texture slightly hard. Numerous rootlets fasciculated on rhizomes, 3-15 cm long, 0.1-0.3 cm in diameter, frequently braided; externally purplish-red or greyish-red, with longitudinal wrinkles. Texture flexible. Odour, slightly aromatic ； taste, sweet and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品根横切面：表皮细胞多萎缩或有时脱落，内含紫红色色素。下皮细胞1列，略切向延长，侧壁及内壁稍厚，有的含紫红色色素。皮层宽广，有细胞间隙；分泌道4～6个，位于皮层内侧；内皮层明显。中柱小，木质部略呈多角形；韧皮部束位于木质部弧角间；中央通常有髓。
根茎表皮有腺毛，皮层散有石细胞和厚壁细胞。根和根茎薄壁细胞含菊糖，有的含草酸钙簇晶。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过15.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于45.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201 , the hot extraction method >, not less than 45.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（96：4）为流动相；检测波长为200nm；柱温40℃。理论板数按紫菀酮峰计算应不低于3500。

饮片 Prepared slices

紫菀 Tatarian Aster

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切厚片或段，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

本品呈不规则的厚片或段。根外表皮紫红色或灰红色，有纵皱纹。切面淡棕色，中心具棕黄色的木心。气微香，味甜，微苦。
In irregular thick slices or sections. Root externally purplish-red or greyish-red, with longitudinal wrinkles. Cut surface pale brown, with a brownish-yellow wood part in centre. Odour, slightly aromatic； taste, sweet and slightly bitter.

蜜紫菀 Asteris Radix (stir-baked 'with honey )

取紫菀片（段），照蜜炙法（通则0213）炒至不粘手。
Stir-bake the slices of Asteris Radix as described under the method of stir-baking with honey<0213>until no more sticky to fingers.

本品形如紫菀片（段），表面棕褐色或紫棕色。有蜜香气，味甜。
The shape similar to the slices or sections, externally brown or purplish-brown. With honey aromatic odour； taste, sweet.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过16.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 16.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含紫菀酮（C30H50O）不得少于0.10%。
Same as the crude drug, it contains not less than 0.10 per cent of shionone (C30H50O).

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛、苦，温。归肺经。
Warm； pungent, bitter. Meridian tropism Lung meridian.

功能与主治 Actions

润肺下气，消痰止咳。用于痰多喘咳，新久咳嗽，劳嗽咳血。
To moisten the lung, direct qi downward, resolve phlegm and suppress cough. Indications Profuse sputum, wheezing, acute or chronic cough, and cough in consumptive disease with hemo-ptysis.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

5～10g。
5-10 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture.