紫苏子

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为唇形科植物紫苏Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Perilla Fruit is the dried mature fruit of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (Fam. Labiatae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is mature, removed from impurities, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈卵圆形或类球形，直径约1.5mm。表面灰棕色或灰褐色，有微隆起的暗紫色网纹，基部稍尖，有灰白色点状果梗痕。果皮薄而脆，易压碎。种子黄白色，种皮膜质，子叶2，类白色，有油性。压碎有香气，味微辛。
The fruit is ovate or nearly spherical, about 1.5mm in diameter. The surface is grayish-brown or grayish-brown, with slightly raised dark purple reticulate veins. The base is slightly pointed, with grayish-white dotted fruit stalk scars. The fruit peel is thin and brittle, easily crushed. The seeds are yellowish-white, with membranous seed coat, and the cotyledons are 2, whitish, and oily. It has a fragrant aroma when crushed and a slightly pungent taste.

鉴别 Identification

(1)本品粉末灰棕色。种皮表皮细胞断面观细胞极扁平，具钩状增厚壁；表面观呈类椭圆形，壁具致密雕花钩纹状增厚。外果皮细胞黄棕色，断面观细胞扁平，外壁呈乳突状；表面观呈类圆形，壁稍弯曲，表面具角质细纹理。内果皮组织断面观主为异型石细胞，呈不规则形；顶面观呈类多角形，细胞间界限不分明，胞腔星状。内胚乳细胞大小不一，含脂肪油滴；有的含细小草酸钙方晶。子叶细胞呈类长方形，充满脂肪油滴。
(1)This product is powdered gray-brown. The cross-sectional view of the epidermal cells of the seed coat is extremely flattened, with hook-like thickened walls; The surface is oval-shaped, and the walls are densely carved and hook-like thickened. The exocarp cells are yellowish-brown, the cross-sectional cells are flattened, and the outer wall is papillae; The surface is round-like, with slightly curved walls and a fine keratin texture on the surface. The endocarp tissue is mainly a heterotype stone cell in cross-section, which is irregularly shaped; The top view is polygonal, with unclear intercellular boundaries and a stellate cavity. Inner endosperm cells vary in size and contain fatty oil droplets; Some contain fine calcium oxalate cubic crystals. Cotyledons are rectangular in shape and filled with fatty oil droplets.

(2)取本品粉末1g，加甲醇25ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫苏子对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正己烷-甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（2∶5∶2.5∶0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2)Take 1g of powder of this product, add 25ml of methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 1ml of methanol to the residue to dissolve it as a test solution. In addition, 1g of perilla seeds were taken as a control medicinal material, and a control medicinal material solution was made by the same method. According to the thin layer chromatography <2302> test, 2μl of each of the above two solutions was absorbed, which were respectively placed on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, and n-hexane-toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (2:5:2.5:0.5) was used as the developing solvent, expanded, taken out, dried, sprayed with aluminum trichloride test solution, and placed under ultraviolet light (365nm) for inspection. In the chromatography of the test sample, spots of the same color are displayed at the corresponding position of the chromatography of the control medicinal material.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过8.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
It was determined by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液（40∶60）为流动相；检测波长为330nm。理论板数按迷迭香酸峰计算应不低于3000。
Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as filler; methanol-0.1% formic acid solution (40∶60) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength is 330nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the calculation of the rosmarinic acid peak.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取迷迭香酸对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含80μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of rosmarinic acid reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 80μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入80%甲醇50ml，密塞，称定重量，加热回流2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用80%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product (through the second sieve), weigh it accurately, place it in an Erlenmeyer flask with a stopper, add 50ml of 80% methanol accurately, plug it, weigh it, heat and reflux it for 2 hours, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with 80% methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
10μl of the reference solution and 20μl of the test solution were accurately absorbed, injected into the liquid chromatograph, and measured.

本品按干燥品计算，含迷迭香酸（C18H16O8）不得少于0.25%。
This product is calculated as a dry product, and the content of rosmarinic acid (C18H16O8) shall not be less than 0.25%.

饮片 Prepared slices

紫苏子 Perilla Fruit

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Remove impurities, wash and dry.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

炒紫苏子 Fried Perilla Fruit

炮制 Processing

取净紫苏子，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至有爆声。
Take Perilla Fruit and fry them according to the clear stir-fry method <0213> until there is a burst sound.

性状 Description

本品形如紫苏子，表面灰褐色，有细裂口，有焦香气。
This product is shaped like perilla seeds, the surface is gray-brown, there are fine cracks, and there is a burnt aroma.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过2.0%。
Same as the crude drug. Not more than 2.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材，含迷迭香酸（C18H16O8）不得少于0.20%。
Same as the crude drug. Contains rosmarinic acid (C18H16O8) not less than 0.20%.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺经。
Lung meridian.

功能 Actions

降气化痰，止咳平喘，润肠通便。
Lowers gas and dissolves phlegm, relieves cough and asthma, moistens the intestines and laxatives.

主治 Indications

用于痰壅气逆，咳嗽气喘，肠燥便秘。
Used for phlegm, qi reversal, cough and asthma, intestinal dryness and constipation.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Place in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.

紫苏子

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为唇形科植物紫苏Perilla frutescens（L.）Britt.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Perilla Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Perilla frutescens (L) Britt. (Fam. Labiatae). The drug is collected in autumn when ripe, removed from foreign matter, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈卵圆形或类球形，直径约1.5mm。表面灰棕色或灰褐色，有微隆起的暗紫色网纹，基部稍尖，有灰白色点状果梗痕。果皮薄而脆，易压碎。种子黄白色，种皮膜质，子叶2，类白色，有油性。压碎有香气，味微辛。
Ovoid or subspherical, about 1.5 mm in diameter. Externally greyish-brown, with dark purple and slightly protuberant reticulate striations, base slightly acute, with greyish-white and pointed fruit stalk scar. Pericarp thin and fragile, easily broken. Seeds yellowish-white, testa membranous, cotyledons 2, whitish and oily. Odour, aromatic by pressing taste, slightly pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰棕色。种皮表皮细胞断面观细胞极扁平，具钩状增厚壁；表面观呈类椭圆形，壁具致密雕花钩纹状增厚。外果皮细胞黄棕色，断面观细胞扁平，外壁呈乳突状；表面观呈类圆形，壁稍弯曲，表面具角质细纹理。内果皮组织断面观主为异型石细胞，呈不规则形；顶面观呈类多角形，细胞间界限不分明，胞腔星状。内胚乳细胞大小不一，含脂肪油滴；有的含细小草酸钙方晶。子叶细胞呈类长方形，充满脂肪油滴。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇25ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫苏子对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正己烷-甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（2：5：2.5：0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过8.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液（40：60）为流动相；检测波长为330nm。理论板数按迷迭香酸峰计算应不低于3000。

对照品溶液的制备
取迷迭香酸对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含80μg的溶液，即得。

供试品溶液的制备
取本品粉末（过二号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入80%甲醇50ml，密塞，称定重量，加热回流2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用80%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

本品按干燥品计算，含迷迭香酸（C18H16O8）不得少于0.25%。
It contains not less than 0.25 per cent of rosmarinic acid (C18H16O8), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

紫苏子 Perilla Fruit

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, and dry.

炒紫苏子 Stir-baked Perilla Fruit

取净紫苏子，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至有爆声。
Stir-baked the clean Perilla Fruit as described under the method for simple stir-baking <0213> until the drug burst.

本品形如紫苏子，表面灰褐色，有细裂口，有焦香气。
Similar to the crude drug in shape, externally greyish brown, with fine cracks. With charred scent.

【检查】水分
同药材，不得过2.0%。

【含量测定】同药材，含迷迭香酸（C18H16O8）不得少于0.20%o
Assay It contains not less than 0.20 per cent of rosmarinic acid (C18H16O8), following the method for the crude drug.

【鉴别】同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug.

【性味与归经】辛，温。归肺经。
Property and Flavor Warm; pungent.

【功能与主治】降气化痰，止咳平喘，润肠通便。用于痰壅气逆，咳嗽气喘，肠燥便秘。
Actions To direct qi downward, resolve phlegm, suppress cough, relieve wheezing, moisten the intestines, and relax the bowels.

【用法与用量】3～10g。
Administration and dosage 3-10 g.

【贮藏】置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Storage Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.