棕榈

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为棕榈科植物棕榈Trachycarpus fortunei（Hook. f.）H. Wendl.的干燥叶柄。采棕时割取旧叶柄下延部分和鞘片，除去纤维状的棕毛，晒干。
Trachycarpus Petiole is the dried petiole of Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook. f.) H. Wendl. (Fam. Palmae). The drug is collected by cutting off the lower part of the old petiole and sheath of the leaf, removing fibrous brown hairs, and drying in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈长条板状，一端较窄而厚，另端较宽而稍薄，大小不等。表面红棕色，粗糙，有纵直皱纹；一面有明显的凸出纤维，纤维的两侧着生多数棕色茸毛。质硬而韧，不易折断，断面纤维性。气微，味淡。
Trachycarpus Petiole is long and plate-like, with one end narrower and thicker, and the other end wider and slightly thinner, varying in size. The surface is reddish-brown, rough, with longitudinal and vertical wrinkles; one side has obvious protruding fibers, and both sides of the fibers are covered with brownish hairs. The texture is hard and tough, not easily broken, and the fracture is fibrous. It has a slight odor and a mild taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末红棕色至褐棕色。纤维成束，细长，直径12～15μm，其外侧薄壁细胞含细小的草酸钙簇晶，形成晶纤维。气孔直轴式或不定式，副卫细胞5～6个。可见网纹导管、螺纹导管及梯纹管胞。
（1）The powder of this product is reddish-brown to brownish-brown. The fibers are bundled, slender, with a diameter of 12-15μm. The thin-walled cells on the outer side of the fibers contain small clusters of calcium oxalate, forming crystal fibers. The stomata are straight or indefinite, with 5-6 subsidiary cells. Tracheids with reticulate, spiral, and ladder-like wall thickenings can be seen.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加水20ml，加热5分钟，滤过，滤液用水稀释成20ml。取滤液1ml，加三氯化铁试液2～3滴，即生成污绿色絮状沉淀；另取滤液1ml，加氯化钠明胶试液3滴，即显白色浑浊。
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 20ml of water, heat for 5 minutes, filter, and dilute the filtrate with water to 20ml. Take 1ml of the filtrate, add 2-3 drops of ferric chloride test solution, and a dirty green flocculent precipitate is formed; take another 1ml of the filtrate, add 3 drops of sodium chloride gelatin test solution, and a white turbidity appears.

饮片 Prepared slices

棕榈 Trachycarpus Petiole

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash, and dry.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

棕榈炭 Trachycarpus Petiole (carbonized)

炮制 Processing

取净棕榈，照煅炭法（通则0213）制炭。
Carbonize the clean Trachycarpus Petiole as described under the method for carbonizing by calcining <0213>.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则块状，大小不一。表面黑褐色至黑色，有光泽，有纵直条纹；触之有黑色炭粉。内部焦黄色，纤维性。略具焦香气，味苦涩。
Irregular pieces, varying in size. Externally dark brown to black, lusterous, with longitudinal wrinkles; when toughing, black toner in hand. Internal coke yellow, fibrous. Odour, burnt aromatic; taste, bitter and astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黑色。纤维成束，黑褐色，周围细胞含草酸钙方晶，形成晶纤维。梯纹导管，直径约25μm。
（1）Powder: Black brown. Fibres bundled, black brown, surrounded with parenchymatous cells containing prisms of calcium oxalate, forming crystal fibres. Scalariform vessels are about 25 µm in diameters.

（2）取本品粉末5g，加甲醇50ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取原儿茶醛对照品、原儿茶酸对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含0.2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-正丁醇-冰醋酸（20︰1︰1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铁试液。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的淡墨绿色斑点。
（2）To 5g of the powder, add 50ml of methanol, ultrasonicate for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol, as the test solution. Dissolvel Protocatechuic aldehyde CRS and Protocatechuic acid CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.2mg of each per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform, n-butanol and glacial acetic acid (20 : 1 : 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 5µl of each of the above two solutions to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with ferric chloride TS. The dark-green spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

苦、涩。
Bitter and astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝、大肠经。
Lung, liver, and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

收敛止血。
To astringe and stop bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于吐血，衄血，尿血，便血，崩漏。
Used for vomiting blood, nosebleed, hematuria, bloody stool, and metrorrhagia and metrostaxis.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9g.

用法 Administration

一般炮制后用。
Generally used after processing.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

棕榈

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为棕榈科植物棕榈Trachycarpus fortunei（Hook，f.）H.Wendl.的干燥叶柄。采棕时割取旧叶柄下延部分和鞘片，除去纤维状的棕毛，晒干。
Fortune Windmillpalm Petiole is the dried petiole of Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook.f.) H. Wendl. (Fam. Palmae). The drug is collected from the old decurrent petiole and sheath, removed from palm fibre, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈长条板状，一端较窄而厚，另端较宽而稍薄，大小不等。表面红棕色，粗糙，有纵直皱纹；一面有明显的凸出纤维，纤维的两侧着生多数棕色茸毛。质硬而韧，不易折断，断面纤维性。气微，味淡。
Long plate-shaped, one end narrow and thick, another one broad and thin, varying in size. Externally reddish-brown, rough, with longitudinal wrinkles; prominent fibres distinct on one surface, both sides of fibres bearing numerous brown hairs. Texture hard and pliable, uneasily broken, fracture fibrous. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末红棕色至褐棕色。纤维成束，细长，直径12～15μm，其外侧薄壁细胞含细小的草酸钙簇晶，形成晶纤维。气孔直轴式或不定式，副卫细胞5～6个。可见网纹导管、螺纹导管及梯纹管胞。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加水20ml，加热5分钟，滤过，滤液用水稀释成20ml。取滤液1ml，加三氯化铁试液2～3滴，即生成污绿色絮状沉淀；另取滤液1ml，加氯化钠明胶试液3滴，即显白色浑浊。

饮片 Prepared slices

棕榈 Fortune Windmillpalm

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, and dry.

性状 Description

和鉴别同药材。
Description and Identification As required for the crude drug.

棕榈炭 Fortune Windmillpalm (carbonized)

取净棕榈，照煅炭法（通则0213）制炭。
Carbonize the clean Petiolus Trachycarpi as described under the method for carbonizing by calcining 〈0213〉.

本品呈不规则块状，大小不一。表面黑褐色至黑色，有光泽，有纵直条纹；触之有黑色炭粉。内部焦黄色，纤维性。略具焦香气，味苦涩。
Irregular pieces, varying in size. Externally dark brown to black, lusterous, with longitudinal wrinkles; when touching, black toner in hand. Internal coke yellow, fibrous. Odour, burnt aromatic; taste, bitter and astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黑色。纤维成束，黑褐色，周围细胞含草酸钙方晶，形成晶纤维。梯纹导管，直径约25μm。
（2）取本品粉末5g，加甲醇50ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取原儿茶醛对照品、原儿茶酸对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含0.2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-正丁醇-冰醋酸（20：1：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铁试液。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的淡墨绿色斑点。

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦、涩，平。
Bitter, astringent; neutral.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝、大肠经。
Lung, liver, and large intestine meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

收敛止血。用于吐血，衄血，尿血，便血，崩漏。
To stop bleeding with astringent. Used for hematemesis, epistaxis, hematuria, bloody stool, and menstrual flooding and spotting.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～9g，一般炮制后用。
3-9 g, usually used after being processed.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.