藏山药，中药名。为薯蓣科植物三角叶薯蓣Dioscorea deltoidea Wall.ex Griseb.的根茎。具有补脾胃，益肺肾的功效。主治脾虚泄泻，肺虚久咳，肾虚遗精，消渴。
Cang-shan-yao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the rhizome of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall.ex Griseb., a plant of the Dioscoreaceae family. It has the functions of tonifying the spleen and stomach, nourishing the lungs and kidneys. It is mainly used for treating spleen deficiency diarrhea, long-term cough due to lung deficiency, kidney deficiency leading to spermatorrhea, and thirst due to kidney deficiency.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

补脾胃，益肺肾。
Tonify the spleen and stomach, nourish the lungs and kidneys.

主治 Indications

脾虚泄泻，肺虚久咳，肾虚遗精，消渴。
Spleen deficiency causing diarrhea, long-term cough due to lung deficiency, spermatorrhea due to kidney deficiency, and polydipsia.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-15g；或入丸、散。
Internal administration: Decoction, 6-15g; or in pill or powder form.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

块根、根茎均含薯蓣皂甙元，β-谷甾醇。根茎还含三角叶薯蓣甙，三角叶薯蓣混甙，薯蓣皂甙，薯蓣皂甙元三葡萄糖甙。
Both the tuberous roots and rhizomes contain diosgenin and beta-sitosterol. The rhizomes also contain dioscin, dioscorea mixture saponins, diosgenin saponins, and diosgenin triglucoside.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：8-10月采挖洗净，切片，晒干。
Harvesting and processing: harvest from August to October, wash, slice, and dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：薯蓣科植物三角叶薯蓣。
Plant species: Dioscorea bulbifera, a plant of the Dioscoreaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

三角叶薯蓣缠绕草质藤本。根茎横生，姜块状。茎新鲜时绿色，干后紫褐色，有明显的纵条纹。单叶互生；有柄，柄长4-10cm；叶片三角状心形或三角状戟形，通常3裂，中间裂片先端渐尖，两侧裂片呈圆耳状，干后不变黑，背面沿叶脉密被白色硬毛。花单性，雌雄异株；雄花常2朵簇生，排列于花序轴上，组成穗状花序；苞片膜质，圆卵形，先端尖；花被杯状，先端6裂；雄蕊6，着生于花被管基部，花药呈个字形着生；雌花序与雄花序基本相似，惟雄蕊退化成花丝状。蒴果长宽相等，先端凹入，成熟后果实表面密生紫褐色斑点；种子卵圆形，四周环有不等宽的膜质翅。花期5-6月，果期6-9月。
Dioscorea bulbifera is a twining herbaceous vine. The rhizomes grow horizontally and are ginger-like in appearance. Fresh stems are green, turning purplish-brown when dried, with distinct longitudinal stripes. Leaves are alternate, petiolate (petiole 4–10 cm long), blade triangular-cordate or triangular-sagittate, usually 3-lobed, with the central lobe gradually tapering at the apex and lateral lobes rounded-auriculate. When dried, the underside remains non-blackened and densely covered with white stiff hairs along the veins. Flowers are unisexual and plants are dioecious. Male flowers often occur in pairs along the inflorescence axis, forming a spike. Bracts are membranous, broadly ovate, and acute. The perianth is cup-shaped, 6-lobed at the apex. Six stamens are attached at the base of the floral tube, with anthers arranged in a "cross" shape. The female inflorescence resembles the male, but the stamens are reduced to thread-like rudiments. Capsules are nearly spherical, equal in length and width, with a concave apex. Mature fruits bear dense purplish-brown spots. Seeds are ovoid, surrounded by an uneven membranous wing. Flowering occurs from May to June, fruiting from June to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于云南、西藏等地。
Distributed in Yunnan, Tibet, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔2000-4000m的灌木丛中及沟谷阔叶林中。
Grows in shrublands and broad-leaved forests in valleys and gullies at altitudes of 2000–4000 meters.