饿蚂蝗，中药名。为豆科植物饿蚂蝗DesmodiummultiflorumDC.的全株。分布于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南、西藏等地。具有活血止痛，解毒消肿之功效。常用于脘腹疼痛，小儿疳积，妇女干血痨，腰扭伤，创伤，尿道炎，腮腺炎，毒蛇咬伤。
Ephedra (E, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. a-huang), the whole plant of Desmodium multiflorum DC., a leguminous plant. It is distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, and other places. It has the functions of promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, detoxification, and reducing swelling. It is commonly used for abdominal pain, pediatric malnutrition, women's dry blood consumption, lumbar sprains, wounds, urethritis, parotitis, and snake bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

活血止痛，解毒消肿。
Promoting blood circulation to relieve pain, detoxifying and reducing swelling.

主治 Indications

脘腹疼痛，小儿疳积，妇女干血痨，腰扭伤，创伤，尿道炎，腮腺炎，毒蛇咬伤。
Epigastric pain, pediatric malnutrition, dry blood consumption in women, lumbar sprain, trauma, urethritis, parotitis, snakebite.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-30g。外用：适量，鲜品捣敷；或取汁涂。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-30g. External use: appropriate amount, apply fresh mashed product; or extract juice for topical application.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《贵州草药》：“补虚弱，活血，镇痛。”

1. "Guizhou Herbal Medicine": "Tonify weakness, activate blood circulation, relieve pain."

2、《广西中草药》：“消食止痛，解蛇毒。治胃痛，小儿疳积，毒蛇咬伤。”
2. "Guangxi Herbal Medicine": "Promote digestion, alleviate pain, counteract snake venom. Treat stomach pain, infantile malnutrition, snake bites."

3、《福建药物志》：“清热利尿，解毒消肿，消食破积。治胃痛，小儿疳积，中暑，尿道炎，腮腺炎，淋巴腺炎，毒蛇咬伤。”
3. "Fujian Materia Medica": "Clear heat, promote diuresis, detoxify and reduce swelling, aid digestion and disperse accumulation. Treat stomach pain, infantile malnutrition, heatstroke, urethritis, parotitis, lymphadenitis, snake bites."

临床应用 Clinical Application

治疗胃脘腹痛，小儿消化不良，中暑，尿道炎，腮腺炎，淋巴腺炎和虫蛇咬伤等。
Treatment for epigastric pain, pediatric indigestion, heatstroke, urethritis, parotitis, lymphadenitis, and insect/snake bites, etc.

相关配伍 Relevant Herbal Combinations

治小儿疳积：饿蚂蝗30g，和猪肉炖汤服。（《全国中草药汇编》）
Treatment for infantile malnutrition: Take 30g of E'mahuang, stew with pork in soup and consume. (From "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，切段，晒干或鲜用。
Harvest in summer or autumn, cut into sections, dry in the sun or use fresh.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：茎枝圆柱形，直径约3mm，表面具纵棱。可见三出复叶，顶端小叶较大，长5.5-9cm，宽3.5-5cm，椭圆状倒卵形，先端钝或急尖，具硬尖，基部楔形，全缘，枯绿色，下表面具柔毛，质脆。有时可见总状花序或荚果，荚果长1.5-2.4cm，腹缝线具缢缩，背缝线深波状，有4-7节，表面密被褐色绢状毛。气微，具豆腥气。
The characteristics of the medicinal material: The stem is cylindrical, about 3mm in diameter, with longitudinal ridges on the surface. Trifoliate leaves are visible, with the terminal leaflet being larger, measuring 5.5–9cm in length and 3.5–5cm in width, obovate-elliptic in shape, blunt or acute at the apex with a hard tip, wedge-shaped at the base, entire margins, dried green color, softly hairy on the lower surface, and brittle in texture. Sometimes racemes or pods can be seen; the pod is 1.5–2.4cm long, with constricted ventral sutures, deeply wavy dorsal sutures, 4–7 segments, and densely covered with brown silky hairs on the surface. It has a faint odor with a beany smell.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：豆科植物饿蚂蝗。
Botanical species: Desmodium multiflorum (L.) DC., a plant of the Fabaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

饿蚂蝗，又名多花山蚂蝗。直立灌木，高1-2米。多分枝，幼枝具棱角，密被淡黄色至白色柔毛，老时渐变无毛。叶为羽状三出复叶，小叶3；托叶狭卵形至卵形，长4-11毫米，宽1.5-2.5毫米；叶柄长1.5-4厘米，密被绒毛；小叶近革质，椭圆形或倒卵形，顶生小叶长5-10厘米，宽3-6厘米，侧生小叶较小，先端钝或急尖，具硬细尖，基部楔形、钝或稀为圆形，上面几无毛，干时常呈黑色，下面多少灰白，被贴伏或伸展丝状毛，中脉尤密，侧脉每边6-8条，直达叶缘，明显；小托叶狭三角形，长1-3毫米，宽0.3-0.8毫米；小叶柄长约2毫米，被绒毛。花序顶生或腋生，顶生者多为圆锥花序，腋生者为总状花序长可达18厘米；总花梗密被向上丝状毛和小钩状毛；花常2朵生于每节上；苞片披针形，长约1厘米，被毛；花梗长约5毫米，结果时稍增长，被直毛和钩状毛；花萼长约4.5毫米，密被钩状毛，裂片三角形，与萼筒等长；花冠紫色，旗瓣椭圆形、宽椭圆形至倒卵形，长8-11毫米，翼瓣狭椭圆形，微弯曲，长8-14毫米，具瓣柄，龙骨瓣长7-10毫米，具长瓣柄；雄蕊单体，长6-7毫米；雌蕊长约9毫米，子房线形，被贴伏柔毛。荚果长15-24毫米，腹缝线近直或微波状，背缝线圆齿状，有荚节4-7，荚节倒卵形，长3-4毫米，宽约3毫米，密被贴伏褐色丝状毛。花期7-9月，果期8-10月。
Desmodium multiflorum, also known as multi-flowered tick-trefoil, is an erect shrub growing 1–2 meters tall. It is highly branched, with angular young branches densely covered with light yellow to white soft hairs, becoming sparsely hairy with age. Leaves are pinnately trifoliate with three leaflets; stipules are narrowly ovate to ovate, 4–11 mm long and 1.5–2.5 mm wide; petioles are 1.5–4 cm long, densely covered with tomentose hairs. Leaflets are nearly leathery, elliptic or obovate, terminal leaflet 5–10 cm long, 3–6 cm wide, lateral leaflets smaller, apex blunt or acute with a fine hard tip, base wedge-shaped, blunt, or rarely rounded; upper surface nearly glabrous, often turning black when dry, lower surface grayish-white, covered with appressed or spreading silky hairs, especially dense along the midvein, with 6–8 pairs of lateral veins reaching the margin distinctly. Small stipules are narrowly triangular, 1–3 mm long, 0.3–0.8 mm wide; petiolules about 2 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescences are terminal or axillary; terminal ones mostly panicles, axillary ones racemes up to 18 cm long; peduncles densely covered with upward-pointing silky and hooked hairs. Flowers usually 2 per node; bracts lanceolate, ~1 cm long, hairy; pedicels ~5 mm long, slightly elongating in fruit, covered with straight and hooked hairs; calyx ~4.5 mm long, densely hooked-hairy, lobes triangular, equaling the tube; corolla purple, standard petal elliptic, broadly elliptic to obovate, 8–11 mm long; wing petals narrow elliptic, slightly curved, 8–14 mm long with claws; keel petals 7–10 mm long with long claws; stamens monadelphous, 6–7 mm long; pistil ~9 mm long, ovary linear, covered with appressed soft hairs. Pods 15–24 mm long, ventral suture nearly straight or slightly undulate, dorsal suture scalloped, with 4–7 joints, each joint obovate, 3–4 mm long, ~3 mm wide, densely covered with appressed brown silky hairs. Flowering from July to September, fruiting from August to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南、西藏等地。
Distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔600-2300m的山坡草地或林缘。
Found on mountain grasslands or forest edges at altitudes of 600–2300 meters.