鹿角

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鹿科动物马鹿Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 或梅花鹿Cervus nippon Temminck 已骨化的角或锯茸后翌年春季脱落的角基，分别习称“马鹿角”“梅花鹿角”“鹿角脱盘”。多于春季拾取，除去泥沙，风干。
Deer Antler refers to the ossified antler or the antler base shed in the following spring after sawing, which comes from the deer family animals such as Cervus elaphus Linnaeus or Cervus nippon Temminck. They are commonly known as "Deer Antler," "Sika Deer Antler," and "Shed Deer Antler." They are mostly collected in spring, cleaned of mud and sand, and dried in the wind.

性状 Description

马鹿角 呈分枝状，通常分成4～6枝，全长50～120cm。主枝弯曲，直径3～6cm。基部盘状，上具不规则瘤状突起，习称“珍珠盘”，周边常有稀疏细小的孔洞。侧枝多向一面伸展，第一枝与珍珠盘相距较近，与主干几成直角或钝角伸出，第二枝靠近第一枝伸出，习称“坐地分枝”；第二枝与第三枝相距较远。表面灰褐色或灰黄色，有光泽，角尖平滑，中、下部常具疣状突起，习称“骨钉”，并具长短不等的断续纵棱，习称“苦瓜棱”。质坚硬，断面外圈骨质，灰白色或微带淡褐色，中部多呈灰褐色或青灰色，具蜂窝状孔。气微，味微咸。
Deer Antler It is branched, usually divided into 4-6 branches, with a total length of 50-120 cm. The main branch is curved, with a diameter of 3-6 cm. The base is disc-shaped, with irregular nodular protrusions on the top, commonly known as "pearl disc," and there are often sparse small holes around it. The side branches extend mostly to one side, with the first branch close to the pearl disc, and the second branch extends near the first branch, known as "sitting branch"; the second branch is far from the third branch. The surface is gray-brown or gray-yellow, shiny, the tip of the antler is smooth, the middle and lower parts often have wart-like protrusions, known as "bone nails," and there are intermittent longitudinal ridges of varying lengths, known as "bitter melon ridges." The texture is hard, the outer ring of the fracture is bone, gray-white or slightly brownish, the middle part is mostly gray-brown or bluish-gray, and it has a honeycomb-like pore structure. It has a slight odor and a slightly salty taste.

梅花鹿角 通常分成3～4枝，全长30～60cm，直径2.5～5cm。侧枝多向两旁伸展，第一枝与珍珠盘相距较近，第二枝与第一枝相距较远，主枝末端分成两小枝。表面黄棕色或灰棕色，枝端灰白色。枝端以下具明显骨钉，纵向排成“苦瓜棱”，顶部灰白色或灰黄色，有光泽。
Sika Deer Antler It is usually divided into 3-4 branches, with a total length of 30-60 cm and a diameter of 2.5-5 cm. The side branches extend to both sides, with the first branch close to the pearl disc and the second branch far from the first branch. The main branch is divided into two small branches at the end. The surface is yellow-brown or gray-brown, and the end of the branch is gray-white. Below the end of the branch, there are obvious bone nails arranged longitudinally in the shape of "bitter melon ridges." The top is gray-white or gray-yellow and has a lustrous appearance.

鹿角脱盘 呈盔状或扁盔状，直径3～6cm（珍珠盘直径4.5～6.5cm），高1.5～4cm。表面灰褐色或灰黄色，有光泽。底面平，蜂窝状，多呈黄白色或黄棕色。珍珠盘周边常有稀疏细小的孔洞。上面略平或呈不规则的半球形。质坚硬，断面外圈骨质，灰白色或类白色。
Shed Deer Antler It is helmet-shaped or flat helmet-shaped, with a diameter of 3-6 cm (pearl disc diameter 4.5-6.5 cm) and a height of 1.5-4 cm. The surface is gray-brown or gray-yellow and has a lustrous appearance. The bottom is flat and honeycomb-like, mostly yellow-white or yellow-brown. There are often sparse small holes around the pearl disc. The top is slightly flat or irregularly hemispherical. The texture is hard, and the outer ring of the fracture is bone, gray-white or whitish.

浸出物 Extractives

取供试品横切片约10g，粉碎成中粉，混匀，取约4g，精密称定，置烧杯中，加水90ml，加热至沸，并保持微沸1小时（随时补足减失的水量），趁热滤过，残渣用热水10ml洗涤，滤过，合并滤液，转移至100ml量瓶中，加水至刻度，摇匀；精密量取25ml，置已干燥至恒重的蒸发皿中，照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于17.0%。
Take about 10g of the cross-section of the test material, crush it into medium powder, mix well, take about 4g, accurately weigh it, place it in a beaker, add 90ml of water, heat to boiling, and maintain a slight boil for 1 hour (add water to make up for the loss at any time). Filter while hot, wash the residue with 10ml of hot water, filter, combine the filtrate, transfer it to a 100ml volumetric flask, add water to the mark, and shake well. Accurately take 25ml, place it in an evaporating dish that has been dried to a constant weight, and carry out the determination by the hot maceration method under the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201>. The content should not be less than 17.0%.

饮片 Prepared slices

鹿角 Deer Antler

炮制 Processing

洗净，锯段，用温水浸泡，捞出，镑片，晾干；或锉成粗末。
Clean, saw into sections, soak in warm water, remove, pound into slices, and dry; or file into coarse powder.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

咸。
Salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肾、肝经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

温肾阳，强筋骨，行血消肿。
To warm the kidney yang, strengthen tendons and bones, promote blood circulation, and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

用于肾阳不足，阳痿遗精，腰脊冷痛，阴疽疮疡，乳痈初起，瘀血肿痛。
Used for deficiency of kidney yang, impotence and premature ejaculation, cold pain in the waist and back, yin ulcers and sores, initial stage of breast abscess, and blood stasis swelling and pain.

用量 Dosage

6～15g。
6-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

鹿角

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鹿科动物马鹿Cervus elaphus Linnaeus或梅花鹿Cervus nippon Temminck (Fam. Cervidae)已骨化的角或锯茸后翌年春季脱落的角基，分别习称“马鹿角”、“梅花鹿角”、“鹿角脱盘”。多于春季拾取，除去泥沙，风干。
Deer Horn is the ossified antler, or antler base which fallen off in the next spring after the pilose antler is cut, of Ceruus elaphus Linnaeus or Cervus nippon Temminck (Fam. Cervidae), commonly known as “malujiao (red deer antler)”, “Meihualujiao (sika deer antler)”, “Lujiao tuopan (dropped disk of antler)” respectively. The drug is collected in spring, removed from mud and sand, dried in air.

性状 Description

马鹿角 Malujiao

呈分枝状，通常分成4～6枝，全长50～120cm。主枝弯曲，直径3～6cm。基部盘状，上具不规则瘤状突起，习称“珍珠盘”，周边常有稀疏细小的孔洞。侧枝多向一面伸展，第一枝与珍珠盘相距较近，与主干几成直角或钝角伸出，第二枝靠近第一枝伸出，习称“坐地分枝”；第二枝与第三枝相距较远。表面灰褐色或灰黄色，有光泽，角尖平滑，中、下部常具疣状突起，习称“骨钉”，并具长短不等的断续纵棱，习称“苦瓜棱”。质坚硬，断面外圈骨质，灰白色或微带淡褐色，中部多呈灰褐色或青灰色，具蜂窝状孔。气微，味微咸。
Branched, usually divided into 4-6 branches, 50-120 cm in total length. The main branch curved, 3-6 cm in diameter. The plate-like basal part with irregular protuberances, commonly known as “Zhen-zhupan” (pearl plate), usually with sparse small pores at the margin of the plate. The side branches mostly stretched toward one side. The first side branch near the pearl plate, almost in right angle or in obtuse angle to the main branch; and the second branch stretched near the first one, commonly known as “Zuodifenzhi” (branches sit on the ground); the second branch is relatively apart from the third one. Externally greyish-brown or greyish-yellow, lustrous, tip smooth; the middle and lower parts usually with warty tubercles known as “Guding” (bony nail) and interrupted longitudinal ridges varying in length, commonly known as “Kugualeng” (balsam pear ridges). Texture hard. The outer part of the fracture bony, greyish-white or slightly brown, the central part usually greyish-brown or slaty, with honeycomb-like pores. Odour, slight; taste, slightly salty.

梅花鹿角 Meihualujiao

通常分成3～4枝，全长30～60cm，直径2.5～5cm。侧枝多向两旁伸展，第一枝与珍珠盘相距较近，第二枝与第一枝相距较远，主枝末端分成两小枝。表面黄棕色或灰棕色，枝端灰白色。枝端以下具明显骨钉，纵向排成“苦瓜棱”，顶部灰白色或灰黄色，有光泽。
Usually divided into 3-4 branches, 30-60 cm in total length, 2. 5-5 cm in diameter. The side branches mostly stretched towards two sides. The first side branch near the pearl plate, the second one relatively apart from the first one. The end of the main branch divided into two small branches. Externally yellowish-brown or greyish-brown, the end of branches greyish-white, with distinct bony nails below the end of branches, and longitudinally arranged in the form of “Kugualeng”. The tip of the bony nails greyish-white or greyish-yellow, lustrous.

鹿角脱盘 Lujiaotuopan

呈盔状或扁盔状，直径3～6cm（珍珠盘直径4.5～6.5cm），高1.5～4cm。表面灰褐色或灰黄色，有光泽。底面平，蜂窝状，多呈黄白色或黄棕色。珍珠盘周边常有稀疏细小的孔洞。上面略平或呈不规则的半球形。质坚硬，断面外圈骨质，灰白色或类白色。
In helmet or flattened helmet, 3-6 cm in diameter (pearl plate 4. 5-6. 5 cm in diameter), 1. 5-4 cm high. Externally greyish-brown or greyish-yellow, lustrous. Bottom surface even, honeycomb-like, mostly yellowish-white or yellowish-brown. The margin of the pearl plate usually with sparse small pores. The upper surface slightly even or irregular semispheroidal in shape. Texture hard. The outer part of the fracture bony, greyish-white or whitish.

浸出物 Extractives

取供试品横切片约10g，粉碎成中粉，混匀，取约4g，精密称定，置烧杯中，加水90ml，加热至沸，并保持微沸1小时（随时补足减失的水量），趁热滤过，残渣用热水10ml洗涤，滤过，合并滤液，转移至100ml量瓶中，加水至刻度，摇匀；精密量取25ml，置已干燥至恒重的蒸发皿中，照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于17.0%。
Pulverize about 10 g of the transverse slices to a powder, and mix well. Weigh accurately 4 g into a beaker, add 90ml of water, heat to boil and keeps light boiling for l hour (replenish the lost water constantly), filter while hot, wash the residue with 10 ml of hot water, filter. Combine the filtrate to a 100 ml volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume. Measure accurately 25ml of the solution, carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives<2201, the hot extraction method>, not less than 17. 0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

鹿角 Deer Horn

炮制 Processing

洗净，锯段，用温水浸泡，捞出，镑片，晾干；或锉成粗末。
Wash clean, saw into sections, soak in warm water, take out, cut into slices and dry in air; or powder with a file.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

咸。
Salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肾、肝经。
Kidney and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

温肾阳，强筋骨，行血消肿。
To warm the kidney yang, strengthen sinew and bone, move blood and relieve swelling.

主治 Indications

用于肾阳不足，阳痿遗精，腰脊冷痛，阴疽疮疡，乳痈初起，瘀血肿痛。
Deficiency of kidney yang, impotence and seminal emission, cold pain in the lower back and spine, yin flat-abscesses, sore and ulcer, early onset of acute mastitis, static blood with swelling and pain.

用量 Dosage

6～15g。
6-15 g.

用法 Administration

无特殊要求。
No special requirements.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.