桃仁

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蔷薇科植物桃Prunus persica（L.）Batsch或山桃Prunus davidiana（Carr.）Franch.的干燥成熟种子。果实成熟后采收，除去果肉和核壳，取出种子，晒干。
Peach Kernel is the dried mature seed of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch or Prunus davidiana (Carr.) Franch. (Fam. Rosaceae). The fruit is collected when ripe, the flesh and shell are removed, and the seed is dried in the sun.

性状 Description

桃仁 本品呈扁长卵形，长1.2～1.8cm，宽0.8～1.2cm，厚0.2～0.4cm。表面黄棕色至红棕色，密布颗粒状突起。一端尖，中部膨大，另端钝圆稍偏斜，边缘较薄。尖端一侧有短线形种脐，圆端有颜色略深不甚明显的合点，自合点处散出多数纵向维管束。种皮薄，子叶2，类白色，富油性。气微，味微苦。
Peach Kernel is oblong-ovate, measuring 1.2-1.8 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide, and 0.2-0.4 cm thick. The surface is yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, densely covered with granular protrusions. One end is pointed, the middle is swollen, and the other end is blunt and slightly oblique, with a thin edge. There is a short linear hilum on one side of the pointed end, and a slightly darker and inconspicuous chalaza on the rounded end, from which numerous longitudinal vascular bundles radiate. The seed coat is thin, and the cotyledons are 2, pale and oily. It has a slight odor and a slightly bitter taste.

山桃仁 呈类卵圆形，较小而肥厚，长约0.9cm，宽约0.7cm，厚约0.5cm。
Mountain Peach Kernel is oval-shaped, smaller and thicker, measuring about 0.9 cm long, 0.7 cm wide, and 0.5 cm thick.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品种皮粉末（或解离）片：桃仁 石细胞黄色或黄棕色，侧面观贝壳形、盔帽形、弓形或椭圆形，高54～153μm，底部宽约至180μm，壁一边较厚，层纹细密；表面观类圆形、圆多角形或类方形，底部壁上纹孔大而较密。
Powdered (or dissociated) skin flakes of this species: Peach Kernel Stone cells are pale yellow, orange-yellow, or orange-red. When viewed from the side, they are shell-shaped, rectangular, elliptical, or elongated, measuring 81-198 (279) μm in height and about 128 (198) μm in width. When viewed from the surface, they are round, hexagonal, elongated polygonal, or square, with uneven thickness of the basal wall and small pits.

山桃仁 石细胞淡黄色、橙黄色或橙红色，侧面观贝壳形、矩圆形、椭圆形或长条形，高81～198（279）μm，宽约至128（198）μm；表面观类圆形、类六角形、长多角形或类方形，底部壁厚薄不匀，纹孔较小。
Hickory nuts Stone cells yellowish, orange-yellow or orange-red, shell-shaped, rectangular, ellipsoid or elongate in lateral view, 81 to 198 (279) μm high, to about 128 (198) μm wide; orbicular, hexagonal, long polygonal, or squarish in surface view, with uneven thicknesses of the wall at the base, and with small striated pores.

（2）取本品粗粉2g，加石油醚（60～90℃）50ml，加热回流1小时，滤过，弃去石油醚液，药渣再用石油醚25ml洗涤，弃去石油醚，药渣挥干，加甲醇30ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取苦杏仁苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（15∶40∶22∶10）5～10℃放置12小时的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，立即喷以磷钼酸硫酸溶液（磷钼酸2g，加水20ml使溶解，再缓缓加入硫酸30ml，混匀），在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
To 2g of the coarse powder, add 50 ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C), heat under reflux for 1 hour, filter, discard the petroleum ether, wash the residue with 25 ml of petroleum ether, discard the petroleum ether, and dry the residue. Add 30 ml of methanol, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, and filter. Take the filtrate as the test solution. Prepare a solution of amygdalin CRS in methanol to contain 2 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water (15:40:22:10) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of phosphomolybdic acid in sulfuric acid (2 g of phosphomolybdic acid dissolved in 20 ml of water, then slowly add 30 ml of sulfuric acid with stirring), heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and color to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过7.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

酸败度 Acid value

照酸败度测定法（通则2303）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of acid value <2303>.

酸值 Acid value

不得过10.0。
Not more than 10.0.

羰基值 Carbonyl value

不得过11.0。
Not more than 11.0.

重金属及有害元素 Heavy metals and harmful elements

照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测定，铅不得过5mg/kg；镉不得过1mg/kg；砷不得过2mg/kg；汞不得过0.2mg/kg；铜不得过20mg/kg。
Carry out the method for determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper <2321> (atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The limit for lead is not more than 5 mg/kg; for cadmium, not more than 1 mg/kg; for arsenic, not more than 2 mg/kg; for mercury, not more than 0.2 mg/kg; for copper, not more than 20 mg/kg.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxins

照真菌毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of aflatoxins <2351>.

本品每1000g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5µg，黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1的总量不得过10µg。
The content of aflatoxin B1 in 1000 g of the product is not more than 5 µg, and the total content of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2, and aflatoxin B1 is not more than 10 µg.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（20∶80）为流动相；检测波长为210nm。理论板数按苦杏仁苷峰计算应不低于3000。
The chromatographic conditions and system suitability test are as follows: use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water (20:80) as the mobile phase; and detect at a wavelength of 210 nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated from the amygdalin peak should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取苦杏仁苷对照品适量，精密称定，加70%甲醇制成每1ml含苦杏仁苷80μg的溶液，即得。
Prepare a solution of amygdalin CRS by accurately weighing an appropriate amount, dissolving it in 70% methanol to obtain a solution containing 80 μg of amygdalin per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粗粉约0.3g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，加石油醚（60～90℃）50ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，弃去石油醚液，药渣及滤纸挥干溶剂，放入原锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过。精密量取续滤液5ml，置10ml量瓶中，加50%甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Prepare a solution of the test substance by accurately weighing about 0.3 g of the coarse powder, placing it in a stoppered conical flask, adding 50 ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C), heating under reflux for 1 hour, cooling, filtering, discarding the petroleum ether, and drying the residue and filter paper. Place the residue in the original conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of 70% methanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 70% methanol, shake well, and filter. Accurately measure 5 ml of the subsequent filtrate, place it in a 10 ml volumetric flask, add 50% methanol to the mark, and shake well.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Carry out the method for determination of high-performance liquid chromatography by accurately aspirating 10 μl of each of the solutions of the reference substance and the test substance into the liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含苦杏仁苷（C20H27NO11）不得少于2.0%。
Calculate the content of amygdalin (C20H27NO11) in the product on the dried basis, which should not be less than 2.0%.

饮片 Prepared slices

桃仁 Persicae Semen

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。用时捣碎。
Eliminate foreign matter and crush before use.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

燀桃仁 Semen Persicae (blanceed in boiling water)

炮制 Processing

取净桃仁，照燀法（通则0213）去皮。用时捣碎。
Take clean Semen Persicae and peel it according to the method of rinsing in boiling water <0213>. Pound it when used.

性状 Description

燀桃仁 本品呈扁长卵形，长1.2～1.8cm，宽0.8～1.2cm，厚0.2～0.4cm。表面浅黄白色，一端尖，中部膨大，另端钝圆稍偏斜，边缘较薄。子叶2，富油性。气微香，味微苦。
Semen Persicae (blanceed in boiling water) This product is compressed long ovate, 1.2-1.8cm long, 0.8-1.2cm wide, 0.2-0.4cm thick. the surface is light yellowish-white, one end is pointed, the middle is expanded, the other end is bluntly rounded and slightly oblique, with a thin edge. Cotyledons 2, rich in oil. Gas slightly fragrant, taste slightly bitter.

燀山桃仁 呈类卵圆形，较小而肥厚，长约1cm，宽约0.7cm，厚约0.5cm。
Davidiana Semen (blanceed in boiling water) It is ovoid in shape, smaller and fatter, about 1cm long, 0.7cm wide, and 0.5cm thick.

鉴别 Identification

(1)本品横切面：内胚乳细胞1～3列，呈类方形。子叶细胞较大，内含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴，有的可见细小拟晶体。
(1) Transverse section of the product: endosperm cells 1 to 3 rows, square-like. The cotyledon cells are larger, containing paste powder particles and fat oil droplets, and some of them can be seen as tiny anthropomorphic crystals.

(2)同药材。
(2)Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过6.0%。
Same as the crude drug，not exceed 6.0 per cent.

酸败度 Acid value

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxins

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含苦杏仁苷（C20H27NO11）不得少于1.50%。
Same as the crude drug，containing not less than 1.50 per cent bitter amygdalin (C20H27NO11).

炒桃仁 Semen (stir-baked)

炮制 Processing

取燀桃仁，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至黄色。用时捣碎。
Make a fire-making Persicae Semen, according to the method of stir-frying (Tongzhi 0213) stir-fried until yellow. Pound it when used.

性状 Description

炒桃仁 本品呈扁长卵形，长1.2～1.8cm，宽0.8～1.2cm，厚0.2～0.4cm。表面黄色至棕黄色，可见焦斑。一端尖，中部膨大，另端钝圆稍偏斜，边缘较薄。子叶2，富油性。气微香，味微苦。
Semen (stir-baked) This product is flat long ovate, 1.2 ~ 1.8cm long, 0.8 ~ 1.2cm wide, 0.2 ~ 0.4cm thick. yellow to brownish-yellow surface, can be seen scorched spots. One end is pointed, the middle is expanded, the other end is bluntly rounded and slightly oblique, with a thin margin. Cotyledons 2, rich in oil. Gas slightly fragrant, taste slightly bitter.

　　炒山桃仁 2枚子叶多分离，完整者呈类卵圆形，较小而肥厚。长约lcm，宽约0.7cm，厚约0.5cm。
Semen Oavidianae 2 cotyledons much separated, the intact ones are ovoid, smaller and fatter. Length about lcm, width about 0.7cm, thickness about 0.5cm.

鉴别 Identification

(1)本品横切面：内胚乳细胞1～3列，呈类方形。子叶细胞较大，内含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴，有的可见细小拟晶体。
(1) Transverse section of the product: endosperm cells 1 to 3 columns, square-like. The cotyledon cells are larger, containing paste powder particles and fat oil droplets, and some of them can be seen as tiny anthropomorphic crystals.

(2)同药材。
(2)Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过5.0%。
Same as the crude drug，not exceed 5.0 per cent.

酸败度 Acid value

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxins

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含苦杏仁苷（C20H27NO11）不得少于1.60%。
Same as the crude drug，containing not less than 1.60 per cent bitter amygdalin (C20H27NO11).

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

苦、甘。
Bitter and sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肝、大肠经。
Heart, liver, and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

活血祛瘀，润肠通便，止咳平喘。
To promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, moisturize the intestines and promote bowel movements, and stop coughing and relieve asthma.

主治 Indications

用于经闭痛经，癥瘕痞块，肺痈肠痈，跌扑损伤，肠燥便秘，咳嗽气喘。
Used for dysmenorrhea due to blood stasis, abdominal masses and lumps, lung abscess and intestinal abscess, falls and injuries, dryness of the intestines and constipation, cough and asthma.

用量 Dosage

5～10g.
5-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from moth.

桃仁

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蔷薇科植物桃 Prunus persica（L.）Batsch或山桃 Prunus davidiana（Carr.）Franch.的干燥成熟种子。果实成熟后采收，除去果肉和核壳，取出种子，晒干。
Peach Seed is the dried ripe seed of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch or Prunus davidiana (Carr.) Franch. (Fam. Rosaceae). The fruit is collected when ripe. The seed is removed from sarcocarp and shell (endocarp), and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

桃仁呈扁长卵形，长1.2～1.8cm，宽0.8～1.2cm，厚0.2～0.4cm。表面黄棕色至红棕色，密布颗粒状突起。端尖，中部膨大，另端钝圆稍偏斜，边缘较薄。尖端侧有短线形种脐，圆端有颜色略深不甚明显的合点，自合点处散出多数纵向维管束。种皮薄，子叶2，类白色，富油性。气微，味微苦。
Seed of Prunus persica Prolate-ovate, 1.2- 1.8 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide, 0.2-0.4 cm thick. Externally yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, with numerous granular protrudings. One end acute, expanded in the middle, the other end obtuse-rounded and slightly oblique, with relatively thin edge. A short linear hilum occurring by the acute end and a relatively distinct and slightly dark chalaza at the round end, with many longitudinal vascular bundles radiated from the chalaza. Testa thin, cotyledons 2, almost white and oily. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品种皮粉末（或解离）片：桃仁石细胞黄色或黄棕色，侧面观贝壳形、盔帽形、弓形或椭圆形，高54～153μm，底部宽约至18μm，壁一边较厚，层纹细密；表面观类圆形、圆多角形或类方形，底部壁上纹孔大而较密。山桃仁 石细胞淡黄色、橙黄色或橙红色，侧面观贝壳形、矩圆形、椭圆形或长条形，高81～198（279）μm，宽约至128（198）μm；表面观类圆形、类六角形、长多角形或类方形，底部壁厚薄不匀，纹孔较小。
（2）取本品粗粉2g，加石油醚（60～90℃）50ml，加热回流1小时，滤过，弃去石油醚液，药渣再用石油醚25ml洗涤，弃去石油醚，药渣挥干，加甲醇30ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取苦杏仁苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（15：40：22：10）5～10℃放置12小时的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，立即喷以磷钼酸硫酸溶液（磷钼酸2g，加水20ml使溶解，再缓缓加入硫酸30ml，混匀），在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

酸败度 Rancidity

照酸败度检查法[1]（通则2303）测定。
Carry out the method for the determination of rancidity 〈2303〉.

酸值 Acid value

不得过10.0。
Not more than 10.0.

羰基值 Carbonyl value

不得过11.0。
Not more than 11.0.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxins

照黄曲霉毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。本品每1000g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5μg，含黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1，的总量不得过10μg。
Carry out the method for determination of aflatoxins 〈2351〉, not more than 5 ug/kg of aflatoxin B1 and not more than 10 ug/kg of the total amount of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2 and aflatoxin B1.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography 〈0512〉.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（20：80）为流动相；检测波长为210nm。理论板数按苦杏仁苷峰计算应不低于3000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and methanol-water (20 : 80) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 210 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 3000, calculated with reference to the peak of amygdalin.

对照品溶液的制备 取苦杏仁苷对照品适量，精密称定，加70%甲醇制成每1ml含苦杏仁苷80μg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Weigh accurately a quantity of amygdalin CRS, dissolve in 70 % methanol to produce a solution containing 80 μg per ml as the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 取本品粗粉约0.3g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，加石油醚（60～90℃）50ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，弃去石油醚液，药渣及滤纸挥干溶剂，放人原锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过。精密量取续滤液5ml，置10ml量瓶中，加50%甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 0.3 g of the coarse powder in a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 50 ml of petroleum ether (60-90℃), heat under reflux for 1 hour, allow to cool, filer and discard the petroleum ether extract.

测定法 分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含苦杏仁苷（C20H27NO11）不得少于2.0%。
It contains not less than 2.0 percent of amygdalin (C20H27NO11), calculated with reference to the dried drug.##饮片 | Prepared slices

桃仁 Persicae Semen

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。用时捣碎。
Eliminate foreign matter. Break to pieces before use.

性状 Description

【鉴别】 【检查】 【含量测定】 同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

燀桃仁 Semen persicae (blanced in boiling water)

取净桃仁，照燀法（通则0213）去皮。用时捣碎。
Peel the clean Semen Persicae as described under the method for rinsing in boiling water 〈0213〉. Break to pieces before use.

本品呈扁长卵形，长1.2～1.8cm，宽0.8～1.2cm，厚0.2～0.4cm。表面浅黄白色，一端尖，中部膨大，另端钝圆稍偏斜，边缘较薄。子叶2，富油性。气微香，味微苦。
Prolate-ovate, 1. 2-1.8 cm long, 0.8-1. 2 cm wide, 0.2-0.4 cm thick. Externally pale yellowish-white, one end acute, expanded in the middle, the other end obuse rounded and slightly oblique, with relatively thin edge. Cotyledon 2, oily. Odour, slightly chromatic; taste, slightly bitter.

燀山桃仁 Davidianae Semen (blanced in boiling water)

呈类卵圆形，较小而肥厚，长约1cm，宽约0.7cm，厚约0.5cm。
Ovate rounded, relatively smaller but thicker, about 1 cm long, 0.7 cm wide and 0.5 cm thick.

【鉴别】 （1）本品横切面：内胚乳细胞1～3列，呈类方形。子叶细胞较大，内含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴，有的可见细小拟晶体。
Identification (1) Transverse section: Endosperm cells 1-3 rows, rectangular, cotyledon cells relatively large, containing aleurone grains and fatty oil droplets, some with fine and minute crystalloid.

【含量测定】 同药材，含苦杏仁苷（C20H27NO11）不得少于1.50%。
Assay It contains not less than 1.50 per cent of amygdalin (CHNO), following the method for the crude drug.

炒桃仁 Persicea Semen (stir-baked)

取燀桃仁，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至黄色。用时捣碎。
Stiry-bake the water rinsedPersicae Semen as described under the method for simple stir-baking 〈0213〉 to yellow colour. Break to pieces before use.

本品呈扁长卵形，长1.2～1.8cm，宽0.8～1.2cm，厚0.2～0.4cm。表面黄色至棕黄色，可见焦斑。一端尖，中部膨大，另端钝圆稍偏斜，边缘较薄。子叶2，富油性。气微香，味微苦。
Prolate-ovate, 1. 2-1. 8 cm long, 0.8-1. 2 cm wide, 0.2-0.4 cm thick. Externally pale yellow-white, one and acute, expanded in the middle, the other end obuse-rounded and slightly oblique, with relatively thin edge. Cotyledons 2, oily. Odour, slightly acromatic; taste slightly bitter.

炒山桃仁 Semen Oavidianae

2枚子叶多分离，完整者呈类卵圆形，较小而肥厚。长约1cm，宽约0.7cm，厚约0.5cm。
Ovate rounded, relatively smaller, butthicker about 1 cm long, 0.7 cm wide and 0.5 cm thick.

【鉴别】 （1）本品横切面：内胚乳细胞1～3列，呈类方形。子叶细胞较大，内含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴，有的可见细小拟晶体。
Identification (1) Transverse section: Endosperm cells 1-3 rous, rectansular, cotyledon cells relatively large, containing aleurone grains and fatty oil droplets, some with fine and minute crystalloid.

【含量测定】 同药材，含苦杏仁苷（C20H27NO11）不得少于1.60%。
Assay It contains not less than 1. 60 per cent of amygdalin (CHNO), following the method for the crude drug.

【性味与归经】 苦、甘，平。归心、肝、大肠经。
Property and Flavor Neutral; bitter and sweet.

【功能与主治】 活血祛瘀，润肠通便，止咳平喘。
Actions To activate the blood to eliminate stasis, moisten the intestines, open the bowels, suppress cough, and relieve wheezing.

【主治】 用于经闭痛经，癥瘕痞块，肺痈肠痈，跌扑损伤，肠燥便秘，咳嗽气喘。
Indications Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, masses, stuffiness, Lung abscess, intestinal abscess, traumatic injures, constipation caused by intestinal dryness, cough, and wheezing.

【用法与用量】 5～10g。
Administration and dosage 5-10 g.

【注意】 孕妇慎用。
Precautions and Warnings Used with caution during pregnancy.

【贮藏】 置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Storage Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.