朱砂

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为硫化物类矿物辰砂族辰砂，主含硫化汞（HgS）。采挖后，选取纯净者，用磁铁吸净含铁的杂质，再用水淘去杂石和泥沙。
Cinnabar is the mineral cinnabar of the sulfide class, mainly containing mercury sulfide (HgS). After mining, select the pure ones, remove iron impurities with a magnet, and then wash away the impurities and sediments with water.

性状 Description

本品为粒状或块状集合体，呈颗粒状或块片状。鲜红色或暗红色，条痕红色至褐红色，具光泽。体重，质脆，片状者易破碎，粉末状者有闪烁的光泽。气微，味淡。
Cinnabar is granular or blocky aggregates, in the form of particles or blocky flakes. It is bright red or dark red, with a red to brownish-red streak and a lustrous appearance. It is heavy and brittle, easily broken if in flakes, and has a sparkling luster if in powder form. It has a slight odor and a mild taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品粉末，用盐酸湿润后，在光洁的铜片上摩擦，铜片表面显银白色光泽，加热烘烤后，银白色即消失。
（1）Take the powder of the drug, moisten it with hydrochloric acid, rub it on a clean copper plate, and the surface of the copper plate will show a silver-white luster. After heating and baking, the silver-white color disappears.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加盐酸-硝酸（3:1）的混合溶液2ml使溶解，蒸干，加水2ml使溶解，滤过，滤液显汞盐（通则0301）与硫酸盐（通则0301）的鉴别反应。
（2）Take 2g of the powder of the drug, dissolve it in 2ml of a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid (3:1), evaporate to dryness, dissolve in 2ml of water, filter, and the filtrate shows the identification reaction of mercury salt (General Rule 0301) and sulfate <0301>.

检查 Examination

铁 Iron

取本品1g，加稀盐酸20ml，加热煮沸10分钟，放冷，滤过，滤液置250ml量瓶中，加氢氧化钠试液中和后，加水至刻度。取10ml，照铁盐检查法（通则0807）检查，如显颜色，与标准铁溶液4ml制成的对照液比较，不得更深（0.1%）。
Take 1g of the sample, add 20ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, heat to boiling for 10 minutes, cool, filter, transfer the filtrate to a 250ml volumetric flask, neutralize with sodium hydroxide test solution, and dilute with water to the mark. Take 10ml, carry out the test for iron salts <0807>, and compare the color with the control solution prepared by mixing 4ml of the standard iron solution, it should not be darker (0.1%).

二价汞 Mercury (II)

照汞、砷元素形态及价态测定法（通则2322）中汞元素形态及其价态测定法测定。
Determine the forms and valence states of mercury in accordance with the method for determination of forms and valence states of mercury and arsenic elements <2322>.

对照品贮备溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

精密吸取汞元素标准溶液（1mg/ml，介质类型为硝酸）适量，加水制成每1ml含汞100ng的溶液，即得。
Accurately draw an appropriate amount of the standard solution of mercury element (1mg/ml, medium type: nitric acid), dilute with water to obtain a solution containing 100ng of mercury per ml.

标准曲线溶液的制备 Preparation of standard curve solution

精密吸取对照品贮备溶液适量，加8%甲醇分别制成每1ml含汞0.5ng、1ng、5ng、10ng、20ng、50ng的系列溶液，即得。
Accurately draw an appropriate amount of the reference solution, add 8% methanol to prepare a series of solutions containing 0.5ng, 1ng, 5ng, 10ng, 20ng, and 50ng of mercury per ml, respectively.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过五号筛）约30mg，精密称定，置250ml塑料量瓶中，一式2份，一份加人工胃液约200ml，另一份加人工肠液约200ml，摇匀，置37°C水浴中超声处理（功率300W，频率45kHz）2小时（每隔15分钟充分摇匀一次），放冷，分别用相应溶液稀释至刻度，摇匀，取适量至50ml塑料离心管中，静置20～24小时，用洗耳球轻轻吹去上层表面溶液，吸取中层溶液约15ml（吸取时应避免带入颗粒），用微孔滤膜（10μm）滤过，精密量取续滤液2ml，置10ml塑料量瓶中，加水稀释至刻度，摇匀，即得。同法制备试剂空白溶液。
Take about 30mg of the powder of the sample (passed through a No. 5 sieve), accurately weigh it, place it in a 250ml plastic volumetric flask, prepare 2 portions, add about 200ml of artificial gastric juice to one portion, and about 200ml of artificial intestinal juice to the other portion, shake well, treat with ultrasound in a 37°C water bath (power: 300W, frequency: 45kHz) for 2 hours (shake well every 15 minutes), cool, dilute each portion to the mark with the corresponding solution, shake well, take an appropriate amount into a 50ml plastic centrifuge tube, let it stand for 20-24 hours, gently blow away the upper surface solution with an ear syringe, draw about 15ml of the middle solution (avoiding particles during suction), filter through a microporous membrane (10μm), accurately take 2ml of the filtrate, place it in a 10ml plastic volumetric flask, dilute with water to the mark, shake well, and obtain the test solution. Prepare a blank solution of the reagent in the same manner.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取标准曲线溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪，测定。以标准曲线溶液测得的二价汞峰面积为纵坐标，相应浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线，计算供试品中二价汞含量，即得。
Accurately draw 20μl of the standard curve solution and the test solution, respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system, and determine. Take the peak area of divalent mercury obtained from the standard curve solution as the ordinate and the corresponding concentration as the abscissa, draw the standard curve, and calculate the content of divalent mercury in the test solution.

本品含二价汞以汞（Hg）计，不得过0.10%。
The Mercury (II) content of this product is calculated as mercury (Hg) and shall not exceed 0.10%.

含量测定 Content determination

取本品粉末约0.3g，精密称定，置锥形瓶中，加硫酸10ml与硝酸钾1.5g，加热使溶解，放冷，加水50ml，并加1%高锰酸钾溶液至显粉红色，再滴加2%硫酸亚铁溶液至红色消失后，加硫酸铁铵指示液2ml，用硫氰酸铵滴定液（0.1mol/L）滴定。每1ml硫氰酸铵滴定液（0.1mol/L）相当于11.63mg的硫化汞（HgS）。
Take about 0.3g of the powder of the sample, accurately weigh it, place it in a conical flask, add 10ml of sulfuric acid and 1.5g of potassium nitrate, heat to dissolve, cool, add 50ml of water, and add 1% potassium permanganate solution until a pale pink color appears, then add 2% ferrous sulfate solution dropwise until the red color disappears, add 2ml of ammonium iron(II) sulfate indicator solution, and titrate with ammonium thiocyanate titration solution (0.1mol/L). Each 1ml of ammonium thiocyanate titration solution (0.1mol/L) is equivalent to 11.63mg of mercuric sulfide (HgS).

本品含硫化汞（HgS）不得少于96.0%。
This product contains no less than 96.0% mercury sulfide (HgS).

饮片 Prepared slices

朱砂粉 Cinnabar powder

炮制 Processing

取朱砂，用磁铁吸去铁屑，照水飞法（通则0213）水飞，晾干或40°C以下干燥。
Take cinnabar, remove iron filings with a magnet, carry out the water flying method <0213>, and dry in the air or below 40°C.

性状 Description

本品为朱红色极细粉末，体轻，以手指撮之无粒状物，以磁铁吸之，无铁末。气微，味淡。照上述〔鉴别〕（1）、（2）和〔检查〕项下试验，应显相同的结果。
This product is vermilion ultra-fine powder, light body, no granular matter with fingers, sucked by magnets, and no iron powder. The breath is slight and the taste is light. The same results should be shown according to the tests under [identification] (1), (2) and [inspection] above.

检查 Examination

可溶性汞盐 Soluble mercury salts

取本品1g，加水10ml，搅匀，滤过，静置，滤液不得显汞盐（通则0301）的鉴别反应。
Take 1g of the sample, add 10ml of water, stir well, filter, let it stand, and the filtrate should not show the identification reaction of mercury salts <0301>.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材，取本品约0.20g，精密称定，照上述〔含量测定〕项下的方法测定，含硫化汞（HgS）不得少于98.0%。
Same as the crude drug, take about 0.20g of the sample, accurately weigh it, and determine the content according to the method under the above-mentioned [Content determination]. The content of mercuric sulfide (HgS) should not be less than 98.0%.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心经。
Heart meridian.

功能 Actions

清心镇惊，安神，明目，解毒。
To clear the heart and calm the mind, soothe the nerves, improve vision, and detoxify.

主治 Indications

用于心悸易惊，失眠多梦，癫痫发狂，小儿惊风，视物昏花，口疮，喉痹，疮疡肿毒。
Used for palpitations and easy fright, insomnia and excessive dreaming, epilepsy and mania, infantile convulsions, blurred vision, oral ulcers, sore throat, and sores and swellings.

用量 Dosage

0.1～0.5g。外用适量。
0.1-0.5g. For external use, use an appropriate amount.

用法 Administration

多入丸散服，不宜入煎剂。
Mostly used in pill or powder form, not suitable for decoction.

注意 Precautions

本品有毒，不宜大量服用，也不宜少量久服；孕妇及肝肾功能不全者禁用。
This product is toxic and should not be taken in large quantities or for a long time in small quantities. It is contraindicated in pregnant women and those with impaired liver and kidney function.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

朱砂

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为硫化物类矿物辰砂族辰砂，主含硫化汞（HgS）。釆挖后，选取纯净者，用磁铁吸净含铁的杂质，再用水淘去杂石和泥沙。
Cinnabar is a mineral of sulfides of cinnabar group, containing mainly mercuric sulfide (HgS). The mineral is collected, and the clean part is sorted out, removed from foreign matter containing iron with magnet, and freed from foreign stone and soil by washing.

性状 Description

本品为粒状或块状集合体，呈颗粒状或块片状。鲜红色或暗红色，条痕红色至褐红色，具光泽。体重，质脆，片状者易破碎，粉末状者有闪烁的光泽。气微，味淡。
Aggregates of granulous or lumpy masses, in granules or pieces, bright red or dark red, streak red to brownish-red, lustrous. Texture heavy and fragile. Pieces easily broken and granules with glittering gloss. Odourless and tasteless.

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品粉末，用盐酸湿润后，在光洁的铜片上摩檫，铜片表面显银白色光泽，加热烘烤后，银白色即消失。
（2）取本品粉末2g，加盐酸-硝酸（3：1）的混合溶液2ml使溶解，蒸干，加水2ml使溶解，滤过，滤液显汞盐（通则0301）与硫酸盐（通则0301）的鉴别反应。

检查 Examination

铁 Iron

取本品1g，加稀盐酸20ml，加热煮沸10分钟，放冷，滤过，滤液置250ml量瓶中，加氢氧化钠试液中和后，加水至刻度。取10ml，照铁盐检查法（通则0807）检查，如显颜色，与标准铁溶液4ml制成的对照液比较，不得更深（0.1%）。
Boil 1 g of the powder with 20 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid TS for 10 minutes, allow to cool, filter into a 250 ml volumetric flask, neutralize with sodium hydroxide TS, and dilute with water to volume. Carry out the limit test for iron 〈0807〉,using 10 ml. Any colour produced is not more intense than that of the reference solution prepared with 4 ml of ferric standard solution (0.1% ).

含量测定 Assay

取本品粉末约0.3g，精密称定，置锥形瓶中，加硫酸10ml与硝酸钾1.5g，加热使溶解，放冷，加水50ml，并加1%高锰酸钾溶液至显粉红色，再滴加2%硫酸亚铁溶液至红色消失后，加硫酸铁铵指示液2ml，用硫氰酸铵滴定液（0.1mol/L）滴定。每1ml硫氰酸铵滴定液（0.1mol/L）相当于11.63mg的硫化汞（HgS）。
Dissolve about 0.3 g of the powder, weighed accurately, with 10 ml of sulfuric acid and 1.5 g of potassium nitrate in a conical flask by heating. Allow to cool, add 50 ml of water and 1% potassium permanganate solution until a pink colour is produced, then add dropwise 2% ferrous sulfate solution until the pink colour disappears. Add 2 ml of ammonium ferric sulfate IS and titrate with ammonium thiocyanate ( 0.1 mol/L) VS. Each ml of ammonium thiocyanate (0.1 mol/L) VS is equivalent to 11.63 mg of mercuric sulfide (HgS).

本品含硫化汞（HgS）不得少于96.0%。
It contains not less than 96.0 per cent of mercuric sulfide (HgS).

饮片 Prepared slices

朱砂 Cinnabar

炮制 Processing

取朱砂，用磁铁吸去铁屑，或照水飞法（通则0213）水飞，晾干或40℃以下干燥。
Cinnabaris powder Remove iron powder with magnet； or levigate as described under the method for levigating 〈0213〉,and dry in air or below 40℃.

本品为朱红色极细粉末，体轻，以手指撮之无粒状物，以磁铁吸之，无铁末。气微，味淡。照上述〔鉴别〕（1）、（2）和〔检查〕项下试验，应显相同的结果。
Bright red and very fine powder, texture light, without granules when kneaded by fingers, without iron powder when absorbed by magnet Odourless and tasteless. It complies with the above tests for Identification (1), (2) and Iron.

可溶性汞盐 Dissolvable mercuric salts

取本品1g，加水10ml，搅匀，滤过，静置，滤液不得显汞盐（通则0301）的鉴别反应。
Dissolve 1 g of the powder in 10 ml of water, shake well, filter, and allow to stand. The filtrate should not yield the reactions characteristic of mercuric salts 〈0301〉,

取本品约0.20g，精密称定，照上述〔含量测定〕项下的方法测定，含硫化汞（HgS）不得少于98.0%。
Weigh accurately about 0.20 g of the powder, carry out the above method for assay, it contains not less than 98.0 per cent of mercuric sulfide (HgS).

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘，微寒；有毒。归心经。
Mild cold； sweet； toxic. Heart meridian.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

清心镇惊，安神，明目，解毒。用于心悸易惊，失眠多梦，癫痫发狂，小儿惊风，视物昏花，口疮，喉痹，疮疡肿毒。
To clear the heart, settle fright, tranquilize the mind, improve vision, and remove toxin. Palpitations susceptibility to fright, insomnia with dream-distrubed sleep, epilepsy, manic psychosis, infantile convulsion, blurry vision, mouth sore, sore throat, sore and ulcer, and skin infections.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

0.1～0.5g，多入丸散服，不宜入煎剂。外用适量。
0.1-0.5 g, it is often used in pills or powder, it is inadvisable to used in decoction. Appropriate amount for topical application.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

本品有毒，不宜大量服用，也不宜少量久服；孕妇及肝肾功能不全者禁用。
Because of its poisonous action, large dosage administration is inadvisable, or small dosage but long-term administration is also inadvisable. Contraindicated for pregnant woman, and patients with hepatic insufficiency or renal insufficiency.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.