板蓝根

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为十字花科植物菘蓝Isatis indigotica Fort.的干燥根。秋季采挖，除去泥沙，晒干。
Isatis Root is the dried root of Isatis indigotica Fort. (Fam. Cruciferae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from soil and sand, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，稍扭曲，长10～20cm，直径0.5～1cm。表面淡灰黄色或淡棕黄色，有纵皱纹、横长皮孔样突起及支根痕。根头略膨大，可见暗绿色或暗棕色轮状排列的叶柄残基和密集的疣状突起。体实，质略软，断面皮部黄白色，木部黄色。气微，味微甜后苦涩。
Roots cylindrical, slightly twisted, 10-20 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter; surface pale greyish-yellow or pale brownish-yellow, with longitudinal wrinkles, transverse lenticels-like projections and rootlet scars. Apex slightly swollen, showing dark green or dark brown circular leaf-stalk remains arranged in a ring and dense wart-like projections. Texture solid, slightly soft; fracture, yellowish-white in bark and yellow in wood. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sweet followed by bitterness.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为数列细胞。栓内层狭。韧皮部宽广，射线明显。形成层成环。木质部导管黄色，类圆形，直径约至80μm；有木纤维束。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
(1) Transverse section of the product: the cork layer is several rows of cells. The inner layer of cork is narrow. The phloem is broad and the rays are obvious. Formation of layers into rings. Xylem ducts yellow, orbicular-like, about to 80μm in diameter; with wood fibre bundles. Thin-walled cells containing starch grains.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加稀乙醇20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加稀乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取板蓝根对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取精氨酸对照品，加稀乙醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各1～2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-冰醋酸-水（19:5:5）为展开剂，展开，取出，热风吹干，喷以茚三酮试液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 0.5g of the powder, add 20ml of dilute ethanol, ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue add 1ml of dilute ethanol to dissolve, as a test solution. Take 0.5g of control herb of Panax quinquefolium, and make the solution of control herb by the same method. Then take arginine control, add dilute ethanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml, as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above three solutions 1 ~ 2μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with n-butanol - glacial acetic acid - water (19:5:5) as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, hot air dry, sprayed with ninhydrin solution, heated at 105 ℃ until the spots show clear colour. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb and the chromatogram of the control article, the spots of the same colour appear.

（3）取本品粉末1g，加80%甲醇20ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取板蓝根对照药材lg，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取（R，S）-告依春对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品的溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各5～10μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（1:1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(3) Take 1g of this product powder, add 80% methanol 20ml, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue add methanol 1ml to dissolve, as a test solution. Another lg of control herb of Panax quinquefolium was taken, and the same method was used to form the control herb solution. Then take (R, S)-Guiyichun control, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1 ml, as a solution of the control. According to the thin-layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above three solutions of 5 ~ 10μl, respectively, point on the same silica gel GF254 thin-layer plate, with petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃) - ethyl acetate (1:1) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, and placed in the ultraviolet lamp (254nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test article, spots of the same colour are shown in the corresponding positions with the chromatogram of the control herb and the chromatogram of the control article.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用45%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于25.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using 45% ethanol as the solvent,not less than 25.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.02%磷酸溶液（7:93）为流动相；检测波长为245nm。理论板数按（R，S）-告依春峰计算应不低于5000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.02% phosphoric acid solution (7:93) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 245nm. The theoretical plate number should not be less than 5000 according to the calculation of (R,S)-Gao Yichun peak.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取（R，S）-告依春对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含40μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of (R,S)-Gao Yichun reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 40μg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约lg，精密称定，置圆底瓶中，精密加入水50ml，称定重量，煎煮2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用水补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 1g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a round-bottom flask, accurately add 50ml of water, weigh, boil for 2 hours, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with water, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10～20μ1，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10-20μ1 of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含（R，S）-告依春（C5H7NOS）不得少于0.020%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of (R,S)-Gao Yichun (C5H7NOS) should not be less than 0.020%.

饮片 Prepared slices

板蓝根 Isatis Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter,wash, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈圆形的厚片。外表皮淡灰黄色至淡棕黄色，有纵皱纹。切面皮部黄白色，木部黄色。气微，味微甜后苦涩。
This product is in the form of rounded thick slices. The outer skin is light greyish yellow to light brownish yellow with longitudinal wrinkles. The cut surface is yellowish-white in the skin part and yellow in the wood part. Gas slightly, taste slightly sweet and then bitter astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
（Except cross section）Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。不得过13.0%。
Same as the crude drug. Not more than 13.0%.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。不得过8.0%。
Same as the crude drug. Not more than 8.0%.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。含（R，S）-告依春（C5H7NOS）不得少于0.030%。
Same as the crude drug. Containing not less than 0.030% of (R,S)-gauichon (C5H7NOS).

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、胃经。
Heart and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，凉血利咽。
To clear heat and detoxify, cool blood and relieve sore throat.

主治 Indications

用于温疫时毒，发热咽痛，温毒发斑，痄腮，烂喉丹痧，大头瘟疫，丹毒，痈肿。
Used for warm epidemic toxicity, fever and sore throat, warm toxicity rash, mumps, ulcerated throat diphtheria, big head epidemic, carbuncle, and abscess.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, prevent mold and moth.

板蓝根

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为十字花科植物菘蓝Isatis indigotica Fort.的干燥根。秋季采挖，除去泥沙，晒干。
Isatis Root is the dried root of Isatis indigotica Fort. (Fam. Cruciferae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from soil, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，稍扭曲，长10～20cm，直径0.5～lcm。表面淡灰黄色或淡棕黄色，有纵皱纹、横长皮孔样突起及支根痕。根头略膨大，可见暗绿色或暗棕色轮状排列的叶柄残基和密集的疣状突起。体实，质略软，断面皮部黄白色，木部黄色。气微，味微甜后苦涩。
Cylindrical, slightly tortuous, 10-20 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-yellow or brownish-yellow, wrinkled longitudinally and lenticellate horizontally, with rootlets or rootlet scars. Root stock slightly expanded, exhibiting dark green or dark brown petiole-bases arranged in whorls, and dense tubercles. Texture compact and soft, fracture yellowish-white in bark and yellow in wood. Odour, slight; taste, sweetish then bitter and astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为数列细胞。栓内层狭。韧皮部宽广，射线明显。形成层成环。木质部导管黄色，类圆形，直径约至80μm；有木纤维束。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
(1) Transverse section: Cork consisting of several rows of cells. Phelloderm narrow. Phloem broad, rays distinct. Cambium in a ring. Xylem vessels yellow, subrounded, up to 80 μm in diameter; xylary fibres in bundles. Parenchymatous cells containing starch granules.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加稀乙醇20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加稀乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取板蓝根对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取精氨酸对照品，加稀乙醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各1～2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-冰醋酸-水（19：5：5）为展开剂，展开，取出，热风吹干，喷以茚三酮试液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2)To 0.5 g of the powder, add 20 ml of dilute ethanol, ultrasonicate for 20 minutes and filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue with 1 ml of dilute ethanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 0.5 g of Isatidis Radix reference drug in the same manner as the referenace drug solution. Dissolve arginine CRS in dilute ethanol to produce a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-butanol, glacial acetic acid and water (19 : 5 : 5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 1-2 μl of each of the above three solutions to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry under a current of hot air, spray with ninhydrin TS, heat at 105℃ to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.

（3）取本品粉末1g，加80%甲醇20ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取板蓝根对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取（R，S）-告依春对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品的溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各5～10μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（1：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(3) To 1 g of the powder add 20 ml of 80% methanol, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes and filter. Evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 1 g of Isatidis Radix reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Dissolve a quantity of (R, S)-epigoitrin CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (60-90℃) and ethyl acetate (1:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5-10 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under the ultraviolet light at 254 nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用45%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于25.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using 45% ethanol as solvent, not less than 25.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

饮片 Prepared slices

板蓝根 Isatis Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

本品呈圆形的厚片。外表皮淡灰黄色至淡棕黄色，有纵皱纹。切面皮部黄白色，木部黄色。气微，味微甜后苦涩。
In rounded thick slices. Externally pale greyish-yellow to pale brownish-yellow, with longitudinal wrinkles. Cut surface yellowish-white in bark part and yellow in wood part. Odour slight; taste sweetish then bitter and astringent.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过13.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 13.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过8.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 8.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含（R，S）-告依春（C5H7NOS）不得少于0.030%。
Same as the crude drug, it contains not less than 0.030 per cent of (R, S)-epigoitrin (C5H7NOS).

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）【检查】（酸不溶性灰分）【浸出物】 同药材。
(Except for the transverse section)【Examination】(Acid-insoluble ash)【Extractives】Same as the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦，寒。归心、胃经。
Cold; bitter.

功能与主治 Actions

清热解毒，凉血利咽。用于温疫时毒，发热咽痛，温毒发斑，痄腮，烂喉丹痧，大头瘟疫，丹毒，痈肿。
To clear heat, remove toxin, cool the blood, and soothe the throat. Used for pestilence, seasonal toxin, fever and sore throat, macula, papule caused by warm toxin, mumps, scarlatina, erysipelas facialis, erysipelas, and swelling abscess.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from mould and moth.