麻黄根

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为麻黄科植物草麻黄Ephedra sinica Stapf 或中麻黄Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C. A. Mey. 的干燥根和根茎。秋末采挖，除去残茎、须根和泥沙，干燥。
Ephedra Root and Rhizome is the dried root and rhizome of Ephedra sinica Stapf or Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C. A. Mey. (Fam. Ephedraceae). The drug is collected in late autumn, removed from residual stems, rootlets and sand, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，略弯曲，长8～25cm，直径0.5～1.5cm。表面红棕色或灰棕色，有纵皱纹和支根痕。外皮粗糙，易成片状剥落。根茎具节，节间长0.7～2cm，表面有横长突起的皮孔。体轻，质硬而脆，断面皮部黄白色，木部淡黄色或黄色，射线放射状，中心有髓。气微，味微苦。
Roots cylindrical, slightly curved, 8-25 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm in diameter; externally reddish-brown or grayish-brown, with longitudinal wrinkles and rootlet scars; surface rough, easily exfoliated in scales; nodes distinct, internodes 0.7-2 cm long, with transverse elongated lenticels. Light in weight, hard and brittle in texture; fracture, yellowish-white in bark, pale yellow or yellow in wood; rays radiate; pith present. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

(1) 本品根横切面:木栓细胞10余列，其外有落皮层。栓内层为数列薄壁细胞，含草酸钙砂晶。中柱鞘由纤维及石细胞组成。韧皮部窄。形成层成环。木质部发达，由导管、管胞及木纤维组成；射线宽广，含草酸钙砂晶。有的髓部有纤维；薄壁细胞具纹孔。根茎的射线较窄。
(1)Transverse section of the drug: more than 10 rows of cork cells, with a deciduous cortex outside. The inner layer of the cork is several rows of thin-walled cells, containing calcium oxalate sand crystals. Middle column sheath consists of fibres and stone cells. The phloem is narrow. Forming layers in rings. Xylem well developed, consisting of ducts, tubular cells and wood fibres; rays broad, containing calcium oxalate sand crystals. Some pith with fibres; thin-walled cells with striated pores. Rays of rhizome narrower.

粉末棕红色或棕黄色。木栓细胞呈长方形，棕色，含草酸钙砂晶。纤维多单个散在，直径20～25μm，壁厚，木化，斜纹孔明显。螺纹导管、网纹导管直径30～50μm，导管分子穿孔板上具多数圆形孔。石细胞有的可见，呈长圆形，类纤维状或有分枝，直径20～50μm，壁厚。髓部薄壁细胞类方形、类长方形或类圆形，壁稍厚，具纹孔。薄壁细胞含草酸钙砂晶。
Powder brownish red or brownish yellow. Cork cells are oblong, brown, containing calcium oxalate sand crystals. Fibres are scattered singly, 20-25μm in diameter, thick-walled, lignified, with obvious oblique pores. Threaded conduits and reticulated conduits are 30-50 μm in diameter, and the molecular perforated plates of the conduits have most round holes. Stone cells were visible, oblong, fibre-like or branched, 20-50 μm in diameter, thick-walled. The thin-walled cells of the pith are square, oblong or rounded, with slightly thicker walls and striated pores. The thin-walled cells contain calcium oxalate sand crystals.

(2) 取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理40分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取麻黄根对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（40︰10︰1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2)Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 10ml of methanol, ultrasonic treatment for 40 minutes, filtration, take the filtrate as the test solution. Take 0.5g of ephedra root control herb, and make control herb solution by the same method. According to the thin-layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions of 10μl, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, trichloromethane-methanol-water (40︰10︰1) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, and sprayed with 1% vanillin sulfuric acid solution. In the chromatogram of the test material, spots of the same colour are shown in the corresponding positions with the chromatogram of the control material.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于8.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, not less than 8.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

麻黄根 Ephedra Root and Rhizome

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into thick slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆形的厚片。外表面红棕色或灰棕色，有纵皱纹及支根痕。切面皮部黄白色，木部淡黄色或黄色，纤维性，具放射状纹，有的中心有髓。气微，味微苦。
This product is in the form of thick, rounded tablets. The outer surface is reddish brown or greyish brown, with longitudinal wrinkles and branching root scars. The cut surface is yellowish-white in the skin part, light yellow or yellow in the wood part, fibrous, with radial lines, some of them have pith in the centre. Slightly bitter taste.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
Same as the herbs(except in cross-section) .

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the herb.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the herb.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘、涩。
Sweet and astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肺经。
Heart and lung meridians.

功能 Actions

固表止汗。
To consolidate the surface and arrest sweating.

主治 Indications

用于自汗，盗汗。
Spontaneous sweating and night sweating.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。外用适量
3-9 g.For external use, appropriate amount

用法 Administration

无。研粉撒扑。
None.Grind into powder and sprinkle.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

麻黄根

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为麻黄科植物草麻黄Ephedra sinica Stapf或中麻黄Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C.A.Mey.的干燥根和根茎。秋末采挖，除去残茎、须根和泥沙，干燥。
Ephedra Root is the dried root and rhizome of Ephedra sinica Stapf or Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C. A. Mey. (Fam. Ephedraceae). The drug is collected in the late autumn, removed from remains of stem, rootlet and soil, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，略弯曲，长8～25cm，直径0.5～1.5cm。表面红棕色或灰棕色，有纵皱纹和支根痕。外皮粗糙，易成片状剥落。根茎具节，节间长0.7～2cm，表面有横长突起的皮孔。体轻，质硬而脆，断面皮部黄白色，木部淡黄色或黄色，射线放射状，中心有髓。气微，味微苦。
Cylindrical, slightly curved, 8-25 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm in diameter.Externally reddish-brown or greyish-brown, with longitudinal wrinkles and scars of rootlets.The outer bark rough, easily exfoliated.Rhizomes with nodes, internodes 0.7-2 cm long, externally with transversally elongated lenticel-like protrudings.Texturelight, hard and fragile, fracture yellowish-white in bark, pale yellow to yellow in wood, showing radial rays, with apith in the centre. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品根横切面：木栓细胞10余列，其外有落皮层。栓内层为数列薄壁细胞，含草酸钙砂晶。中柱鞘由纤维及石细胞组成。韧皮部窄。形成层成环。木质部发达，由导管、管胞及木纤维组成；射线宽广，含草酸钙砂晶。有的髓部有纤维；薄壁细胞具纹孔。根茎的射线较窄。
Powder: Brownish-red or brownish-yellow. Cork cells rectan-gular, brown, containing sand crystals of calcium oxalate. Most fibres scattered singly, 20-25 μm in diameter, walls thickened and lignified, with distinct oblique pits. Spiral and reticulated vessels 30-50 μm in diameter, the perforated plates of vessel members with numerous rounded pores. Sometimes stone cells visible, oblong, fibrous or branched, 20-50 μm in diameter, thick-walled. Parenchymatous cells in pith subsquare, subrectangular or subrounded, walls slightly thickened, with pits. Parenchymatous cells containing sand crystals of calcium oxalate.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于8.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201, the cold maceration method>; not less than 8.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

麻黄根 Ephedra Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

性 Property

甘、涩。
Neutral; sweet, astringent.

味 Flavor

平。
Astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

心、肺经。
Heart and lung meridians.

功能 Actions

固表止汗。
To secure the exterior and check sweating.

主治 Indications

用于自汗，盗汗。
Spontaneous sweating, night sweating.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9 g.

用法 Administration

外用适量，研粉撒扑。
Use appropriate amount for topical application, and grind it into powder for powdering.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.