山竹子，中药名。为藤黄科藤黄属植物多花山竹子 Garcinia multiflora Champ.及岭南山竹子G.oblongifolia Champ.，以树皮（内皮）入药。具有消炎止痛，收敛生肌的功效。主治肠炎，小儿消化不良，胃、十二指肠溃疡，溃疡病轻度出血，口腔炎，牙周炎；外用治烧烫伤，下肢溃疡，湿疹。
Shan-zhu-zi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the dried bark (inner bark) of Garcinia multiflora Champ. and Garcinia oblongifolia Champ., both plants of the family Clusiaceae. It has the functions of anti-inflammatory, pain relief, astringent, and promoting tissue regeneration. It is used to treat enteritis, pediatric indigestion, gastric and duodenal ulcers, mild bleeding from ulcers, stomatitis, and periodontitis. Externally, it is used to treat burns, scalds, lower limb ulcers, and eczema.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

消炎止痛，收敛生肌。
Anti-inflammatory and pain relief, astringent and tissue regeneration.

主治 Indications

肠炎，小儿消化不良，胃、十二指肠溃疡，溃疡病轻度出血，口腔炎，牙周炎；外用治烧烫伤，下肢溃疡，湿疹。
Enteritis, pediatric indigestion, gastric and duodenal ulcers, mild bleeding from ulcers, stomatitis, periodontitis; externally used for burns, scalds, lower limb ulcers, and eczema.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

树皮干粉1.5-3g；外用适量，研末调敷患处。
Tree bark powder 1.5-3g; for external use, grind into powder and apply to the affected area.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

岭南山竹子含黄酮类、鞣质、树胶及微量酸性物质等。
Garcinia oblongifolia (Lingnan mountain mangosteen) contains flavonoids, tannins, gums, and trace acidic substances.

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1. 胃肠炎、消化不良：50%山竹树皮溶液。每服30ml，1日2次。
   Gastritis, indigestion: 50% mangosteen bark solution. Take 30ml each time, twice a day.

2. 胃肠炎：山竹树皮6g，古山龙18g，黄荆叶3g，水煮2次，浓缩至30ml，分2次服。
   Gastritis: 6g of mangosteen bark, 18g of Gushanlong, 3g of Huangjingye. Boil twice with water, concentrate to 30ml, and take in two doses.

3. 烧伤：山竹树皮粉，加花生油（熬沸）适量，调成糊状，涂于伤面，每天1-2次。
   Burns: Mangosteen bark powder mixed with an appropriate amount of boiled peanut oil, made into a paste, and applied to the wound surface 1-2 times daily.

4. 麻风足底溃疡：山竹树皮粉，撒在经外科处理后的溃疡面上，用纱布包扎，每天换药1次。
   Leprosy plantar ulcer: Mangosteen bark powder sprinkled on the surgically treated ulcer surface, wrapped with gauze, and dressing changed once daily.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：四季可采，砍伐茎干，剥取内皮，切碎，晒干备用。
Harvest in all seasons, cut the stems, peel off the inner bark, chop into pieces, and sun-dry for later use.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：藤黄科藤黄属植物多花山竹子及岭南山竹子。
The species belong to Garcinia multiflora and Garcinia oblongifolia, both in the Clusiaceae family (formerly known as Guttiferae), genus Garcinia.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

1. 多花山竹子（山橘子、白树仔、竹橘子）：常绿乔木或大灌木，高3-17m。树皮粗糙灰白色，内皮呈灰黄白色，小枝无毛，亮绿色。单叶对生，叶柄短而粗壮，长1-4cm；叶片倒卵状矩圆形或长圆状卵形，近革质，长7-20cm，宽2-9cm，先端钝、短渐尖或急尖，基部楔形，全缘，边缘反卷，两面无毛，侧脉纤细，每边10-20条，不达叶缘。夏季枝端开橙黄色花，单生或数朵花组成聚伞花序，该花序常再作总状花序式或圆锥花序式排列；花单性，稀杂性，4基数；雄花多数，萼片圆形，外面2片较小，内片2片较大；花瓣倒卵形，长约1.5cm；雄蕊合生成4束，有退化雌蕊；雌花少数，1-5朵，子房长圆形，无花柱，柱头盾状，宿存浆果卵形至近球形，长约3.5cm，青黄色，味酸可食，故又称“山橘子”。
   Garcinia multiflora (Mountain Orange, White Shuzai, Bamboo Orange): Evergreen tree or large shrub, 3–17 m tall. Bark is rough and gray-white, inner bark grayish-yellow-white; young branches smooth and bright green. Leaves opposite, petiole short and stout, 1–4 cm long; leaf blade oblanceolate-oblong or oblong-ovate, nearly leathery, 7–20 cm long, 2–9 cm wide, apex blunt, shortly acuminate or acute, base cuneate, margin entire and revolute, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral veins slender, 10–20 per side, not reaching margin. In summer, orange-yellow flowers appear at branch tips, solitary or in few-flowered cymes, often arranged in racemose or panicle-like inflorescences. Flowers unisexual, rarely bisexual, tetramerous. Numerous staminate flowers: sepals round, outer two smaller, inner two larger; petals obovate, ca. 1.5 cm long; stamens fused into 4 bundles, with rudimentary pistil. Few pistillate flowers (1–5), ovary oblong, no style, stigma shield-shaped. Persistent berry ovoid to nearly spherical, ca. 3.5 cm long, greenish-yellow, sour but edible—hence called “Mountain Orange.”

2. 岭南山竹子（岭南倒稔子、黄牙果、麦芽仔、粘牙仔、红山竹梨）：树皮浅灰棕色，内皮棕红色，里面浅黄色，枝的外皮棕红色。单叶对生，叶柄长约1cm，无毛；叶片倒卵状长圆形，长5-10cm，宽2-3.5cm。雄花的雄蕊多数，完全合生成1束（肉质体），无退化雌蕊；雌花单生，无花梗，退化雄蕊合生成4束。浆果近球形，熟时青黄色，长约3cm，先端有宿存柱头，基部有宿萼。食后粘牙，染为黄色，故又称“黄牙果”。
   Garcinia oblongifolia (Lingnan Inverted Nut, Yellow Tooth Fruit, Malt Seed, Sticky Tooth Seed, Red Mountain Bamboo Pear): Bark light gray-brown, inner bark reddish-brown, innermost layer pale yellow; branch bark reddish-brown. Leaves opposite, petiole ca. 1 cm long, glabrous; blade oblanceolate-oblong, 5–10 cm long, 2–3.5 cm wide. Staminate flowers: numerous stamens completely fused into a single fleshy mass (phalange), without rudimentary pistil. Pistillate flower solitary, sessile, with staminodes fused into 4 bundles. Berry nearly spherical, greenish-yellow when ripe, ca. 3 cm long, with persistent stigma at apex and calyx at base. Fruit sticks to teeth after eating and stains them yellow—thus named “Yellow Tooth Fruit.”

分布区域 Distribution Area

1. 多花山竹子：分布于江西、福建、台湾、广东、广西和云南等省区。
   Garcinia multiflora: Distributed in Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan provinces.

2. 岭南山竹子：分布于广西、广东等省区。
   Garcinia oblongifolia: Distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.

生长环境 Growing Environment

1. 多花山竹子：生于山地林中。
   Garcinia multiflora: Grows in mountain forests.

2. 岭南山竹子：生于山脚平地、林间、丘陵及湿润肥沃的地方。
   Garcinia oblongifolia: Grows in flat areas at the foot of mountains, forest margins, hills, and moist, fertile soils.