白马骨，中药名。为茜草科六月雪属植物白马骨Serissa serissoides（DC.）Druce或六月雪S.japonica（Thunb.）Thunb.[Lycium japonicum Thunb.；Serissa foetida（L.F.）Comm.J]的全株。具有祛风利湿，清热解毒的功效。主治感冒头痛，咽喉肿痛，目赤，牙痛，湿热黄疸，水肿，泄泻痢疾，腰腿疼痛，咳血，吐血，尿血，妇人白带，小儿疳积，惊风，痈疽肿毒，跌打损伤。
Bai-ma-gu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole plant of Serissa serissoides (DC.) Druce or S. japonica (Thunb.) Thunb. [Lycium japonicum Thunb.; Serissa foetida (L.F.) Comm.J], a plant of the Rubiaceae family. It has the functions of dispelling wind, promoting diuresis, clearing heat, and detoxifying. It is mainly used for treating colds, headaches, sore throat, red eyes, toothaches, damp-heat jaundice, edema, diarrhea, dysentery, lumbago, hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, leukorrhea in women, infantile malnutrition, convulsions, carbuncles, bruises, and injuries.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

祛风利湿，清热解毒。主治
Dispelling wind and dampness, clearing heat and detoxifying. Mainly used for治疗.

感冒头痛，咽喉肿痛，目赤，牙痛，湿热黄疸，水肿，泄泻痢疾，腰腿疼痛，咳血，吐血，尿血，妇人白带，小儿疳积，惊风，痈疽肿毒，跌打损伤。用法用量
Headache, sore throat, red eyes, toothache, damp-heat jaundice, edema, diarrhea, lumbago and leg pain, coughing up blood, vomiting blood, hematuria, abnormal vaginal discharge in women, infantile malnutrition, convulsions, carbuncle, contusion and sprain. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，10-15g，鲜品30-60g。外用：烧灰淋汁涂；或煎水洗；或捣敷。禁忌
Internal use: Decoction, 10-15g dried or 30-60g fresh. External use: Apply the juice after burning the ash; or use as a wash after decoction; or apply as a poultice. Contraindications apply.

《广西中药志》：“阴疽忌用。”药理作用
"Guangxi Materia Medica" states: "Yin ulcer should be avoided." Pharmacological effects.

1、抑制关节炎作用：本品煎剂及乙醇浸剂10g/kg，灌胃给药，对大鼠蛋清性关节炎有显著抑制作用。煎剂及乙醇浸剂5g/kg，灌胃给药，每日1次，连续5d，对甲醛性关节炎也有一定抑制作用。2、抗乙肝病毒作用：体外实验表明，白马骨根水提取物在12.5-100mg/ml的浓度范围内，对乙肝病毒DNA转染细胞（2.2.15细胞）分泌HBsAg、HBeAg有抑制作用。相关论述

1. Anti-arthritis effect: The decoction and ethanol extract of this product at a dose of 10g/kg, administered by gastric lavage, showed significant inhibitory effects on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. When administered at a dose of 5g/kg by gastric lavage once daily for 5 consecutive days, the decoction and ethanol extract also exhibited a certain inhibitory effect on formaldehyde-induced arthritis.2. Anti-hepatitis B virus effect: In vitro experiments have shown that water extracts of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 100mg/ml have inhibitory effects on the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg by hepatitis B virus DNA-transfected cells (2.2.15 cells). Related discussions.

1、《本草拾遗》：“止水痢。”2、《生草药性备要》：“治伤寒，中暑，发狂乱语，火症，亦退身热。”3、《植物名实图考》：“治热证，疮痔，妇人白带。”“根煮鸡子，可治齿痛。”4、《草木便方》：“祛风毒，除风热，清利头目。治偏正头痛，牙、喉痛，胸膈虚热。”5、《岭南采药录》：“解暑热，消积滞，止痢疾；并治伤寒，时疫，发背疮，消痈疽，拔毒。6、《江西民间草药》：“治湿热黄疸，小儿疳积，肚大青筋，目中起翳，咳嗽，痰中带血，妇人产后寒热，尿血，湿热脚气。7、《湖南药物志》：“疏风解表，解毒消肿。主治小儿惊风，腹痛，目翳，齿痛，肾炎。”8、《贵州民间药物》：“清热解毒，舒经活络。治刀伤，瘫痪，男女弱症，飞疔。”9、广州部队《常用中草药手册》：“舒肝解郁，清热利湿，消肿拔毒。治急、慢性肝炎，风湿腰腿痛，痈肿恶疮，蛇伤。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Effective for stopping diarrhea caused by water."2. "Essential Guide to the Properties of Medicinal Herbs": "Used to treat typhoid fever, heatstroke, delirium with incoherent speech, symptoms of excessive internal heat, and to reduce body heat."3. "Illustrated Study of Plant Names and Realities": "Effective for treating heat-related conditions, ulcers, hemorrhoids, abnormal vaginal discharge in women." "Boiling the roots with chicken eggs can alleviate toothache."4. "Handy Formulas of Herbs and Trees": "Dispels wind toxins, clears wind-heat, and benefits the head and eyes. Treats headaches on one side or both sides, toothaches, sore throat, and chest discomfort due to deficient heat."5. "Record of Herbal Medicine Collection in Lingnan": "Relieves summer-heat, resolves accumulations, stops diarrhea; also used for treating typhoid fever, epidemics, back sores, abscesses, and detoxification."6. "Folk Herbal Medicine in Jiangxi": "Treats damp-heat jaundice, infantile malnutrition, abdominal distension with visible veins, corneal opacity, cough with bloody phlegm, postpartum chills and fever in women, hematuria, and athlete's foot caused by damp-heat."7. "Pharmacopoeia of Hunan Province": "Disperses wind, releases the surface, detoxifies, and reduces swelling. Mainly used for infantile convulsions, abdominal pain, corneal opacity, toothache, and nephritis."8. "Folk Medicine in Guizhou": "Clears heat, detoxifies, promotes meridian circulation. Treats knife wounds, paralysis, weakness in men and women, and furuncles."9. "Common Chinese Herbal Medicine Manual of Guangzhou Troops": "Soothes the liver, relieves depression, clears heat, promotes diuresis, reduces swelling, and detoxifies. Used for acute and chronic hepatitis, rheumatic pain in the lower back and legs, abscesses, and snake bites." Clinical applications and related combinations.

1、治湿热黄疸：白马骨根30g，小金钱草（天胡荽）30g。水煎，2次分服。（《江西民间草药》）2、治肝炎：六月雪15g，茵陈30g，山栀子10g，大黄10g。水煎服。（《湖南药物志》）3、治急性角膜炎，角膜云翳：六月雪根，去粗皮，取二层皮，加奶适量，捣烂取汁，再用纱布过滤，滴眼，每日3-5次，每次1-2滴。（《全国中草药汇编》）4、治水痢：白马骨茎叶煮汁服。《《本草拾遗》）5、治关节疼痛：千年矮根90g，猪骨头90g。加水炖服。6、治咳血，吐血：千年矮根30g，猪瘦肉120g。加水炖服。（5、6方出自《河南中草药手册》）7、治血尿：六月雪根30g，灯心草10g。水煎服。8、治大便下血：六月雪、炒地榆各15g。水煎服。（7，8方出自《安徽中草药》）9、治白带：千年矮根60g，芡实20g。水煎取汁，煮鸡蛋2个，吃蛋喝汤。（《河南中草药手册》）10、治牙痛：白马骨45g，合乌贼鱼干炖服。（《泉州本草》）11、治外伤出血：鲜千年矮嫩叶捣烂，敷伤处。（《河南中草药手册》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. Treatment for damp-heat jaundice: 30g of Bai Magu root and 30g of Xiaojinqiancao (Coriandrum tordylium). Decoction, divided into two doses. (From "Folk Herbal Medicine in Jiangxi")2. Treatment for hepatitis: 15g of Liuyuexue, 30g of Yinchensu, 10g of Shanzhizi, and 10g of Dahuang. Decoction for consumption. (From "Pharmacopoeia of Hunan Province")3. Treatment for acute keratitis and corneal opacity: Take the roots of Liuyuexue, remove the rough skin, take the second layer of skin, add an appropriate amount of milk, mash and extract the juice, filter with gauze, and instill into the eyes. Administer 3-5 times a day, 1-2 drops each time. (From "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine")4. Treatment for dysentery: Boil the stems and leaves of Bai Magu, and consume the juice. (From "Compendium of Materia Medica Addendum")5. Treatment for joint pain: 90g of Qiannian Ai root and 90g of pig bones. Stew with water for consumption.6. Treatment for hemoptysis and hematemesis: 30g of Qiannian Ai root and 120g of lean pork. Stew with water for consumption. (Recipes 5 and 6 are from the "Henan Chinese Herbal Medicine Handbook")7. Treatment for hematuria: 30g of Liuyuexue root and 10g of Dengxincao. Decoction for consumption.8. Treatment for bloody stools: 15g each of Liuyuexue and fried Diyu. Decoction for consumption. (Recipes 7 and 8 are from "Anhui Chinese Herbal Medicine")9. Treatment for leukorrhea: 60g of Qiannian Ai root and 20g of Qianshi. Decoction to extract the juice, cook 2 eggs, and consume the eggs with the soup. (From "Henan Chinese Herbal Medicine Handbook")10. Treatment for toothache: 45g of Bai Magu and dried cuttlefish stewed for consumption. (From "Quanzhou Materia Medica")11. Treatment for external bleeding: Crush fresh tender leaves of Qiannian Ai and apply to the wound. (From "Henan Chinese Herbal Medicine Handbook")

4-6月收茎叶，9-10月挖根，切段，鲜用或晒干。药材鉴别 药材性状
Harvest the stems and leaves from April to June, and dig the roots in September to October. Cut them into sections and use them fresh or dry them in the sun. Identification of medicinal materials and their characteristics.

1、白马骨：根细长圆柱形，有分枝，长短不一，直径3-8mm，表面深灰色、灰白色或黄褐色，有纵裂隙，栓皮易剥落。粗枝深灰色，表面有纵裂纹，栓皮易剥落；嫩枝浅灰色，微被毛；断面纤维性，木质，坚硬。叶对生或簇生，薄革质，黄绿色，卷缩或脱落。完整者展平后呈卵形或长圆状卵形，先端短尖或钝，基部渐狭成短柄，全缘，两面羽状网脉突出。枝端叶间有时可见黄白色花，花萼裂片几与冠筒等长；偶见近球形的核果。气微，味淡。2、六月雪：叶狭椭圆形，花萼裂片长仅为冠筒之半。植物学信息 植物种属

1. Osteon of White Horse: The roots are long and cylindrical, with branches of varying lengths and diameters ranging from 3-8mm. The surface is dark gray, gray-white, or yellow-brown, with longitudinal cracks and easily peelable cork. The thick branches are dark gray with longitudinal cracks on the surface, and the cork is easily peeled off; the young branches are light gray and slightly hairy; the cross-section is fibrous, woody, and hard. The leaves are opposite or clustered, thin and leathery, yellow-green, curled or fallen off. When intact, they are ovate or oblong-ovate when flattened, with a short-pointed or blunt apex, gradually narrowing to a short stalk at the base, entire margins, and prominent pinnate veins on both sides. Sometimes yellow-white flowers can be seen between the leaves at the branch tips, with calyx lobes almost equal in length to the corolla tube; occasionally, near-spherical drupes are observed. It has a mild aroma and a bland taste.2. June Snow: The leaves are narrowly elliptic, with calyx lobes only half as long as the corolla tube. Botanical information on plant species.

茜草科六月雪属植物白马骨或六月雪。形态特征
The plant of the Saxifragaceae family is known as white horse bone or June snow. It has distinctive morphological characteristics.

1、白马骨：落叶小灌木，高30-100cm。枝粗壮，灰色。叶对生；有短柄，常聚生于小枝上部；托叶膜质，先端有锥尖状裂片数枚，长1.2-2.5mm；叶片倒卵形或倒披针形，长1.5-3cm，宽5-15mm，先端短尖，基部渐狭，全缘，两面无毛或下面被疏毛。花无梗，丛生于小枝顶或叶腋；苞片1，斜方状椭圆形，顶端针尖，白色；萼5裂，裂片三角状锥尖，有睫毛；花冠管状，白色，内有茸毛1簇，5裂，裂片长圆状披针形；雄蕊5；雌蕊1，柱头分叉，子房下位，五棱，圆柱状。核果近球形，有2个分核。花期4-6月，果期9-11月。2、六月雪：本种与白马骨极相似，惟叶较小，狭椭圆形或椭圆状倒披针形；萼裂片三角形，亦较短。分布区域

1. White Horsebone: A deciduous shrub, 30-100cm tall. Branches are thick and gray. Leaves are opposite; with short petioles, often clustered at the upper part of the twigs; stipules membranous, with several conical lobes at the apex, 1.2-2.5mm long; leaf blades are inverted ovate or inverted lanceolate, 1.5-3cm long, 5-15mm wide, with short pointed tips at the apex, gradually narrowing at the base, entire margins, and are hairless on both sides or sparsely hairy on the underside. Flowers are sessile, clustered at the top of the twigs or in leaf axils; bracts 1, oblique rectangular elliptic, with a needle-like tip at the top, white; calyx 5-lobed, lobes triangular conical with hairs; corolla tubular, white, with a tuft of hairs inside, 5-lobed, lobes oblong-lanceolate; stamens 5; pistil 1, with bifurcated stigma, ovary inferior, pentagonal, cylindrical. Fruits are nearly spherical, with 2 carpels. Flowering period is from April to June, fruiting period is from September to November.2. June Snow: This species is extremely similar to White Horsebone, but with smaller leaves, narrow elliptic or elliptic inverted lanceolate; calyx lobes are triangular and shorter. Distribution area.

1、白马骨：分布于我国中部及南部。2、六月雪：同白马骨。生长环境

1. Bai Ma Gu (White Horse Bone): Distributed in central and southern China.2. Liu Yue Xue (June Snow): Same as Bai Ma Gu. Growing environment.

1、白马骨：生于山坡、路边、溪旁及灌木丛中。2、六月雪：同白马骨。生长见习

1. Bai Ma Gu (White Horse Bone): It grows on mountain slopes, roadsides, by streams, and in shrubs.2. Liu Yue Xue (June Snow): Same habitat as Bai Ma Gu. It grows in a learning environment.

性喜温暖、阴湿，不耐严寒，要求肥沃的砂质壤土，适应性较强。繁殖方式
It prefers warmth and humidity, is not tolerant to severe cold, requires fertile sandy loam soil, and has strong adaptability. Method of reproduction.

用分株和扦插繁殖。栽培技术
Propagate through division and cuttings. Cultivation techniques.

分株宜在春季进行。扦插繁殖：在10-11月选取二年生健壮枝条，剪成15-17cm小段，进行扦插，在20℃的条件下，约30d即可生根，翌年的雨季移栽，保持株距45-50cm，移栽后注意浇水，除草，追肥管理。
Division is suitable in spring. For propagation by cuttings: select strong two-year-old branches in October to November, cut them into 15-17cm sections, and insert them for cuttings. Rooting can be achieved in about 30 days under 20°C conditions. Transplant during the rainy season of the following year, maintain a plant spacing of 45-50cm, and pay attention to watering, weeding, and fertilization management after transplanting.