杏子，中药名。为蔷薇科杏属植物杏Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.、山杏A.sibirica Lam.等的果实。具有润肺定喘，生津止渴的功效。主治肺燥咳嗽，津伤口渴。
Apricot, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Xing-zi). The fruit of plants in the genus Armeniaca of the Rosaceae family, such as Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. and A. sibirica Lam. It has the effects of moistening the lungs and relieving cough, and generating fluids to quench thirst. It is mainly used to treat dry cough due to lung dryness and thirst caused by body fluid injury.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

润肺定喘，生津止渴。主治
Moistening the lungs to relieve asthma, generating fluids to quench thirst. This formula is used to treat...

肺燥咳嗽，津伤口渴。用法用量
Dry cough due to lung dryness, accompanied by thirst from fluid injury. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，6-12g，或生食，或晒干为脯，适量。注意事项
Internal use: Decoction, 6-12g, or raw consumption, or sun-dried as jerky, appropriate amount. Precautions.

不宜多食。1、扁鹊：“多食动宿疾，令人目盲，须眉落。”（引自《纲目》）2、崔禹锡《食经》：“不可多食，生痈疖，伤筋骨。”3、《本草衍义》：“小儿尤不可食，多致疮痈及上膈热。”4、《宝庆本草折衷》：“多食伤神，令人目盲。”5、《日用本草》：“食之无益，伤筋骨，昏精神，生痰热，小儿、产妇忌食。谚云：桃饱杏伤人，良有意也。”化学成分
Not suitable for overconsumption. 1. Bian Que: "Overeating can cause chronic diseases, blindness, and loss of eyebrows." (quoted from "Outline of Chinese Medicine") 2. Cui Yuxi's "Dietary Canon": "Should not be overeaten, can cause boils, abscesses, and damage to tendons and bones." 3. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Children should especially avoid eating it, as it can lead to ulcers, abscesses, and upper chest heat." 4. "Baoqing Materia Medica Synopsis": "Overeating can damage the spirit and cause blindness." 5. "Daily Materia Medica": "Eating it is of no benefit, can harm tendons and bones, cloud the mind, produce phlegm and heat, and should be avoided by children and pregnant women. There is a saying: 'Eating too many peaches and apricots harms people, there is a good reason for this.'" Chemical composition.

1、杏果实含枸橼酸、苹果酸、香草酸、3,4二羟基苯甲酸、绿原酸等有机酸；槲皮素、槲皮苷、芸香苷、金丝桃苷、山柰酚等黄酮类化合物。还含挥发性成分：月桂烯、柠檬烯、对聚伞花素、异松油烯、反式的2-己烯醇、α松油醇、牻牛儿醛、牻牛儿醇、2-甲基丁酸、乙酸、芳樟醇、顺式及反式的环氧二氢芳樟醇、γ辛酸内酯、y癸酸内酯。又含精氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸亮氨酸和很少量的赖氨酸、缬氨酸、甲硫氨酸等氨基酸；维生素B、C，烟酸，去氢抗坏血酸，胡萝卜素和少量γ胡萝卜素及番茄烃以及磷、锌5等。另含香味成分：1-丁醇、异丁醇、异戊醛、乙酸丁酯、乙酸己酯、苯乙醛、2,6,6三甲基-2-乙烯基-四氢吡喃、紫罗兰酮、甲苯、丁酸、棕榈酸等。2、山杏果实含山梨糖醇、葡萄糖和多糖。相关论述

1. Apricot fruit contains organic acids such as citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and chlorogenic acid; flavonoids such as quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isoquercitrin, and phloretin. It also contains volatile components such as linalool, limonene, eugenol, α-pinene, trans-2-hexenol, α-terpineol, farnesal, farnesol, 2-methylbutanoic acid, acetic acid, linalool, cis- and trans-epoxydihydrocinnamyl alcohol, γ-octalactone, γ-decalactone. It also contains amino acids such as arginine, serine, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, proline, threonine, tyrosine, leucine, and small amounts of lysine, valine, methionine, and other amino acids; vitamins B, C, niacin, dehydroascorbic acid, carotene, small amounts of γ-carotene, lycopene, phosphorus, zinc, etc. It also contains aromatic compounds such as 1-butanol, isobutanol, valeraldehyde, butyl acetate, hexyl acetate, benzaldehyde, 2,6,6-trimethyl-2-vinyl-tetrahydropyran, ionone, toluene, butyric acid, palmitic acid, etc.2. The fruit of Chinese wild apricot contains sorbitol, glucose, and polysaccharides. Related discussions.

1、《千金方》：“其中核犹未眾者，采之暴干食之，甚止渴，去冷热毒。”2、《滇南本草》：“治心中冷热，止渴定喘，解瘟疫。”3、柴裔《食鉴本草》：“心病人宜之。”4、《医林纂要》：“能泄火。”5、《食物考》：“曝脯去冷，止渴益心。”临床应用 临床应用

1. "Qian Jin Fang": "For those with lingering thirst, pick and dry the seeds, eat them raw, it can greatly quench thirst, and dispel cold and heat toxins."2. "Dian Nan Ben Cao": "Used for treating internal cold and heat in the heart, relieving thirst, calming wheezing, and resolving pestilence."3. Chai Ye's "Shi Jian Ben Cao": "Suitable for people with heart diseases."4. "Yi Lin Zuan Yao": "Capable of clearing heat."5. "Shi Wu Kao": "Dried persimmons dispel cold, quench thirst, and benefit the heart." Clinical application.

药膳食疗：冰糖杏肉：功效：祛痰止咳、平喘、润肠。治外感咳嗽、喘满、喉痹、肠燥便秘。原材料：杏200克。冰糖30克。吉士粉5克。做法：熟透的杏洗干净。晾干水分后放到搅碎机里搅成糊。吉士粉加少许清水稀释备用。锅里放水约100毫升，放冰糖开中火炒至糖发黏冒大泡泡后倒入杏糊继续炒制。待杏酱发黏倒入吉士粉水略炒即可。用法：随意食用。相关配伍
Medicated diet therapy: Apricot with Rock Sugar: Effects: Relieves phlegm, stops coughing, soothes asthma, and moisturizes the intestines. Used for treating coughs, asthma, throat obstruction, and constipation caused by external pathogens. Ingredients: 200g apricot, 30g rock sugar, 5g arrowroot powder. Instructions: Wash the ripe apricots thoroughly and let them dry. Put them in a blender to make a paste. Dilute the arrowroot powder with a little water. In a pot, add about 100ml of water, put in the rock sugar, and stir-fry over medium heat until the sugar becomes sticky and forms large bubbles. Then pour in the apricot paste and continue stir-frying. When the apricot jam thickens, add the arrowroot powder water and stir-fry briefly. Usage: Can be consumed as desired. Relevant combinations.

治人口生疮：杏子一枚，黄连一节，甘草一寸。凡三物治下，绵絮裹之。内著口中含之。（《医心方》）加工炮制 采收加工
Treating mouth sores: one apricot kernel, one section of coptis, one inch of licorice root. Use these three ingredients to make a soft cotton ball, place it in the mouth and keep it there. (From "Yi Xin Fang") Processing and preparation: harvesting and processing.

6-7月果实成熟时采收，鲜用或晒干。植物学信息 植物种属
The fruits are harvested when they ripen in June and July, and can be used fresh or dried in the sun. Botanical information: Plant species.

蔷薇科杏属植物杏。形态特征
Rosaceae, Prunus armeniaca, commonly known as apricot. Morphological characteristics.

1、杏：落叶小乔木，髙4-10m；树皮暗红棕色，纵裂。单叶互生；叶片圆卵形或宽卵形，长5-9cm，宽4-8cm春季先叶开花，花单生枝端，着生较密，稍似总状；花几无梗，花萼基部成筒状，外面被短柔毛，上部5裂；花瓣5，白色或浅粉红色，圆形至宽倒卵形；雄蕊多数，着生萼筒边缘；雌蕊单心皮，着生尊筒基部。核果圆形，稀倒卵形，直径2.5cm以上。种子，心状卵形，浅红色。花期3-4月，果期6-7月。2、野杏：本变种的主要特征为：叶片基部楔形或宽楔形；花常2朵簇生，淡红色；果实近球形，红色；核卵球形，离肉，表面粗糙而有网纹，腹棱常锐利。3、山杏：灌木或小乔木，高2-5m。叶卵形或近圆形，长（3-）5-10cm，宽（2.5-）4-7cm。花单生，直径1.5-2cm；萼片长圆状椭圆形，先端尖；花瓣近圆形或倒卵形，白色或粉红色。果实扁球形，直径1.5-2.5cm，两侧扁，果肉薄而干燥，熟时开裂，味酸涩。核易与果肉分离，基部一侧不对称，平滑。花期3-4月，果期6-7月。4、东北杏：大乔木，高5-15m。幼枝无毛。叶椭圆形或卵形，长6-12cm，宽3-8cm。花粉红色或白色；雄蕊多数；子房密被柔毛。核果近球形，直径1.5-2.6cm，黄色；核近球形或宽椭圆形，长13-18mm宽11-18mm，粗糙，边缘钝。花期4-5月，果期7月。分布区域

1. Apricot: A deciduous small tree, 4-10m tall; bark dark reddish-brown, longitudinally fissured. Leaves alternate; leaf blade round-ovate or broadly ovate, 5-9cm long, 4-8cm wide. Flowers appear before leaves in spring, solitary at branch tips, densely clustered, somewhat resembling a raceme; flowers nearly sessile, calyx tubular at base, covered with short soft hairs on the outside, upper part 5-lobed; petals 5, white or light pink, round to broadly ovate; numerous stamens attached to the edge of the calyx tube; ovary solitary, attached at the base of the calyx tube. Fruit round, occasionally ovoid, over 2.5cm in diameter. Seeds heart-shaped ovate, light red. Flowering period March-April, fruiting period June-July.2. Wild apricot: The main characteristics of this subspecies are: leaf base wedge-shaped or broadly wedge-shaped; flowers often in clusters of 2, pale pink; fruit nearly spherical, red; kernel ovoid, detached from flesh, rough and reticulated on the surface, ventral ridge often sharp.3. Mountain apricot: Shrubs or small trees, 2-5m tall. Leaves ovate or nearly round, (3-)5-10cm long, (2.5-)4-7cm wide. Flowers solitary, 1.5-2cm in diameter; sepals oblong-elliptic, pointed at the tip; petals nearly round or inversely ovate, white or pink. Fruit flattened spherical, 1.5-2.5cm in diameter, compressed on both sides, thin and dry flesh, splits when ripe, taste sour and astringent. Kernel easily separated from flesh, one side of the base asymmetric, smooth. Flowering period March-April, fruiting period June-July.4. Northeast apricot: Large tree, 5-15m tall. Young branches hairless. Leaves elliptic or ovate, 6-12cm long, 3-8cm wide. Flowers pink or white; numerous stamens; ovary densely covered with soft hairs. Fruit nearly spherical, 1.5-2.6cm in diameter, yellow; kernel nearly spherical or broadly elliptic, 13-18mm long, 11-18mm wide, rough, blunt edges. Flowering period April-May, fruiting period July. Distribution area.

1、杏：分布于全国各地，多系栽培。在新疆伊犁一带有野生。2、野杏：主要产于我国北部地区，栽培或野生，尤其在河北、山西等地普遍野生，山东、江苏等地也产。3、山杏：分布于东北、华北和甘肃等地。4、东北杏：分布于吉林、辽宁等地。生长环境

1. Apricot: distributed throughout the country, mostly cultivated. Wild varieties can be found in the Yili region of Xinjiang.2. Wild apricot: mainly produced in the northern regions of China, cultivated or wild, especially widely found in the wild in places like Hebei and Shanxi, also produced in Shandong, Jiangsu, and other areas.3. Mountain apricot: distributed in Northeast China, North China, Gansu, and other regions.4. Northeast apricot: found in Jilin, Liaoning, and other areas. Growing environment.

1、山杏：生于海拔700-2000m的干燥向阳山坡、丘陵草原。2、东北杏：生于海拔400-1000m的开阔的向阳山坡灌木林或杂木林下。生长见习

1. Shan Xing: Grows on dry, sunny mountain slopes and hilly grasslands at altitudes of 700-2000 meters.2. Northeast Xing: Grows in open, sunny mountain slopes with shrubbery or mixed forests at altitudes of 400-1000 meters.

适应性强，耐旱，耐寒，耐瘠薄，抗盐碱。夏季在43.9℃高温下能生长正常；在-40℃低温可安全越冬。可栽种于平地或坡地。对土壤要求不严。繁殖方式
Strong adaptability, drought resistance, cold resistance, poor soil tolerance, and salt-alkali resistance. It can grow normally at a high temperature of 43.9°C in summer; it can safely overwinter at a low temperature of -40°C. It can be planted on flat ground or slopes. It does not have strict requirements for soil. Methods of reproduction.

种子繁殖或嫁接繁殖。栽培技术
Seed propagation or grafting propagation. Cultivation techniques.

1、种子繁殖：采摘成熟果实，搓去果肉，取其种子。以1：3湿沙混合进行冬季沙藏。春播于3月下旬，秋播于11月下旬（秋播种子可不经过沙藏，放于通风处阴干后即可播种）。常采用大垅播种，每垅播种1行，点播株距为10-15cm，每穴1颗种子，播后覆土厚5-6cm（约为种子直径的3倍），镇压。2、嫁接繁殖：砧木用杏播种的实生苗或山杏苗，枝接于3月下旬，芽接于7月上旬至8月下旬进行。病虫防治

1. Seed propagation: Harvest mature fruits, rub off the flesh, and collect the seeds. Mix with wet sand at a ratio of 1:3 for winter sand storage. Sow in late March for spring planting, and in late November for autumn planting (seeds for autumn planting can be sown without sand storage, just air-dry in a ventilated place before sowing). It is common to sow in large mounds, with one row per mound, spacing the seedlings 10-15cm apart, planting one seed per hole, covering with soil 5-6cm thick after sowing (approximately 3 times the diameter of the seed), and pressing down firmly.2. Grafting propagation: Use apricot-seeded seedlings or wild apricot seedlings as rootstocks, grafting in late March and budding from early July to late August. Disease and pest control.

1、病害有：杏疔叶斑，发芽前喷5度石硫合剂，展叶时喷0.3度石硫合剂。2、虫害：有杏象鼻虫，另有袋蛾、天牛等。

1. Diseases include: apricot pit spot. Spray a 5-degree sulfur mixture before germination, and spray a 0.3-degree sulfur mixture when the leaves are unfolding.2. Pests: There are apricot weevils, as well as bagworms, longhorn beetles, and others.