黄麻子，中药名。为椴树科黄麻属植物黄麻Corchorus capsularis L.的种子。具有活血，调经，止咳的功效。主治血枯经闭，月经不调，久咳。
Huang-ma-zi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the seed of the plant Corchorus capsularis L. of the Tiliaceae family. It has the functions of promoting blood circulation, regulating menstruation, and relieving cough. It is used to treat symptoms such as blood deficiency causing amenorrhea, irregular menstruation, and chronic cough.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy, function.

活血，调经，止咳。主治
Promoting blood circulation, regulating menstruation, and relieving cough. Mainly used for treating...

血枯经闭，月经不调，久咳。用法用量
Blood deficiency causing meridian blockage, irregular menstruation, and chronic cough. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，3-9g。注意事项
Internal administration: Decoction, 3-9g. Precautions.

阴虚久嗽、气逆及咳血者忌服。1、宋震亨：下虚及怒气上升者不宜。2、《本经逢原》：阴虚久嗽不宜用，以其通阳泄气也。化学成分
Patients with chronic cough due to Yin deficiency, rebellious Qi, or hemoptysis should avoid taking this medication. 1. According to Song Zhenheng: It is not suitable for those with deficiency in the lower body and rising anger. 2. From "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": It is not suitable for long-term cough due to Yin deficiency, as it can promote Yang and dissipate Qi. Chemical composition.

种子含黄麻属甙A、长蒴黄麻甙、葡萄糖芥甙。从发酵后的种子中还分离出七里香甙甲和少量黄麻属醇甙A，还含黄麻苦素、蔗糖、棉子糖、水苏糖、毛蕊草糖。种子油含油酸甘油酯39.18％、亚油酸甘油酯44.63％、花生酸0.169％、植物甾醇0.6145％和少量棕榈酸、硬脂酸。药理作用
The seeds contain A-type hemicellulose, long-calyx hemicellulose, and glucosinolate. From the fermented seeds, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and a small amount of hemicellulose alcohol A can be isolated. They also contain hemicellulose bitter substances, sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose. The seed oil contains 39.18% oleic acid glycerides, 44.63% linoleic acid glycerides, 0.169% arachidic acid, 0.6145% plant sterols, and small amounts of palmitic acid and stearic acid. Pharmacological effects.

1、强心作用：黄麻属甙A、长蒴黄麻甙对在位蛙、兔、猫心均表现心肌收缩力增强、舒张期延长、心率减慢以及其在心电图上的改变，均证明有典型的强心甙作用，其作用性质与毒毛旋花子甙K相似。黄麻属甙A对在位猫心，主要表现在提高心肌张力，对心脏收缩幅度的增大，无长蒴黄麻甙显着，后者收缩幅度增加200～250％，前者增加60％，二者减慢心率的作用，是通过作用于支配心脏的神经及迷走神经中枢所致；黄麻属甙A在衰竭的豚鼠、猫心肺制备上，使心输出量增加，静脉压降低，临床上亦表现良好的强心作用。国产圆蒴及长蒴黄麻提取液，通过在位蛙心、猫心，心肺制备、心电图等实验，亦证实了具有强心甙的作用。2、对实验性心肌病变的影响：黄麻属甙A及长蒴黄麻甙对实验性心肌炎的家兔，能减轻其临床症状，并防止以后心肌硬化的发展。后者能改善垂体及凝血酶所导致的冠脉循环紊乱的狗的心肌能量代谢过程。前者能很快的使结扎左冠状动脉前降支所形成的心肌梗死的狗及兔的血循环恢复正常，并加速其心肌的修复过程；在急性冠脉循环不足的犬实验中，黄麻属甙A治疗作用的可靠性及治疗范围均较铃兰毒甙优越。长蒴黄麻甙与苏联产薯蓣中分离出之皂甙合用，对实验性动脉粥样硬化之家兔，不仅能抑制胆甾醇的上升，而且可以防止动脉粥样硬化的发展，在临床上，长蒴黄麻甙对动脉粥样硬化心脏病，亦有所改善。用垂体及凝血酶对实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔形成冠脉循环不足时，长蒴黄麻甙对循环紊乱的急性蒴表现的治疗作用，主要是改善了组织呼吸及氧化磷酸化过程。在实验性动脉粥样硬化之家兔、垂体及凝血酶能使心肌之细胞色素氧化酶及琥路酸脱氢酶进一步下降，长蒴黄麻甙及黄麻属甙A则能阻止之，并使心肌酶含量增加。结扎其冠脉形成之心肌梗死，二者均表现治疗作用。3、对血管及血压的影响：长蒴黄麻甙及黄麻屠甙A对离体猫心冠状血流量影响不恒定，前者0.01毫克/公斤对在位猫心之冠状窦血流量，初期轻度减少，然后明显增加，并能提高心肌耗氧量，如与茶碱合用，茶碱可取消它初期的冠状血流量减少现象，在增加冠状血流量及心肌氧摄取方面，二者起协同作用。长蒴黄麻甙对兔耳血管，低浓度无影响，高浓度使之收缩，对动脉粥样硬化的兔耳，收缩作用更明显；黄麻属甙A低浓度使之扩张，高浓度则使之收缩。长蒴黄麻甙对在位猫心的升压影响不大，但对实验性动脉粥样硬化的家兔则明显，而且持续时间比健康动物要长一倍；黄麻属甙A小量仅短时间升压，大剂量则引起明显、稳定的升压作用。4、其他作用：长蒴黄麻甙及黄麻属甙A对中枢有镇静作用。二者对健康与动脉粥样硬化的兔的利尿作用，因各种情况而变动，但总的趋向是尿量增加，在临床上，二者对心脏功能不足的病人均表现利尿作用，如预先给猫利尿剂以促进电解质排出，可使长蒴黄麻甙易于出现心率不齐。长蒴黄麻甙能提高去脑大鼠心肌摄取氧的能力，但毒性剂量的黄麻属甙A则降低之，黄麻属甙A能使病人动脉血氧含量增加。长蒴黄麻甙可使大鼠心肌糖元含量升高，毒性剂量则使之降低，但此变化是可逆的。二者均能抑制细胞膜阳离子转运所必需的ATP-酶。5、吸收、消除、蓄积：黄麻属甙A经肠给药的效应较低，且不规则。长蒴黄麻甙直肠给药较静脉注射之最大耐受量大10倍。黄麻属甙A旰消除率为26.9％，比羊免拗甙（54～61％）低；蓄积性亦极低，24小时已无蓄积，较毒毛旋花子甙K（15％）、羊角拗甙（41％），铃兰毒甙（25％）均低。长蒴黄麻甙24小时蓄积26％，48小时10％。6、生物活性及毒性：黄麻属甙A的生物活性0.083±0.0039mg/kg（猫法），较长蒴黄麻甙、毒毛旋花子甙K高，与铃兰毒甙相近；长蒴黄麻：甙的生物效价与毒毛旋花子甙K接近。测定其生物活性以鸽法为优。黄麻属甙A的治疗范围（豚鼠及猫心肺制备，测定治疗量/致死量，中毒量/致死量）较毒毛旋花子甙K及g均大，其最大耐受量与最小致死量之比为1：2，长蒴黄麻甙为1：3.8，毒毛旋花于甙K为1：2.6，羊角勘甙为1：2。黄麻二甙（为长蒴黄麻甙与葡萄糖芥甙混合甙）可能为中时作用的心甙，生物活性0.14±0.008毫克/公斤（猫法），24小时蓄积61.8±6.5％，在某些方面优于长蒴黄麻甙。预给黄麻属甙A、黄麻二甙（豚鼠），继给毒毛旋花子甙g表现相加作用，如给药顺序相反，则起超相加作用。相关论述

1. Positive inotropic effect: The saponins A of Abelmoschus genus and the saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis have been shown to enhance myocardial contractility, prolong diastole, slow heart rate, and induce typical positive inotropic effects in frogs, rabbits, and cat hearts, as evidenced by changes in electrocardiograms. The nature of their effects is similar to that of the saponin K from Gleditsia sinensis. Saponins A of Abelmoschus genus mainly increase myocardial tension in cat hearts, enhancing the amplitude of cardiac contraction. In heart failure models in guinea pigs and cats, saponins A increase cardiac output, reduce venous pressure, and exhibit good positive inotropic effects clinically. Extracts of Abelmoschus genus and Hibiscus mutabilis produced in China have also been shown to have positive inotropic effects through experiments on frog hearts, cat hearts, heart-lung preparations, and electrocardiograms.2. Effects on experimental myocardial lesions: Saponins A of Abelmoschus genus and saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis can alleviate clinical symptoms of experimental myocarditis in rabbits and prevent the subsequent development of myocardial sclerosis. The latter can improve myocardial energy metabolism in dogs with coronary circulation disorders induced by pituitary and thrombin. The former can quickly restore normal blood circulation in dogs and rabbits with myocardial infarction induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and accelerate the myocardial repair process. In acute coronary circulation insufficiency in dogs, the therapeutic effects of saponins A of Abelmoschus genus are more reliable and superior in range compared to ginsenoside from Panax notoginseng. When combined with saponins from Hibiscus mutabilis and saponins isolated from Soviet Dioscorea, they can inhibit the rise of cholesterol and prevent the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits, showing improvement in atherosclerotic heart disease in clinical settings.3. Effects on blood vessels and blood pressure: The saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis and saponins A of Abelmoschus genus have varying effects on coronary blood flow in isolated cat hearts. The former at a low concentration has no effect, while at a high concentration it causes constriction, especially in atherosclerotic rabbit ears. Saponins A of Abelmoschus genus cause dilation at low concentrations and constriction at high concentrations. The saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis have minimal effects on raising blood pressure in cat hearts but are significant in experimental atherosclerotic rabbits, with a duration twice as long as in healthy animals. Saponins A of Abelmoschus genus cause a short-term increase in blood pressure at low doses and a significant, stable increase at high doses.4. Other effects: The saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis and saponins A of Abelmoschus genus have sedative effects on the central nervous system. Both have diuretic effects in healthy and atherosclerotic rabbits, with variations depending on the situation, but overall leading to increased urine output. In patients with cardiac insufficiency, they exhibit diuretic effects. The saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis can enhance oxygen uptake in rat myocardium, while toxic doses of saponins A of Abelmoschus genus reduce it. Saponins A of Abelmoschus genus can increase arterial blood oxygen content in patients. The saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis can increase myocardial glycogen content in rats, which is reversible. Both can inhibit the ATPase necessary for ion transport across cell membranes.5. Absorption, elimination, and accumulation: The oral efficacy of saponins A of Abelmoschus genus is low and irregular. Rectal administration of saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis has a tenfold higher maximum tolerated dose compared to intravenous injection. The elimination rate of saponins A of Abelmoschus genus is 26.9%, lower than that of ginsenosides from Panax notoginseng (54-61%). The accumulation is also very low, with no accumulation after 24 hours, lower than that of saponin K from Gleditsia sinensis (15%), ginsenosides from Panax ginseng (41%), and ginsenosides from Panax notoginseng (25%). The saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis accumulate 26% after 24 hours and 10% after 48 hours.6. Biological activity and toxicity: The biological activity of saponins A of Abelmoschus genus is 0.083±0.0039 mg/kg (cat method), higher than that of saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis and saponin K from Gleditsia sinensis, and similar to that of ginsenosides. The saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis have a biological potency close to that of saponin K from Gleditsia sinensis. The therapeutic range of saponins A of Abelmoschus genus is greater than that of saponin K from Gleditsia sinensis and ginsenosides, with a ratio of maximum tolerated dose to minimum lethal dose of 1:2. The saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis have a ratio of 1:3.8, saponin K from Gleditsia sinensis 1:2.6, and ginsenosides 1:2. The combination of saponins of Hibiscus mutabilis and saponins A of Abelmoschus genus may have a synergistic effect, while the reverse order may have a superadditive effect.

1、《医方集听》：治咳伤肺。2、《广西药植名录》：麻醉，强心，治血崩。临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Yi Fang Ji Ting": Treats cough and lung injury.2. "Guangxi Medicinal Plant Catalog": Anesthetic, cardiac tonic, treats hemorrhage. Clinical applications and related compatibility.

治妇女干血痨及月经不调：黄麻种子五至六钱，水煎服。（江西《草药手册》）加工炮制 采收加工
Treatment for dry tuberculosis in women and irregular menstruation: Take five to six grams of yellow hemp seeds, decoct in water and take orally. (Jiangxi "Herbal Manual") Processing method: Harvest and process.

10-11月采收成熟果实，去掉果皮，将种子晒干。植物学信息 植物种属
Harvest the ripe fruits in October and November, remove the fruit peel, and sun-dry the seeds. Botanical information: Plant species.

椴树科黄麻属植物黄麻。分布区域
The plant Huangma belongs to the family of Tiliaceae. It is distributed in the following regions: [需要补充具体的分布区域信息]

我国长江以南各地普遍栽培。生长环境
Cultivated widely in various regions south of the Yangtze River in China. Growing environment.

生于荒野或人工栽培。
Born in the wild or cultivated by humans.