赤瓟，中药名。为葫芦科植物赤瓟Thladiantha dubia Bunge的果实。具有理气，活血，祛痰，利湿的功效。主治反胃吐酸，肺痨咳血，黄疸，痢疾，胸胁疼痛，跌打扭伤，筋骨疼痛，闭经。
Chi-bo, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the fruit of the plant Thladiantha dubia Bunge in the gourd family, has the effects of soothing the liver, promoting blood circulation, resolving phlegm, and eliminating dampness. It is used to treat acid regurgitation, pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, jaundice, dysentery, chest and rib pain, bruises and sprains, musculoskeletal pain, and amenorrhea.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

具有理气，活血，祛痰，利湿。
Regulating qi, promoting blood circulation, resolving phlegm, and eliminating dampness.

主治 Indications

反胃吐酸，肺痨咳血，黄疸，痢疾，胸胁疼痛，跌打扭伤，筋骨疼痛，闭经。
Nausea and acid vomiting, coughing up blood due to pulmonary tuberculosis, jaundice, dysentery, chest and rib pain, bruises and sprains, muscle and bone pain, and amenorrhea.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，5-10g；或研末。
Internal use: decoction, 5-10g; or powdered.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《东北药植志》：“顺气，调气。”

1. "Regulate qi, harmonize qi." - "Compendium of Medicinal Plants in Northeast China."

2、《黑龙江中药》：“治扭腰岔气，胸胁疼痛。”
2. "Used for treating waist sprain with qi obstruction, chest and rib pain." - "Heilongjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine."

3、《东北常用中草药手册》：“祛痰，止呕。”
3. "Resolve phlegm, stop vomiting." - "Handbook of Commonly Used Medicinal Herbs in Northeast China."

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：果实成熟后连柄摘下，防止果实破裂，用线将果柄串起，挂于日光下或通风处晒干为止。
The fruits are harvested with their stems after ripening to prevent breakage. The stems are strung together with thread and hung in sunlight or a well-ventilated area until completely dried.

保存方法：置通风干燥处，防止潮湿霉烂及虫蛀。
Storage method: Keep in a well-ventilated and dry place to prevent dampness, mold, and insect infestation.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Material

药材性状：干燥果实呈卵圆形、椭圆形至长圆形，常压扁，长约3-5cm，直径约1.5-3cm。橙黄色、橙红色、红色至红棕色。表面皱缩，有极稀的白色茸毛及纵沟纹，顶端有残留柱基，基部有细而弯曲的果柄。果皮厚1mm左右，内表面粘连多数黄色长圆形的小颗粒，系不发育的种子，中心有多数扁卵形、棕黑色的成熟种子，新鲜时质软而粘。气特异。味甜。
The medicinal material is the dried fruit, which is ovoid, elliptical to oblong, often flattened, about 3–5 cm long and 1.5–3 cm in diameter. Color ranges from orange-yellow to orange-red, red, or reddish-brown. The surface is wrinkled, with sparse white hairs and longitudinal grooves. The top has a residual stigma base, and the base has a thin, curved pedicel. The fruit skin is about 1 mm thick. The inner surface adheres to numerous small yellow oblong particles—undeveloped seeds. In the center are many flat-ovate, brown-black mature seeds that are soft and sticky when fresh. It has a unique aroma and a sweet taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：葫芦科植物赤瓟。
Botanical species: Thladiantha dubia, a plant of the Cucurbitaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

攀缘草质藤本。全株被黄白色长柔毛状硬毛。根块状，茎稍粗壮，上有棱沟。叶柄稍粗，长2-6cm；叶片宽卵状心形，长5-8cm，宽4-9cm，先端急尖或短渐尖，基部心形，边缘浅波状，两面粗糙，脉上有长硬毛。卷须纤细，被长柔毛，单一。花雌雄异株；雄花单生，或聚生于短枝的上端，呈假总状花序，有时2-3朵花生于花梗上，花梗细长；花萼筒极短，近辐状，裂片披针形，向外反折，具3脉，两面均被长柔毛；花冠黄色，裂片长圆形，长2-2.5cm，宽0.8-1.2cm，具5脉，上部向外反折，外面被短柔毛，内面有短的疣状腺点；雄蕊5，其中1枚分离，其余4枚两两稍靠合，有退化子房半球形；雌花单生，花梗细；花萼、花冠同雄花；退化雄蕊5，子房长圆形，密被长柔毛，花柱无毛，自3-4mm处分3叉，柱头膨大，肾形，2裂。果实长卵状长圆形，长4-5cm，径2.8cm，先端有残存的花柱基，基部稍变狭，表面橙黄色或红棕色，有光泽，被柔毛，具10条明显的纵纹。种子卵形，黑色，平滑无毛，长4.5mm，宽2.5-3mm，厚1.5mm。花期6-8月，果期8-10月。
It is a climbing herbaceous vine, covered with yellow-white long soft and stiff hairs. Roots are tuberous. Stems are slightly stout with ridges. Petioles are thick, 2–6 cm long. Leaf blades are broadly ovate-heart-shaped, 5–8 cm long, 4–9 cm wide, abruptly acute or shortly acuminate at the apex, heart-shaped at the base, with shallowly undulate margins. Both sides are rough, with long stiff hairs on the veins. Tendrils are slender, covered with long soft hairs, solitary. Flowers are dioecious. Male flowers are solitary or clustered at the upper end of short branches, forming a false raceme; sometimes 2–3 flowers arise on a common peduncle. The calyx tube is very short, nearly radial, with lanceolate lobes reflexed outward, 3-veined, covered with long soft hairs on both sides. Corolla is yellow, with oblong lobes 2–2.5 cm long, 0.8–1.2 cm wide, 5-veined, reflexed outward at the apex, with short soft hairs externally and short wart-like glandular dots internally. Five stamens: one separate, the other four slightly paired, with a hemispherical rudimentary ovary. Female flowers are solitary, with slender pedicels. Calyx and corolla resemble those of male flowers. Five rudimentary stamens. Ovary is oblong, densely covered with long soft hairs. Style is glabrous, trifurcated from 3–4 mm, stigma enlarged, kidney-shaped, 2-lobed. Fruit is oblong-ellipsoid, 4–5 cm long, 2.8 cm in diameter, with a persistent stigma remnant at the apex and slightly narrowed at the base. Surface is orange-yellow or reddish-brown, shiny, hairy, with 10 prominent longitudinal stripes. Seeds are ovoid, black, smooth and hairless, 4.5 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, 1.5 mm thick. Flowering period: June to August. Fruiting period: August to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、山东等地。
Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Shandong and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1300-1800m的山坡、河谷及林缘处。
Grows on slopes, river valleys, and forest edges at altitudes of 1300–1800 meters.