檵花，中药名。为金缕梅科橙木属植物檵木 Loropetalum chinense（R.Br.）Oliv.的花。具有清热止咳，收敛止血的功效。主治肺热咳嗽，咯血，鼻衄，便血，痢疾，泄泻，崩漏。
Ji-hua, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the flower of Loropetalum chinense (R.Br.) Oliv., a plant of the family Hamamelidaceae. It has the effects of clearing heat and stopping cough, as well as astringent and hemostatic properties. It is used to treat lung heat cough, hemoptysis, epistaxis, hematochezia, dysentery, diarrhea, and menometrorrhagia.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热止咳，收敛止血。
Clearing heat and stopping cough, astringing to stop bleeding.

主治 Indications

肺热咳嗽，咯血，鼻衄，便血，痢疾，泄泻，崩漏。
Lung heat cough, hemoptysis, epistaxis, bloody stools, dysentery, diarrhea, and menorrhagia.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-10g。外用：研末撒；或鲜品揉团塞鼻。
Internal use: Decoction, 6-10g. External use: Powdered for sprinkling; or fresh product rolled into a ball for nasal packing.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

花含槲皮素0.156％和异槲皮甙0.321％。
The flower contains 0.156% quercetin and 0.321% isoquercitrin.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1. 干叶粉末对兔股动脉切口有止血作用。
   The powder of dried leaves has a hemostatic effect on the incision of rabbit femoral artery.

2. 小鼠腹腔注射的半数致死量为54g/kg。
   The median lethal dose (LD50) of intraperitoneal injection in mice is 54g/kg.

3. 木黄酮能明显增加猫冠状窦流量，减慢心率，并有扩张外周血管的作用。
   Hesperidin can significantly increase the flow rate of feline coronary sinus, slow down heart rate, and has a vasodilating effect on peripheral blood vessels.

临床应用 Clinical Application

①治鼻衄：花四钱，水煎服。（《江西民间草药》）
For treating nosebleeds: Take four qian of flowers, decoct in water and take orally. (From "Folk Herbal Medicine in Jiangxi")

②治痢疾：花三钱，骨碎补三钱，荆芥一钱五分，青木香二钱。水煎服。（《湖南药物志》）
For treating dysentery: Take three qian of flowers, three qian of Drynaria fortunei, one qian and five fen of Schizonepeta tenuifolia, and two qian of Asarum heterotropoides. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Pharmacopoeia of Hunan")

③治血崩：花四钱炖猪肉，一日分数次服。（《浙江天目山药植志》）
For treating menorrhagia: Stew four qian of flowers with pork, and take it several times a day. (From "Medicinal Plant Records of Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang")

④治遗精：木花四钱，猪瘦肉四两。水炖，服汤食肉，每日一剂。（《江西草药》）
For treating spermatorrhea: Take four qian of wood flowers and four liang of lean pork. Stew in water, consume the soup and meat. Take one dose daily. (From "Herbal Medicine in Jiangxi")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：4-5月采收，晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Harvest in April and May, then dry in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：花常3-8朵簇生，基部有短花梗。脱落的单个花朵常皱缩呈条带状，长1-2cm，淡黄色或浅棕色；湿润展平后，花萼筒杯状，长约5mm，4裂，萼齿卵形，表面有灰白色星状毛，花瓣4片，带状或倒卵匙形，淡黄色，有明显的棕色羽状脉纹，雄蕊4枚，花丝极短，与鳞片退化雄蕊互生，子房下位，花柱极短，柱头2裂。质柔韧。气微清香，味淡微苦。
Medicinal characteristics: The flowers are usually clustered in 3–8 with short pedicels at the base. Individual fallen flowers are often wrinkled and strap-like, 1–2 cm long, pale yellow or light brown. When moistened and flattened, the calyx tube is cup-shaped, about 5 mm long, 4-lobed, with ovate calyx teeth covered with gray-white stellate hairs. There are 4 petals, strap-shaped or inversely spoon-shaped, pale yellow, with distinct brown feather-like veins. Four stamens have very short filaments alternating with scale-like rudimentary stamens. The ovary is inferior, style extremely short, stigma 2-lobed. Texture is soft and tough. Slightly fragrant odor, slightly bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：金缕梅科檵木属植物檵木。
Plant species: Loropetalum chinense (R. Br.) Oliv., belonging to the family Hamamelidaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

落叶灌木或小乔木，高约1-4m。树皮深灰色；嫩枝、新叶、花序、花萼背面和果，均有淡棕黄色星状短柔毛。叶互生，卵形或卵状椭圆形，长1.5-6cm，宽8-20mm，先端短尖头，基部钝，不对称，全缘，革质；叶柄长2-9mm。花6-8朵簇生枝端；无柄；花萼短，4裂；花瓣4，淡黄白色，条形；雄蕊4，花丝极短，花药裂瓣内卷，药隔伸出成刺状；雌蕊倒卵形，子房半下位，2室，柱头2，有毛状突起物。蒴果球形，径约7mm，褐色，室背开裂；种子椭圆形白色。花期5月。果期10月。
Deciduous shrub or small tree, about 1–4 m tall. Bark is dark gray; young branches, new leaves, inflorescences, abaxial surfaces of sepals, and fruits are all covered with light brownish-yellow stellate short hairs. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 1.5–6 cm long, 8–20 mm wide, apex shortly acuminate, base blunt and asymmetrical, margins entire, coriaceous; petiole 2–9 mm long. Flowers 6–8 in clusters at branch tips; sessile; calyx short, 4-lobed; petals 4, pale yellowish-white, linear; stamens 4, filaments very short, anther lobes inwardly coiled, connectives extended into spine-like projections; pistil obovate, ovary semi-inferior, 2-celled, stigma 2, with hairy protuberances. Capsule globose, ca. 7 mm in diameter, brown, dehiscing along the dorsal sutures; seeds elliptical, white. Flowering in May, fruiting in October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于山东、河南、安徽、浙江、江苏、湖南、湖北、江西、四川、贵州、云南、广西、广东、福建等地。
Distributed in Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山坡矮林间。
Grows among low woods on hillsides.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

适应性较强，对土壤要求不高，可利用荒坡或林边栽种。繁殖方式：用种子繁殖，育苗移栽。3-4月在整好的地上，作1.3m宽的畦，在畦上开横沟，沟距33cm，深约3cm，播幅10-13cm，每亩用种子15-20斤，匀撒播下，施人畜粪水后，盖草木灰约1cm厚。培育至第4年春季即可移栽。3-4月在整好的地上，按行株距约1m开穴，每穴栽苗2株，填土压紧，浇水。育苗期中，第1、2年要中耕除草4次，在4、6、8、11月中进行。追肥3次，在4、6、11月中除草后进行，肥料可用人畜粪水。栽种的第1、2年要松土除草3次，在6、8、11月进行，并在6、8月除草后各追肥1次，以后每年6月和11月各松土除草1次。
Has strong adaptability and low soil requirements; can be planted on barren slopes or forest edges. Propagation method: by seed, followed by seedling cultivation and transplanting. In March–April, prepare 1.3 m wide beds on well-tilled land, dig transverse furrows 33 cm apart and about 3 cm deep, sow seeds over a width of 10–13 cm, use 15–20 kg of seeds per acre, evenly broadcast, apply animal and human manure, and cover with about 1 cm of wood ash. Cultivate until spring of the fourth year for transplanting. In March–April, dig holes on prepared land with row and plant spacing of about 1 m, plant 2 seedlings per hole, fill with soil, press firmly, and water. During the seedling stage, carry out hoeing and weeding four times in the first and second years, in April, June, August, and November. Apply fertilizer three times after weeding in April, June, and November, using animal and human manure. After planting, loosen soil and weed three times in the first and second years, in June, August, and November, and apply fertilizer once after weeding in June and August. Thereafter, loosen soil and weed once each in June and November annually.