笔筒草，中药名。为木贼科木贼属植物节节草Hippochaete ramosissima（Desf.）Boerner[Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.]的全草。具有清热明目，止血利尿的功效。主治风热感冒，咳嗽，目赤肿痛，云翳，鼻衄，尿血，肠风下血，淋证，黄疸，带下，骨折。
Bi-tong-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole plant of Hippochaete ramosissima (Desf.) Boerner [Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.] in the Equisetaceae family, has the effects of clearing heat, improving vision, stopping bleeding, and promoting urination. It is used to treat wind-heat type of common cold, cough, red and painful eyes, cataract, epistaxis, hematuria, intestinal bleeding due to intestinal wind, urinary tract infection, jaundice, leukorrhea, and bone fractures.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

清热明目，止血利尿。主治
Clearing heat, improving vision, stopping bleeding, and promoting diuresis. Mainly used for治疗。

风热感冒，咳嗽，目赤肿痛，云翳，鼻衄，尿血，肠风下血，淋证，黄疸，带下，骨折。用法用量
Wind-heat common cold, cough, red and swollen eyes with pain, pterygium, epistaxis, hematuria, blood in stool due to intestinal wind, gonorrhea, jaundice, abnormal vaginal discharge, and bone fracture. Dosage and administration.

1、内服：煎汤，9-30g，鲜品30-60g。2、外用：捣敷；或研末撒。化学成分

1. Internal use: Decoction, 9-30g dried herb, 30-60g fresh herb.2. External use: Crush and apply as a poultice; or grind into powder for sprinkling. Chemical composition.

全草含生物碱类：烟碱，犬问荆碱。含黄酮类：山柰酚-3-槐糖苷-7-葡萄糖苷，山柰酚。含甾醇类：谷甾醇，豆甾醇。药理作用
The whole plant contains alkaloids such as nicotine and anabasine. It also contains flavonoids such as quercetin-3-rutinoside-7-glucoside and quercetin. Additionally, it contains sterols such as beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. These components contribute to the pharmacological effects of the herb.

猪皮下注射南非洲产笔筒草绿色部分的醇浸剂可引起惊厥和死亡。相关论述
Injection of the alcohol extract from the green part of the South African plant Pentas lanceolata subcutaneously under the pig's skin can cause convulsions and death.

1、《草木便方》：“治跌伤，通气，明目，利九窍，消积滞，止嗽化痰。”2、《天宝本草》：“治赤白云翳，去风，清火，除湿气，通淋证并滞塞。”3、《分类草药性》：“男子平胃火，补妇人血气。”4、《四川中药志》1960年版：“清心火，去潮热，散云翳。治暴发火眼、涩痛溢泪及目赤红肿痛，并疗鼻血。”5、《重庆草药》：“去燥热，散眼睛云雾，兼有生精补血的作用。治男子胃火，妇女病后血气不足（或为虚火），小儿响鼻（鼻阻）或常流清鼻涕，白浊。”6、《湖南药物志》：“止血，解热利尿。主治妇女血崩，筋骨痛。”7、《天目山药用植物志》：“治痢疾，急淋，腰痛，骨折。”8、《浙江民间常用卓约》：“治急、慢性肾炎，肾盂肾炎，迁延型传染性肝炎，血尿。”9、《安徽中草药》：“解肌散风。治风热感冒。”10、《全国中草药汇编》：“主治咳嗽，支气管炎。”临床应用 临床应用

1. "Grass and Wood Prescriptions": "Treat falls and injuries, promote qi circulation, improve vision, benefit the nine orifices, resolve stagnation, stop coughing and transform phlegm."2. "Tianbao Materia Medica": "Treat red and white cloudiness in the eyes, dispel wind, clear heat, eliminate dampness, treat urinary disorders and blockages."3. "Classification of Medicinal Properties of Herbs": "Calm stomach fire in men, nourish blood and qi in women."4. "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records" 1960 edition: "Clear heart fire, dispel damp-heat, scatter cloudiness in the eyes. Treat sudden flaming eye conditions, dry and painful eyes with excessive tearing, red and swollen eyes, and also nosebleeds."5. "Chongqing Herbal Medicine": "Clear dry-heat, disperse eye cloudiness, and also have the functions of nourishing essence and blood. Treat stomach fire in men, blood and qi deficiency in women after illness (or deficiency fire), children with sniffling noses (nasal congestion) or constantly runny clear nasal discharge, turbid discharge."6. "Hunan Pharmacopoeia": "Stop bleeding, relieve fever, promote diuresis. Mainly used for women with menorrhagia and muscle and bone pain."7. "Tianmu Mountain Medicinal Plants Records": "Treat dysentery, acute urinary retention, lower back pain, and fractures."8. "Zhejiang Folk Commonly Used Prescriptions": "Treat acute and chronic nephritis, pyelonephritis, chronic infectious hepatitis, and hematuria."9. "Anhui Herbal Medicine": "Relax muscles and dispel wind. Treat wind-heat colds."10. "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines": "Mainly used for treating coughs and bronchitis." Clinical applications.

治疗慢性气管炎:制剂与用法：㈠煎剂：干节节草1大两，加水700毫升，浸泡半小时，煮沸5～8分钟，每次200～300毫升，日服2～3次。㈡片剂：每片0.5克（24片相当于生药1大两），每次4片，日服3次。㈢针剂：每支3毫升（每毫升含生药4克），每日肌肉注射1支。均以10天为一疗程，可连续用三个疗程。疗效：煎剂治疗1103例，近期控制295例，显效267例，好转381例，总有效率为85.5％。片剂治疗105例，近期控制23例，显效17例，好转44例，总有效率为80％。针剂治疗149例，近期控制43例，显效42例，好转68例，总有效率为94.7％，一般在注射24小时后可见效。综观针剂的疗效最好，煎剂次之，片剂最差；疗效一般随着疗程的增加而逐渐上升，随病情的加重而疗效下降；夏季和春季疗效较高，冬季最差；对单纯型的疗效较高，喘息型较差；对无并发症者的疗效高于并发肺气肿者；对咳、痰、喘、罗音均有一定疗效，而以罗音消失的近期控制率最高；年龄大者疗效稍低。副作用：少数人短时间出现口干、腹部不适，但不影响继续服药。对肝肾及造血系统无毒性作用。相关配伍
Treatment of chronic bronchitis: Formulations and Dosage: ① Decoction: 1 dose of dried Equisetum arvense, add 700 ml of water, soak for half an hour, boil for 5-8 minutes, take 200-300 ml each time, 2-3 times a day. ② Tablets: Each tablet is 0.5 grams (24 tablets equivalent to 1 dose of dried herbs), take 4 tablets each time, 3 times a day. ③ Injection: 3 ml per vial (each ml contains 4 grams of dried herbs), inject into the muscle once daily. Each course of treatment lasts for 10 days, and can be repeated for three courses. Efficacy: Decoction treatment of 1103 cases, with 295 cases under recent control, 267 cases showing significant improvement, 381 cases showing improvement, with an overall effective rate of 85.5%. Tablet treatment of 105 cases, with 23 cases under recent control, 17 cases showing significant improvement, 44 cases showing improvement, with an overall effective rate of 80%. Injection treatment of 149 cases, with 43 cases under recent control, 42 cases showing significant improvement, 68 cases showing improvement, with an overall effective rate of 94.7%, usually effective within 24 hours after injection. Overall, the efficacy of injections is the best, followed by decoctions, and tablets are the least effective; generally, the efficacy gradually increases with the number of courses, but decreases as the condition worsens; higher efficacy in summer and spring, lowest in winter; higher efficacy in simple cases, lower in asthmatic cases; higher efficacy in cases without complications compared to those with concurrent emphysema; some efficacy in cough, phlegm, wheezing, and rales, with the highest recent control rate seen in the disappearance of rales; slightly lower efficacy in older patients. Side effects: A few people may experience temporary dry mouth and abdominal discomfort, but it does not affect continued medication. No toxic effects on the liver, kidneys, or hematopoietic system. Relevant compatibility.

1、治急性结膜炎：节节草9g，菊花6g。水煎服。（《湖北中草药志》）2、治膀胱湿热，小便淋涩疼痛，尿血：笔筒草30g，尿珠根30g，白茅根30g，川牛膝10g。水煎服。（《四川中药志》1979年版）3、治急淋：节节草30g，冰糖15g。加水煎服。（《福建民间草药》）4、治痢疾：笔筒草根90-120g，加仙鹤草等量。水煎服。赤痢冲白糖，白痢冲红糖，赤白痢红白糖各一半，每日早晚饭前各服1次。（《天目山药用植物志》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. For treating acute conjunctivitis: 9g of Equisetum arvense and 6g of Chrysanthemum. Decoction and take orally. (From "Hubei Herbal Medicine Records") 2. For treating bladder damp-heat, difficult and painful urination, and hematuria: 30g of Lysimachia christinae, 30g of Dianthus superbus, 30g of Imperata cylindrica, and 10g of Achyranthes bidentata. Decoction and take orally. (From "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records" 1979 edition) 3. For treating acute urinary retention: 30g of Equisetum arvense and 15g of rock sugar. Decoction with water and take orally. (From "Fujian Folk Herbal Medicine") 4. For treating dysentery: 90-120g of Lysimachia christinae roots, with an equal amount of Patrinia scabiosaefolia. Decoction and take orally. For bloody dysentery, mix with white sugar; for white dysentery, mix with brown sugar; for mixed dysentery, mix with both sugars in equal amounts. Take once before breakfast and dinner daily. (From "Tianmu Mountain Medicinal Plants Records") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

7-11月采挖，鲜用或晾通风处阴干。植物学信息 植物种属
Harvesting is done from July to November, and the herbs can be used fresh or dried in a shaded and ventilated area. Botanical information about the plant species is needed.

木贼科木贼属植物节节草。形态特征
The family of Lycopodiaceae includes the plant genus Lycopodium, commonly known as clubmoss. Its morphological characteristics include:

多年生常绿草本。茎高18-100cm或更高。根茎横走，黑色或黑褐色。地上茎绿色，直立，基部节上有分枝2-5，各分枝中空，枝上每节生小枝，稀无分枝，表面有棱脊6-20条；棱脊上有1列小疣状突起，沟内有气孔线1-4行。叶退化，轮生，下部联合成筒状鞘，鞘片背上无棱脊，鞘齿短三角形，黑色，有易落的膜质尖尾。孢子囊穗生在分枝及主茎顶端，长圆形，长0.5-2.5cm，有小尖头，无柄；孢子叶六角形，中央凹入，盾状着生，排列紧密，边缘生长形的孢子囊6-9；孢子同型，圆球状，有弹丝4，成十字形，平时紧绕在孢子外面，遇水即弹开。孢子期8-10月。分布区域
Perennial evergreen herb. Stem 18-100cm tall or taller. Rhizomes run horizontally, black or black-brown. Above-ground stems green, erect, with 2-5 branches at the base, each branch hollow, with small branches at each node, rarely without branches, with 6-20 ridges on the surface; each ridge has a row of small wart-like protrusions, 1-4 rows of stomata in the groove. Leaves degenerate, whorled, lower part united into a tubular sheath, sheath without ridges on the back, sheath teeth short triangular, black, with easily detachable membranous pointed tails. Spore spikes borne at the tips of branches and main stems, elongated oval, 0.5-2.5cm long, with small pointed heads, sessile; sporangia hexagonal, concave in the center, shield-shaped, closely arranged, with 6-9 elongated sporangia on the edge; spores of the same type, spherical, with 4 elaters, forming a cross shape, tightly wound around the spores when dry, dispersing upon contact with water. Spore period from August to October. Distribution area.

广布于全国各地。生长环境
Widely distributed throughout the country. Growing environment.

生于路边、山坡草丛、溪旁、池沼边等地。
Born on roadsides, hillsides, by streams, ponds, and marshes.