火棘，中药名。为蔷薇科火棘属植物火棘Pyracantha fortuneana（Maxim.）Li[P.crenatoserrata（Hance）Rehd.]的果实、根及叶。果：消积止痢，活血止血。根：清热凉血。叶：清热解毒。果：消化不良，肠炎，痢疾，小儿疳积，崩漏，白带，产后腹痛。根：虚痨骨蒸潮热，肝炎，跌打损伤，筋骨疼痛，腰痛，崩漏，白带，月经不调，吐血，便血。叶：外敷治疮疡肿毒。
Huo-ji, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li [P.crenatoserrata (Hance) Rehd.]) is a plant of the Rosaceae family. Its fruits, roots, and leaves are used in traditional Chinese medicine. The fruit is used to promote digestion, relieve diarrhea, and invigorate blood circulation to stop bleeding. The root is used to clear heat and cool the blood, while the leaves are used to clear heat and detoxify the body. The fruit is used for indigestion, enteritis, dysentery, pediatric malnutrition, menorrhagia, leukorrhea, and postpartum abdominal pain. The root is used for deficiency syndrome, bone-steaming and damp-heat, hepatitis, bruises, tendon and bone pain, lumbago, menorrhagia, irregular menstruation, vomiting blood, and bloody stools. The leaves are applied externally to treat ulcers and toxic swellings.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

果：消积止痢，活血止血。根：清热凉血。叶：清热解毒。
Fruit: Relieves indigestion and stops diarrhea, promotes blood circulation and stops bleeding. Root: Clears heat and cools the blood. Leaf: Clears heat and detoxifies.

主治 Indications

果：消化不良，肠炎，痢疾，小儿疳积，崩漏，白带，产后腹痛。根：虚痨骨蒸潮热，肝炎，跌打损伤，筋骨疼痛，腰痛，崩漏，白带，月经不调，吐血，便血。叶：外敷治疮疡肿毒。
Fruit: Indigestion, enteritis, dysentery, infantile malnutrition, metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, postpartum abdominal pain. Root: Deficiency consumption, bone-steaming tidal fever, hepatitis, trauma, musculoskeletal pain, lumbago, metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, irregular menstruation, hematemesis, and hematochezia. Leaf: External application for ulcers and swellings.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：果30g，根15-30g。外用：叶适量。
Internal use: 30g of fruit, 15–30g of root. External use: appropriate amount of leaf.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

根显甾醇、皂甙、酚类及有机酸反应。根皮含鞣质。
Sterols, saponins, phenols, and organic acids are present in the root. The root bark contains tannins.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季采果，冬末春初挖根，晒干备用或鲜用。叶随用随采。
Harvest fruits in autumn, dig roots in late winter or early spring, dry for storage or use fresh. Leaves are collected as needed.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：蔷薇科火棘属植物火棘。
The plant species is Pyracantha fortuneana, belonging to the Rosaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

常绿灌木，高约3m。根皮黑黄色，质地坚硬，心带黑色。侧枝极短，先端成刺状；小枝暗褐色，幼时有锈色短柔毛，老时无毛。单叶紧密互生，常呈丛生状，具短柄，叶片薄革质，倒卵形或倒卵状矩圆形，中部以上最宽，长1.5-6cm，宽0.5-2cm，先端圆钝或微凹，有时有短尖头，基部楔形，下延，边缘有圆钝锯齿，齿尖向内弯，近基部全缘，两面无毛。夏季开白花，复伞房花序，总花梗和花梗近无毛；花直径约1cm，萼筒钟状，无毛，裂片5，三角卵形；花瓣5，圆形；雄蕊多数；子房下位。梨果近球形或扁球形，直径约5mm，顶端有宿存花萼。
Evergreen shrub, about 3m tall. Root bark is yellowish-black, hard in texture, with a black heart. Lateral branches are very short, ending in thorns; young twigs are dark brown with rusty short hairs, becoming glabrous with age. Leaves are closely alternate, often clustered, with short petioles. Blade is thin, leathery, obovate or obovate-rectangular, widest above the middle, 1.5–6cm long, 0.5–2cm wide, apex rounded or slightly concave, sometimes with a short tip, base cuneate and tapering, margin with blunt serrations curving inward, nearly entire near the base, both surfaces glabrous. Flowers are white, blooming in summer, arranged in corymbose cymes with nearly glabrous peduncles and pedicels. Flowers about 1cm in diameter, calyx tube campanulate and glabrous, with 5 triangular-ovate lobes; 5 rounded petals; numerous stamens; inferior ovary. Fruit is nearly spherical or flattened, about 5mm in diameter, with persistent sepals at the apex.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于陕西、江苏、浙江、福建、湖北、湖南、广西、四川、云南、贵州等省区。
Distributed in Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and other provinces and regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于村边、路旁、旷野、山坡。
Found at village edges, along roadsides, in open fields, and on hillsides.