苹果，中药名。为蔷薇科苹果属植物苹果Malus pumila Mill.的果实。具有益胃，生律，除烦，醒酒的功效。主治津少口渴，脾虚泄泻，食后腹胀，饮酒过度。
Apple (P, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. g-guo). It is the fruit of the plant Malus pumila Mill. in the Rosaceae family. It has the effects of benefiting the stomach, regulating the rhythm, relieving irritability, and sobering up. It is mainly used to treat thirst with little saliva, spleen deficiency diarrhea, abdominal distension after eating, and excessive drinking.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

益胃，生律，除烦，醒酒。主治
Strengthen the stomach, regulate the body's rhythms, relieve irritability, and sober up from alcohol. This formula is used to treat...

津少口渴，脾虚泄泻，食后腹胀，饮酒过度。用法用量
Jin deficiency causing thirst, spleen deficiency leading to diarrhea, abdominal distension after eating, and excessive alcohol consumption. Dosage and administration.

内服：适量，生食，或捣汁，或熬膏。外用：捣汁涂。注意事项
Internal use: Take an appropriate amount, consume raw, or crush and juice, or decoct into a paste. External use: Crush and apply the juice. Please pay attention to the precautions.

不宜多食，过量易致腹胀。化学成分
Not suitable for overconsumption, as it may lead to bloating. Chemical composition.

含小分子脂肪酸，氨基酸，维生素，醇类，酯类，醛类，黄酮类等成分。药理作用
It contains small molecule fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, flavonoids, and other components. Pharmacological effects.

除去果胶之苹果注射液，给家兔（正常的或先给胰岛素的）静脉注射时，能升高血糖，作用较其中所含之葡萄糖所引起者为强，其利尿效果为后者的2-3倍。它还能使离体兔肠之异常运动（以阿托品、乙酰胆碱、镁盐或钡盐引起过度兴奋或过度抑制）正常化，轻度阻止去氧皮质酮对大鼠之升高血压作用。相关论述
Apple pectin injection, apart from raising blood sugar levels when intravenously injected into rabbits (either normal or pre-treated with insulin), has a stronger effect compared to the glucose it contains, and its diuretic effect is 2-3 times that of glucose. It can also normalize abnormal movements in isolated rabbit intestines induced by atropine, acetylcholine, magnesium salts, or barium salts (causing excessive excitation or inhibition), and mildly inhibit the increase in blood pressure in rats caused by deoxycorticosterone. This is the relevant discussion.

1、《千金方》：“益心气，耐饥。”2、《食疗本草》：“主补中焦诸不足气，和脾，卒患食后气不通，生捣汁服之。”3、《饮膳正要》：“止渴生津。”4、《滇南本草图说》：“搽疮红晕可散，烧灰存性治水中之毒。”5、《随息居饮食谱》：“润肠悦心，生津开胃，醒酒。”临床应用 临床应用

1. "Qian Jin Fang": "Benefit the heart qi, endure hunger."2. "Dietary Therapy Materia Medica": "Mainly supplement the deficient qi in the middle energizer, harmonize the spleen, in case of sudden obstruction of qi after eating, prepare and take the juice."3. "Essentials of Diet Therapy": "Quench thirst and generate body fluids."4. "Illustrated Explanation of Yunnan Materia Medica": "Applying red rash on sores can disperse, and using burnt ashes has an inherent effect in treating waterborne poisons."5. "Dietary Recipes for Leisure Living": "Moisten the intestines, delight the heart, generate body fluids, stimulate the appetite, and sober up."Clinical application

药膳食疗：苹果藕粉：功效：健脾开胃、益气补血。对贫血、慢性胃炎有疗效。原材料：藕粉200g，苹果30g。做法：把藕粉和水调匀，苹果切成细末。把藕粉放入锅内。用微火熬煮，熬到透明时加入苹果末，稍煮即可。用法：当点心食用，用量自定。相关配伍
Medicated diet: Apple and Lotus Root Powder: Effects: Helps strengthen the spleen, stimulate appetite, tonify qi, and nourish blood. It is effective for anemia and chronic gastritis. Ingredients: 200g lotus root powder, 30g apple. Method: Mix lotus root powder with water, and cut the apple into fine pieces. Put lotus root powder in a pot, simmer over low heat until transparent, then add the apple pieces and simmer briefly. Usage: Consume as a snack, dosage can be adjusted according to individual needs. Related compatibility.

1、治消化不良，少食腹泻，或久泻而脾阴不足：苹果30g，山药30g，共研细末，每次15-20g，加白糖适量，用温开水送服。（《食疗本草学》苹果山药散）2、治轻度腹泻：苹果1000 g，洗净、去皮、去核、捣烂如泥食用，每次100 g，每日4次。3、治高血压病：将苹果洗净挤汁服，每次100 g，每日3次，10d为1个疗程；或每次吃250 g，每日3次，连续食用。（2、3方出自《果蔬食疗》）4、治胃阴不足，咽干口渴：鲜苹果1000 g，捣烂取汁，熬成稠膏，加蜂蜜适量混匀，每次1汤匙。（《食疗本草学》）5、治妊娠呕吐：取鲜苹果60 g，大米30g炒黄，与水同煎代茶饮用。《果蔬食疗》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. For treating indigestion, reduced appetite, and chronic diarrhea due to spleen yin deficiency: Take 30g of apple and 30g of Chinese yam, grind them into fine powder, take 15-20g each time, add an appropriate amount of white sugar, and take with warm water. (From "Dietary Materia Medica: Apple and Chinese Yam Powder")2. For treating mild diarrhea: Take 1000g of apple, wash, peel, core, and mash into a paste, take 100g each time, four times a day.3. For treating hypertension: Extract juice from clean apples, take 100g each time, three times a day for 10 days as one course of treatment; or eat 250g each time, three times a day continuously. (Both 2 and 3 are from "Dietary Therapy with Fruits and Vegetables")4. For treating stomach yin deficiency, dry throat, and thirst: Take 1000g of fresh apples, mash and extract the juice, simmer into a thick paste, mix with an appropriate amount of honey, and take 1 tablespoon each time.5. For treating pregnancy-induced vomiting: Take 60g of fresh apples and 30g of rice, fry until yellow, decoct together with water and drink as tea. (From "Dietary Therapy with Fruits and Vegetables")

早熟品种7-8月采收，晚熟品种9-10月采收。保鲜，包装贮藏，及时调运。药材鉴别 药材性状
Early-maturing varieties are harvested in July and August, while late-maturing varieties are harvested in September and October. It is important to keep them fresh, properly package and store them, and transport them in a timely manner. Identification of medicinal materials and their characteristics.

本品为梨形或扁球形，青色、黄色或红色，直径5-10cm，或更大，顶部及基部均凹陷；外皮薄，革质、果肉肉质，内果皮坚韧，分为5室，每室有种子2枚。气清香，味甜、微酸。植物学信息 植物种属
This product is pear-shaped or oblate, green, yellow, or red in color, with a diameter of 5-10cm or larger, with both the top and base concave; the skin is thin and leathery, the flesh is fleshy, and the inner fruit skin is tough, divided into 5 compartments, each containing 2 seeds. It has a clear and fragrant aroma, with a sweet and slightly sour taste. Botanical information: Plant species.

蔷薇科苹果属植物苹果。形态特征
The apple belongs to the Rosaceae family.

乔木，高达15m。小枝幼嫩时密被绒毛，老枝紫褐色，无毛。叶互生；叶柄长1.5-3cm，被短柔毛；托叶披针形，全缘，早落；叶片椭圆形、卵形至宽椭圆形，长4.5-10cm，宽3-5.5cm，边缘有圆钝锯齿，幼时两面有短柔毛。花两性；伞房花序，具花3-7朵，集生于小枝顶端；花梗长1-2.5cm，密被绒毛；花白色或带粉红色，直径3-4cm；锥蕊20；花柱5。果实扁球形，直径在2cm以上，先端常有隆起，萼柱下陷，萼裂片宿存，果梗粗短。花期5月，果期7-10月。分布区域
Qiao tree, reaching up to 15 meters in height. The small branches are densely covered with soft hairs when young, while the old branches are purple-brown and hairless. The leaves are alternate; leaf stalks are 1.5-3cm long, covered with short soft hairs; stipules are lanceolate, entire, and early falling; leaf blades are elliptic, ovate to broadly elliptic, 4.5-10cm long, 3-5.5cm wide, with rounded obtuse serrations on the edges, and short soft hairs on both sides when young. The flowers are bisexual; in umbel inflorescences, with 3-7 flowers, clustered at the tips of the small branches; flower stalks are 1-2.5cm long, densely covered with hairs; flowers are white or pinkish, with a diameter of 3-4cm; there are 20 stamens and 5 pistils. The fruit is flattened spherical, with a diameter of over 2cm, often with a protrusion at the apex, the calyx tube sunken, calyx lobes persistent, and the fruit stalk short and thick. The flowering period is in May, and the fruiting period is from July to October. Distribution area: [missing information].

原产欧洲及亚洲中部。我国辽宁、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、四川、云南、西藏等地有栽培。生长环境
Originally from Europe and central Asia. It is cultivated in various regions in China such as Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet. It grows in diverse environments.

生于海拔50-2500m的山坡、平原旷野以及黄土丘陵等处。生长见习
It grows in mountain slopes, plains, wilderness, loess hills, and other areas at altitudes of 50-2500 meters.

为耐寒喜光果树，要求年平均温度6-7℃以上，北纬35°-37°的西北黄土高原，最适的海拔高度在800-1200m之间。要求土层深厚的土壤。土层不到80cm的地区，需深耕土。深度达0.8-1.0m左右，则不论成土母岩性状如何均可栽植。地下水位需保持在1.0-1.5m以下。土壤有机质含量要求不低于1%，能保持3%最理想。繁殖方式
For cold-resistant and light-loving fruit trees, the ideal conditions include an average annual temperature above 6-7°C, located on the Loess Plateau in northwest China at latitudes of 35°-37°. The optimal altitude range is between 800-1200 meters. The soil should be deep and well-layered. In areas where the soil layer is less than 80cm, deep plowing is required. If the depth reaches around 0.8-1.0 meters, the trees can be planted regardless of the parent rock characteristics. The groundwater level should be maintained below 1.0-1.5 meters. The organic matter content in the soil should not be less than 1%, with 3% being the most ideal. As for propagation methods...

用种子、嫁接和无病毒苗木繁殖。栽培技术
Reproduction through seeds, grafting, and virus-free seedlings. Cultivation techniques.

以山定子、林檎、海棠、沙果、苹果等实生繁殖作为苹果的砧木。由于掌握了种子砂藏、催芽和播种技术，春播后很快能获得全苗，且生长整齐，易于管理。砧木播种的方法有点播或条播。嫁接繁殖是苹果的主要繁殖方法。提早嫁接，争取6-7月芽接，采用充实的接穗和饱满的芽，使品种苗当年就有足够的生长时间。苹果无病毒苗木的繁殖，用组织培养快速繁殖无病毒的无性系砧木，也可直接从无病毒母本圃直接引进无性系自根砧，培育1年后，从无病毒采穗圃采集优良接穗进行嫁接。栽植密度，短枝型品种和矮化中间钻，半矮化砧栽植的行株距为4m×2m，矮化砧苹果的行株距为3m×2m。病虫防治
Apple trees can be propagated using seeds from fruits such as hawthorn, apple, and sand pear. By mastering techniques such as seed stratification, seed germination, and sowing, one can quickly obtain seedlings after spring sowing, which grow uniformly and are easy to manage. The methods for sowing rootstocks include spot sowing or row sowing. Grafting is the main propagation method for apples. Early grafting, aiming for budding in June or July, using well-developed scions with full buds, allows the seedlings to have enough growth time in the same year. To propagate virus-free apple seedlings, tissue culture can be used to rapidly propagate virus-free clonal rootstocks, or virus-free clonal rootstocks can be directly introduced from virus-free mother blocks. After one year of cultivation, excellent scions can be collected from virus-free scion blocks for grafting. Planting density varies depending on the type of apple tree, with semi-dwarf rootstocks planted at a row spacing of 4m x 2m and dwarf rootstocks at a row spacing of 3m x 2m. Disease and pest control measures should also be implemented.

1、苹果腐烂病，为害枝、干树皮，及时彻底刮除病斑，刮后病斑部涂40%福美砷可湿性粉剂30-50倍液，或腐必清2-5倍液。2、苹果烂根病，为害根部，增施有机肥粒，增加根系营养，提高根系抗病力。药剂可用五氯酚钠250-300倍液，70%甲基托布津1000倍液浇灌病株。3、棉蚜，为害枝条和根部，用2.5%敌杀死3000倍液杀灭。4、顶梢卷叶蛾，为害新梢顶部叶片幼芽和嫩梢。喷杀螟松1000倍液杀死幼虫。

1. Apple rot disease affects branches and trunk bark. It is recommended to promptly and thoroughly remove the diseased spots. After removal, apply a 30-50 times dilution of 40% wettable powder of copper oxychloride, or a 2-5 times dilution of Bordeaux mixture to the diseased areas.2. Apple root rot disease affects the roots. Apply organic fertilizer granules to increase root nutrition and enhance root disease resistance. For treatment, irrigate the diseased plants with a 250-300 times dilution of sodium pentachlorophenate or a 1000 times dilution of 70% methyl thiophanate.3. Cotton aphids damage branches and roots. Use a 3000 times dilution of 2.5% dichlorvos to eradicate them.4. The leaf roller moth affects the top leaves, buds, and tender shoots of new shoots. Spray with a 1000 times dilution of fenitrothion to kill the larvae.