黄杨，中药名。为黄杨科黄杨属植物杨Buxus sinica（Rehd.et wils）M.Cheng[B.microphylla Sieb.et Zucc.var sinica Rehd.et Wils.]，以根、叶入药。主治风湿关节痛，痢疾，胃痛，疝痛，腹胀，牙痛，跌打损伤，疮痈肿毒。
Huang-yang, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the plant Buxus sinica (Rehd.et wils) M.Cheng [B.microphylla Sieb.et Zucc.var sinica Rehd.et Wils.] of the Buxaceae family. Its roots and leaves are used as medicine. It is mainly used to treat rheumatic joint pain, dysentery, stomach pain, hernia pain, abdominal distension, toothache, bruises, and carbuncles.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风除湿，行气活血。
Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting qi circulation and activating blood circulation.

主治 Indications

用于风湿关节痛，痢疾，胃痛，疝痛，腹胀，牙痛，跌打损伤，疮疡肿毒。
Used for rheumatic joint pain, dysentery, stomach pain, hernia pain, abdominal distension, toothache, bruises, and abscesses.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：9-12g，作煎剂或泡酒服；外用：适量，捣烂敷患处。
Internal use: 9-12g, decocted or soaked in alcohol for oral administration; external use: apply an appropriate amount by crushing and applying to the affected area.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

叶含生物碱：黄杨醇碱E、环朝鲜黄杨碱、环小叶黄杨次碱、环锦熟黄杨碱D、黄杨碱E、环小叶黄杨碱（黄杨批碱），及4,4α-二氢环小叶黄杨碱。木质部主要含环锦熟黄杨碱D、C及环原黄杨碱A、C等。
Alkaloids contained in leaves: Buxolonine E, Cyclobuchin, Cyclobuxine minor base, Cyclobuxine D, Buxine E, Cyclobuxine minor (batch alkali), and 4,4α-dihydrocyclobuxine minor. The xylem mainly contains Cyclobuxine D, C, and Cyclovirobuxine A, C, etc.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1. 黄杨木中分离提取到的生物碱具有强心作用、抗心绞痛作用、扩张血管作用及抗心律失常作用。

2. Alkaloids extracted from boxwood have been found to possess positive inotropic effects, anti-anginal effects, vasodilation effects, and anti-arrhythmic effects.

3. 环常绿黄杨碱能显著延长小鼠耐缺氧时间，能显著缩小结扎前降支家兔的心肌梗死范围。

4. Cyclobuxine D extracted from Buxus microphylla can significantly prolong the tolerance to hypoxia in mice and reduce the size of myocardial infarction in rabbits with ligated anterior descending branches.

5. 黄杨木碱1号对垂体后叶素诱发的急性心肌缺血有保护作用。

6. Buxamine 1 from boxwood has a protective effect against acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin from the posterior pituitary lobe.

7. 环常绿黄杨碱D、C及环原黄杨碱C均具有增加冠状动脉血流量的作用，可用于冠心病及其引起的心绞痛。

8. Cyclobuxine D, cyclobuxine C, and cyclovirobuxine C all have the effect of increasing coronary blood flow, and can be used for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris caused by it.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年可采，晒干备用。
Harvesting and processing: can be collected all year round, dried and stored for later use.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：黄杨科黄杨属植物杨。
Species: Buxus sinica, a plant of the family Buxaceae, genus Buxus.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

常绿灌木或小乔木，高1-3m，树皮灰色，有规则的剥离。茎枝均呈4棱，小枝开展，有短柔毛。叶对生，具短柄，有短柔毛；倒卵形、倒卵状长椭圆形或宽椭圆形，长1-3cm，宽0.7-1.5cm，先端钝圆稍凹，基部窄楔形，全缘，上面深绿色，有光泽，基部微有柔毛，下面无毛，主脉粗大。春季开黄色花，单性同株，簇生于叶腋或枝端，无花瓣，通常顶端具1朵雌花，其余为雄花；雄花萼片4，雄蕊常为萼片2倍；雌花萼片6，子房3室，花柱3。蒴果球形，黑色，沿室背3瓣裂。
Evergreen shrub or small tree, 1–3 m tall, with gray bark that peels off regularly. Stems and branches are quadrangular; twigs are spreading and short-pubescent. Leaves are opposite, short-petiolate, and slightly hairy; blade shapes include obovate, obovate-oblong, or broadly elliptic, 1–3 cm long and 0.7–1.5 cm wide, with bluntly rounded and slightly emarginate apex, cuneate base, entire margin, dark green and glossy upper surface (slightly hairy at base), glabrous lower surface, and prominent midvein. In spring, yellow flowers appear, monoecious, clustered in leaf axils or branch tips, lacking petals. Typically one female flower at the apex and several male flowers below. Male flowers have 4 sepals and stamens usually twice as many as sepals. Female flowers have 6 sepals, a 3-locular ovary, and 3 styles. Fruit is a spherical, black capsule that splits into 3 valves along the dorsal sutures.

分布区域 Distribution Area

各地有栽培。原产我国北部及中部。
Cultivated throughout various regions. Native to northern and central China.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1200-2600m的山谷、溪边、林下，现有栽培作观赏用。
Found in valleys, along streams, and under forest canopies at altitudes of 1200–2600 meters; now widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.

生长习性 Growth Habit

性喜温暖、半阴、湿润气候，耐旱、耐寒、耐修剪，属浅根性树种，生长慢，寿命长。
Prefers warm, semi-shaded, and moist climates; tolerant to drought, cold, and pruning. It is a shallow-rooted species with slow growth and long lifespan.