四方草，中药名。为唇形科植物长叶香茶菜Rabdosia stracheyi（Benth.ex Hook.f.）Hara[Plectranthus stracheyi Benth.ex Hook.f.;Isodon stracheyi（Benth.ex Hook.f.）Kudo]的全草。具有清热利湿，活血散瘀的功效。主治急性黄疸型肝炎，急性胆囊炎，水肿，中暑，跌打瘀痛，乳疮。
Si-fang-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The whole plant of Rabdosia stracheyi (Benth.ex Hook.f.) Hara [Plectranthus stracheyi Benth.ex Hook.f.; Isodon stracheyi (Benth.ex Hook.f.) Kudo], a plant of the Labiatae family. It has the functions of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, activating blood circulation, and dispersing stasis. It is mainly used for acute icteric hepatitis, acute cholecystitis, edema, heatstroke, bruises, and breast abscess.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热利湿，活血散瘀。
Clearing heat and dampness, promoting blood circulation, and resolving stasis.

主治 Indications

急性黄疸型肝炎，急性胆囊炎，水肿，中暑，跌打瘀痛，乳疮。
Acute jaundice hepatitis, acute cholecystitis, edema, heatstroke, bruises and sprains, and mastitis.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g，鲜品加倍。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 15-30g, double the amount for fresh herbs. External use: Apply an appropriate amount and use as a poultice.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

地上部分含6,7-去氢总状土木香醌，β-谷甾醇，长叶香茶菜甲素。
The above-ground part contains 6,7-dehydrotomentosone (total isoborneol quinone), β-sitosterol, and rabdosia longifolia A (longye xiangchacai A).

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in summer or autumn, for fresh use or drying.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：唇形科植物长叶香茶菜。
Plant species: Isodon longifolius (Benth.) H. Hara, a plant of the Lamiaceae (mint) family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本，茎高40-60cm。常具铺匐茎，上升，基部以上四棱形，具浅槽，被粟色串珠状具节的短柔毛鳞秕状短毛。叶对生；叶柄短，有时近无柄；叶片狭披针形，长2.4-7.5cm，宽0.6-2.1cm，先端渐尖，基部狭楔形，边缘自中部以上具疏或密的锯齿，上面脉上被鳞秕状短硬毛，下面满布紫褐色腺点，脉上被鳞秕状短硬毛或近无毛。圆锥花序顶生，长4-30cm，由聚伞花序组成；下部的苞叶叶状，向上渐变小而呈苞片状；苞片卵形，披针形或线形；花萼小，钟形，花时长约2mm，明显10脉，被褐色腺点，脉上被鳞秕状短毛或近无毛，萼齿5，略短于萼筒，二唇形，后3齿小，前2齿较大，均为卵形，果时花萼长约3mm，略俯垂，下唇明显较上唇长；花冠粉红色或白色，长6-7mm，冠筒直，向上增宽，冠檐上疏被红色腺点，二唇形，上唇具紫色斑点，长仅为冠筒长之半，具4圆裂，裂片卵形，极外反，下唇与冠筒近等长，狭卵形，伸展，扁平；雄蕊及花柱长长地伸出。小坚果极小，卵形，略扁。花期11月至翌年1月，果期12月至翌年1月。
Perennial herb, stem 40-60cm tall. Often has creeping stems, ascending, with quadrangular stem above base, shallow grooves, covered with beaded, jointed, short soft hairs resembling millet color, and bristle-like scaly short hairs. Leaves opposite; petioles short, sometimes nearly sessile; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, 2.4-7.5cm long, 0.6-2.1cm wide, apex gradually acuminate, base cuneate, margins serrated above middle, sparsely to densely toothed, upper surface veins with bristle-like scaly stiff hairs, lower surface densely covered with purple-brown glandular dots, veins with bristle-like scaly stiff hairs or nearly glabrous. Terminal panicles, 4-30cm long, composed of cymose inflorescences; lower bracts leaf-like, becoming smaller upward into bract form; bracts ovate, lanceolate, or linear; calyx small, campanulate, ca. 2mm long at flowering, clearly 10-veined, glandular-punctate with brown dots, pubescent on veins with bristle-like scaly short hairs or nearly glabrous; teeth 5, slightly shorter than tube, bilabiate, posterior 3 teeth small, anterior 2 teeth larger, all ovate; in fruit, calyx ca. 3mm long, slightly drooping, lower lip distinctly longer than upper lip; corolla pink or white, 6–7mm long, tube straight, widening upward, limb sparsely red glandular-dotted, bilabiate; upper lip with purple spots, half as long as tube, 4-rounded lobes, ovate, strongly reflexed; lower lip nearly equaling tube in length, narrowly ovate, spreading, flat; stamens and style prominently exserted. Nutlets very small, ovate, slightly flattened. Flowering from November to January; fruiting from December to January.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于广东、广西、云南。
Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于水边或林下湿处。
Grows in damp places near water or under forest shade.