黑壳楠，中药名。为樟科植物黑壳楠LinderamegaphyllaHemsl.[L.oldhamiHemsl.]的根、树皮或枝。具有祛风除湿、温中行气、消肿止痛。主治风湿痹痛、肢体麻木疼痛、脘腹冷痛、疝气疼痛、咽喉肿痛、癣疮瘙痒。
Hei-ke-nan, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the root, bark, or branches of the Lauraceae plant Linderamegaphylla Hemsl. [L.oldhami Hemsl.], has the functions of dispelling wind and dampness, warming the middle and promoting qi circulation, and reducing swelling and relieving pain. It is mainly used for rheumatic pain, numbness and pain in the limbs, cold pain in the epigastrium, hernia pain, throat swelling and pain, and itching of eczema and sores.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风除湿、温中行气、消肿止痛。
Dispelling wind and dampness, warming the middle and promoting qi circulation, reducing swelling and relieving pain.

主治 Indications

风湿痹痛、肢体麻木疼痛、脘腹冷痛、疝气疼痛、咽喉肿痛、癣疮瘙痒。
Wind-damp arthralgia, numbness and pain in limbs, cold pain in epigastrium, hernia pain, sore throat, and itchy skin lesions.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3-9g。外用：适量，炒热外敷或煎水洗。
Internal use: Decoction, 3-9g. External use: Appropriate amount, apply externally after heating or use for washing after decoction.

化学成分 Chemical Components

根、干、叶均含右旋荷苞牡丹碱。干、叶还含去甲荷苞牡丹碱，右旋木兰箭毒碱，N-甲基莲叶桐碱，N-甲基莲叶桐种碱，O-甲基空褐麟碱等。叶还含黑壳楠碱。
Roots, stems, and leaves all contain dextrorotatory thebaine. Stems and leaves also contain northebaine, dextrorotatory magnoflorine, N-methylasimilobine, N-methylasimilobine N-oxide, and O-methylcorydalis alkaloid. Leaves also contain daphniphyllum alkaloid.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：四季均可采收，晒干或鲜用。
It can be harvested in all seasons and used either dried or fresh.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：树皮呈槽状、卷筒状或片块状，长达40cm，厚2-8mm。外表面灰褐色或灰黑色，较粗糙，嫩皮具纵皱纹，有突起的椭圆形皮孔，偶有圆形枝痕；内表面棕红色或淡黄棕色，较平滑。质硬而脆，易折断，断面平坦，黄白色。气微香，味略辛。以质重、肉厚、有香气者为佳。枝长圆柱形，有分枝，直径2-10mm。表面灰棕色或黑色，有纵皱纹和疏点状突起的皮孔。质硬而脆，易折断，断面皮部薄，棕褐色，木部黄白色或灰黄色，髓部小。气微香，味略辛。以枝条均匀、气香者为佳。
The characteristics of the medicinal material: The bark is furrowed, rolled, or in pieces, up to 40cm long and 2-8mm thick. The outer surface is gray-brown or gray-black, relatively rough, with longitudinal wrinkles on the tender bark, elliptical lenticels, and occasional circular branch scars; the inner surface is reddish-brown or light yellow-brown, relatively smooth. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, with a flat, yellow-white cross-section. It has a slightly fragrant smell and a slightly spicy taste. The best quality bark is heavy, thick, and fragrant. The branches are long and cylindrical, with branches and a diameter of 2-10mm. The surface is gray-brown or black, with longitudinal wrinkles and scattered dot-like lenticels. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, with a thin bark layer on the cross-section, brown, and a yellow-white or gray-yellow wood section, with a small pith. It has a slightly fragrant smell and a slightly spicy taste. The best quality branches are uniform and fragrant.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

形态特征：黑壳楠常绿乔木，高达25m。树皮光滑，黑灰色；小枝粗壮，具灰白色皮孔。叶互生；叶柄长1.5-3cm，叶片倒披针状长圆形至卵状长圆形，长10-23cm，宽3-7.5cm，先端渐尖或短尾尖，基部楔形，上面深绿色，有光泽，下面带苍白色，网脉明显。花雌雄异株，伞形花序腋生，具短总梗；总苞灰白色，密被细柔毛，开花时脱落，每花序有花9-16朵；花梗和花被管密生白色或黄褐色绒毛；花紫红色；花被片6，匙形至条状披针形，能育雄蕊9，花药2室，皆内向瓣裂；子房卵形，花柱较长，柱头头状。果实椭圆形至卵状球形，长约1.8cm，直径约1.3cm，成熟时绿黑色，基部具宿存、粗厚、木质的杯状果托；果梗长约1.3cm。种子长椭圆状卵形。花期2-4月，果期9-12月。
Morphological characteristics: Heikelan is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 25 meters tall. It has smooth, black-gray bark and thick, gray-white lenticels on its branches. The leaves are alternate; petioles are 1.5-3cm long. The leaf blades are oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 10-23cm long and 3-7.5cm wide, with a gradually pointed or shortly acuminate tip, and a wedge-shaped base. The upper surface is dark green and glossy, while the lower surface is pale with prominent reticulate veins. The plant is dioecious, with umbel-like inflorescences in the axils, having short peduncles. The bracts are gray-white, densely covered with fine hairs, and shed at flowering. Each inflorescence has 9-16 flowers; pedicels and hypanthium are densely covered with white or yellow-brown tomentum. Flowers are purplish-red; tepals 6, spoon-shaped to linear-lanceolate; fertile stamens 9, anthers 2-celled, dehiscing inwardly by valves; ovary ovoid, style long, stigma capitate. Fruit ellipsoidal to ovoid-globose, about 1.8cm long and 1.3cm in diameter, ripening to greenish-black, with a persistent, thick, woody cupular fruit cup at the base; fruit stalk about 1.3cm long. Seeds oblong-ovoid. Flowering from February to April, fruiting from September to December.

分布区域 Distribution Area

资源分布：分布于甘肃、安徽、福建、台湾、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南等地。
Distribution: Found in Gansu, Anhui, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生态环境：生于海拔1600-2000m的阴湿常绿阔叶林山坡和谷地中，也有栽培。
Ecological environment: It grows in shady and moist evergreen broad-leaved forests on slopes and valleys at an altitude of 1600-2000 meters, and can also be cultivated there.