麻蕡，中药名。为桑科大麻属植物大麻 Cannabis satia L.的雌花序及幼嫩果序。具有祛风，止痛，镇惊的功效。主治痛风，痹证，癫狂，失眠，咳喘。
Ma-fen, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the female inflorescences and young fruit clusters of Cannabis sativa L., a plant in the Moraceae family. It has the effects of dispelling wind, relieving pain, and calming the mind. It is mainly used to treat gout, rheumatism, mania, insomnia, and asthma.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风，止痛，镇惊。
Dispelling wind, relieving pain, and calming the mind.

主治 Indications

痛风，痹证，癫狂，失眠，咳喘。
Gout, Bi syndrome, mania, insomnia, cough and asthma.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，0.3-0.6g。外用：捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 0.3-0.6g. External use: Mashed for application.

禁忌 Contraindications

体虚及孕妇禁服。
Weak constitution and pregnant women are prohibited from taking this.

注意事项 Precautions

体虚及孕妇忌服。①《本经》：多食令人狂走。②《本草经集注》：畏牡蛎、白薇。恶茯苓。
Weak constitution and pregnant women should avoid taking it. ① "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon": Overeating can make people run mad. ② "Compendium of Materia Medica Annotations": Avoid oysters, white rehmannia, and poria.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《本经》：“主五劳七伤，利五脏，下血寒气。久服，通神明，轻身。”2、《别录》：“破积，止痹，散脓。”3、《医林纂要》：“和胃，润命门，祛风，利大肠，破瘀，通乳，下胎。”4、李承祜《生药学》：“治躁狂，癔病，痉挛性咳嗽，喘息，神经痛。”

1. "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic": "It governs the five strains and seven injuries, benefits the five viscera, dispels cold and dampness in the blood. Long-term use can enhance spiritual clarity, lighten the body." 2. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Breaks up accumulations, stops numbness, disperses pus." 3. "Essentials from the Golden Cabinet": "Harmonizes the stomach, nourishes the Gate of Life, dispels wind, benefits the large intestine, breaks up blood stasis, promotes lactation, induces labor." 4. Li Chenghu's "Pharmacology": "Used to treat mania, hysteria, spasmodic cough, wheezing, and neuralgia."

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：6-7月采收，鲜用或晒干。
Processing and preparation: Harvest in June and July, for fresh use or drying.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：桑科大麻属植物大麻。
The plant species is Cannabis sativa, belonging to the genus Cannabis of the Moraceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，高1-3m。茎直立，表面有纵沟，密被短柔毛，皮层富纤维，基部木质化。掌状叶互生或下部对生，全裂，裂片3-11，披针形至条状披针形，两端渐尖，边缘具粗锯齿，上面深绿色有粗毛，下面密被灰白色毡毛；叶柄长4-15cm，被短绵毛；托叶小，离生，披针形。花单性，雌雄异株；雄花序为疏散的圆锥花序，顶生或腋生；雄花具花被片5；雄蕊5，花丝细长，花药大；雌花簇生于叶腋，绿黄色，每朵花外面有卵形苞；花被小，膜质；雌蕊1；子房圆球形，花柱呈二歧。瘦果卵圆形质硬，灰褐色，有细网状纹，为宿存的黄褐色苞片所包裹。花期5-6月，果期7-8月。
An annual herbaceous plant, 1–3 meters tall. The stem is erect with longitudinal grooves on the surface, densely covered with short soft hairs, rich in fibrous cortex, and woody at the base. The palmate leaves are alternate or opposite in the lower part, deeply lobed with 3–11 lobes, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, gradually pointed at both ends, with coarse serrations on the edges; the upper surface is dark green with coarse hairs, the lower surface densely covered with gray-white felt-like hairs; petioles 4–15 cm long, covered with short hairs; stipules small, free, lanceolate. Flowers are unisexual and dioecious. Male inflorescences are loose panicles, terminal or axillary; male flowers have 5 tepals and 5 stamens with slender filaments and large anthers. Female flowers cluster in leaf axils, greenish-yellow, each enclosed by an oval bract; tepals are small and membranous; pistil single; ovary spherical, style bifurcated. The fruit is a hard, ovoid achene, gray-brown with fine reticulate patterns, enclosed in persistent yellow-brown bracts. Flowering period: May–June; fruiting period: July–August.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于东北、华北、华东、中南等地。
Distributed in Northeast China, North China, East China, and Central South China.

生长环境 Growing Environment

我国各地均有栽培，也有半野生。喜温暖湿润气候，幼苗期能耐5–3℃霜冻，生长适宜温度为19–23℃。对土壤要求不严，以土层深厚疏松肥沃、排水良好的砂质壤土或黏质壤土栽培为宜。
Cultivated throughout China, also found semi-wild. Prefers warm and humid climates; seedlings can tolerate frost down to 5–3°C; optimal growth temperature is 19–23°C. Not particular about soil, but grows best in deep, loose, fertile sandy loam or clay loam with good drainage.

繁殖方式 Propagation Method

种子繁殖。
Seed propagation.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

用种子繁殖。选生长健壮、结实多的雌株割下果枝，晒干，脱粒，备用。春季3-4月播种。穴播：按行株距30cm×30cm开穴，每穴播种子10粒左右；条播：按行株距45cm×60cm开沟，将种子均匀播入，覆土，盖草木灰一层。播后7-10天出苗。
Propagate by seeds. Select healthy, high-yielding female plants, cut off fruit-bearing branches, dry them in the sun, thresh the seeds, and store for sowing in spring (March–April). For pit sowing: dig holes at 30cm × 30cm spacing, sow about 10 seeds per hole. For row sowing: make furrows at 45cm × 60cm spacing, evenly sow seeds, cover with soil, and top with a layer of wood ash. Seedlings emerge 7–10 days after sowing.