荚蒾子，中药名。为忍冬科荚蒾属植物荚蒾Viburnum dilatatum Thunb.的果实。主治破血，止痢消肿，除蛊疰、蛇毒。
Jia-mi-zi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the fruit of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb., a plant in the honeysuckle family. It is used to treat blood stasis, stop diarrhea, reduce swelling, and dispel gu parasites and snake venom.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

破血，止痢，消肿。
Promoting blood circulation, stopping dysentery, and reducing swelling.

主治 Indications

除蛊疰、蛇毒。
Treatment for Gu Zhu (poisonous insects) and snake venom.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g.

注意事项 Precautions

糖尿病人不可多食。
Diabetic patients should not consume excessively.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

含糖、果胶、维生素C、胡萝卜素、黄酮醇、花青素等。
Contains sugar, pectin, vitamin C, carotene, flavonols, anthocyanins, etc.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：8-10月采收，晒干或烘干。
Harvesting and processing: Harvest from August to October, then sun-dry or oven-dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：忍冬科荚蒾属植物荚蒾。
Plant species: Viburnum dilatatum Thunb., belonging to the Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle) family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

落叶灌木，高1.5-3m；当年小枝连同芽、叶柄和花序均密被土黄色或黄绿色开展的小刚毛状粗毛及簇状短毛，老时毛可弯伏，毛基有小瘤状突起，二年生小枝暗紫褐色，被疏毛或几无毛，有凸起的垫状物。叶纸质，宽倒卵形、倒卵形、或宽卵形，长3-10（-13）cm，顶端急尖，基部圆形至钝形或微心形，有时楔形，边缘有牙齿状锯齿，齿端突尖，上面被叉状或简单伏毛，下面被带黄色叉状或簇状毛，脉上毛尤密，脉腋集聚簇状毛，有带黄色或近无色的透亮腺点，虽脱落仍留有痕迹，近基部两侧有少数腺体，侧脉6-8对，直达齿端，上面凹陷，下面明显凸起；叶柄长（5-）10-15mm；无托叶。复伞形式聚伞花序稠密，生于具1对叶的短枝之顶，直径4-10cm，果时毛多少脱落，总花梗长1-2（-3）cm，第一级辐射枝5条，花生于第三至第四级辐射枝上，萼和花冠外面均有簇状糙毛；萼筒狭筒状，长约1mm，有暗红色微细腺点，萼齿卵形；花冠白色，辐状，直径约5mm，裂片圆卵形；雄蕊明显高出花冠，花药小，乳白色，宽椭圆形；花柱高出萼齿。果实红色，椭圆状卵圆形，长7-8mm；核扁，卵形，长6-8mm，直径5-6mm，有3条浅腹沟和2条浅背沟。花期5-6月，果熟期9-11月。
Deciduous shrub, 1.5–3 m tall; young branches, buds, petioles, and inflorescences densely covered with spreading coarse hairs that are earthy yellow or yellow-green; hairs may become appressed with age, with small wart-like bases. Second-year branches dark purplish-brown, sparsely hairy or nearly glabrous, with raised cushion-like structures. Leaves papery, broadly obovate, obovate, or broadly ovate, 3–10 (–13) cm long, apex acute, base rounded to obtuse or slightly cordate, sometimes cuneate, margins toothed with pointed tips, upper surface with forked or simple appressed hairs, lower surface with yellowish forked or clustered hairs, especially dense on veins and in axils, with translucent yellow or colorless glandular dots leaving traces when shed, a few glands near base on both sides, lateral veins 6–8 pairs, reaching teeth directly, impressed above, prominently raised beneath; petiole (5–)10–15 mm long; stipules absent. Compound corymbose cymes dense, terminal on short shoots bearing one pair of leaves, 4–10 cm in diameter; hairs partially shed at fruiting; peduncle 1–2 (–3) cm long; 5 primary rays; flowers borne on third to fourth order rays; calyx and corolla externally with clustered rough hairs; calyx tube narrowly cylindrical, ~1 mm long, with minute dark red glandular dots; calyx lobes ovate. Corolla white, rotate, ~5 mm in diameter, lobes broadly ovate. Stamens conspicuously exserted, anthers small, creamy white, broadly elliptic. Style exserted beyond calyx lobes. Fruit red, ellipsoid-ovoid, 7–8 mm long; stone flattened, ovoid, 6–8 mm long, 5–6 mm in diameter, with 3 shallow ventral grooves and 2 shallow dorsal grooves. Flowering May–June, fruiting September–November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

产中国河北南部、陕西南部、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南南部、湖北、湖南、广东北部、广西北部、四川、贵州及云南（保山）。日本和朝鲜也有分布。
Distributed in southern Hebei, southern Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, southern Henan, Hubei, Hunan, northern Guangdong, northern Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan (Baoshan) in China. Also found in Japan and Korea.

生长环境 Habitat

生于山坡或山谷疏林下，林缘及山脚灌丛中，海拔100～1000米。
Grows under sparse forests on slopes or in valleys, along forest edges, and in thickets at mountain foothills, at elevations of 100–1000 meters.

生长习性 Growth Habits

荚蒾为温带植物，喜光，喜温暖湿润，也耐阴、耐寒，对气候因子及土壤条件要求不严，最好是微酸性肥沃土壤，地栽、盆栽均可，管理可以粗放。
Viburnum dilatatum is a temperate plant that prefers sunlight and warm, humid conditions, but also tolerates shade and cold. It is adaptable to various climates and soils, thriving best in slightly acidic, fertile soil. Suitable for both ground planting and pot cultivation, and requires minimal maintenance.

繁殖方式 Propagation Methods

播种繁殖。
Propagation by seed.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

荚蒾果实为核果，外果皮和内果皮肉质，果核多呈压扁状，内果皮木质，坚韧，黄色至灰褐色，内含有一粒种子。果核与种皮不易分离，种皮膜质，种胚被坚实的硬肉质或嚼烂状具有韧性的胚乳包围，其种胚位于胚乳尖端内，一般未发育完全，随着成熟逐渐长成形。秋冬采种，种子具休眠期。荚蒾种子休眠一般采用冷暖层积交替处理来打破种子的休眠。由于荚蒾种子的胚在果实成熟时还未完全成熟而使种子处于休眠状态，在种子胚发育和萌发发生前一般需要温层积处理（≥15℃）或者冷层积处理（≤10℃），或者两种处理交替使用。Gierbach（1937）将胚根已萌发的种子置于10℃下分别放置两个半月和4个月后发现种子上胚轴萌发率分别为61%和81%。解除休眠于翌年春播种。
The fruit of Viburnum dilatatum is a drupe with fleshy outer and inner pericarps. The stone is often flattened, with a woody, tough, yellow to gray-brown endocarp enclosing a single seed. The stone and seed coat are difficult to separate; the seed coat is membranous. The embryo is surrounded by a firm, hard or chewy, resilient endosperm, located at the tip of the endosperm. The embryo is generally underdeveloped at fruit maturity and gradually differentiates during after-ripening. Seeds are collected in autumn and winter and have a dormancy period. To break dormancy, alternating warm and cold stratification is commonly used. Because the embryo is immature when the fruit ripens, warm stratification (≥15°C) or cold stratification (≤10°C), or alternating treatments, are required before embryo development and germination. Gierbach (1937) found that seeds with germinated radicles, stored at 10°C for 2.5 and 4 months, showed epicotyl germination rates of 61% and 81%, respectively. After dormancy is broken, seeds are sown in the following spring.

病虫防治 Disease and Pest Control

夏季易发生蚜虫、叶螨类，注意消灭越冬虫源以控制翌年发生量。病害发生前喷洒65%代森锰锌600倍液、50%石硫合剂500-800倍液，可起到保护作用。平时养护管理中及时剪除患病枝叶。
Aphids and spider mites are common in summer. Eliminate overwintering pest sources to reduce outbreaks the following year. Before disease onset, spray with 65% mancozeb (600-fold dilution) or 50% lime-sulfur solution (500–800-fold dilution) for preventive protection. Regularly prune and remove diseased branches and leaves during routine care.