麻栎，中药名。为壳斗科栎属植物麻栎Quercus acutissima Carr.，以果实及叶入药。具有树皮：收敛，止痢；果：解毒消肿的功效。主治树皮：久泻痢疾；果：乳腺炎。
Querc, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. acutissima Carr., a plant of the Fagaceae family, is used as a medicinal herb, with its fruits and leaves being the main components. The bark has the effects of astringing and stopping diarrhea, while the fruit can detoxify and reduce swelling. It is mainly used to treat chronic diarrhea with the bark and mastitis with the fruit.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

树皮：收敛，止痢。果：解毒消肿。
Tree bark: astringent, stops diarrhea. Fruit: detoxifies and reduces swelling.

主治 Indications

树皮：久泻痢疾。果：乳腺炎。
Tree bark: used for chronic diarrhea. Fruit: used for mastitis.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

用量3-9g。
Dosage: 3-9g.

化学成分 Chemical Components

叶及皮均含有鞣质。花粉含无羁萜、β-香树脂酮、羽扇酮、β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、莱油甾醇、阿拉伯聚糖、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、有机酸类（枸橼酸、苹果酸、缩苹果酸）及氨基酸类。
Both the leaves and bark contain tannins. The pollen contains sesquiterpenes, β-eudesmol, farnesol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, arabinogalactan, stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, organic acids (citric acid, malic acid, quinic acid), and amino acids.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、本品对大鼠膀胱植入的草酸钙结石有一定的溶解作用。

1. This product has a certain dissolution effect on calcium oxalate stones implanted in the bladders of rats.

2、据报导有一定的抗癌效果。
2. It is reported to have a certain anti-cancer effect.

临床应用 Clinical Applications

阿米巴痢疾：麻栎树皮500g，加水3000ml，煎成1500ml。每服30-50ml，每日3次，连服7天。
Amoebic dysentery: 500g of oak bark, add 3000ml of water, decoct into 1500ml. Take 30-50ml per dose, 3 times a day, for 7 consecutive days.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季采果实，晒干备用，夏季采鲜叶入药。
In autumn, the fruits are harvested, dried, and stored for later use, while fresh leaves are harvested in summer for medicinal purposes.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：壳斗科栎属植物麻栎。
Quercus acutissima, a species of oak in the Fagaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

落叶乔木，高达20m。树皮灰黑色，具不规则深裂。小枝暗灰褐色，无毛，具多数浅黄色皮孔。幼枝有黄色绒毛，后变无毛。单叶互生，有柄；叶片长椭圆状披针形，长9-16cm，宽3-4.5cm，先端渐长尖，基部圆形或阔楔形，边缘具芒状锯齿，侧脉13-18对，直达齿端，上面深绿色，有光泽，下面淡绿色，幼时有黄色短细毛，后脱落，仅脉腋有毛。夏季开花。单性，雌雄同株；雄花成柔荑花序，通常数个集生于新枝叶腋，长6-12cm，花被通常5裂，雄蕊4，罕较多；雌花1-3集生新枝叶腋，子房3室，花柱3。壳斗杯形，包坚果约1/2；鳞片窄披针形，呈覆瓦状排列反曲，被灰白色柔毛；坚果卵状球形或长卵形，果脐突起。
Deciduous tree, reaching up to 20m in height. The bark is gray-black with irregular deep fissures. Twigs are dark gray-brown, hairless, with numerous shallow yellow lenticels. Young twigs are covered with yellowish tomentum, which later becomes glabrous. Leaves are alternate, petiolate; leaf blades are long elliptic-lanceolate, 9-16cm long, 3-4.5cm wide, gradually tapering to a long point at the apex, with a rounded or broadly cuneate base, serrated margins with bristle-like tips, 13-18 pairs of lateral veins extending to the teeth, dark green and glossy above, pale green below, initially with yellowish fine hairs when young, later falling off, leaving only tufts of hair at vein axils. Flowers bloom in summer. Monoecious, with male and female flowers on the same plant; male flowers form catkins, usually several clustered in leaf axils of new shoots, 6-12cm long, perianth typically 5-lobed, 4 stamens, rarely more; female flowers 1-3 clustered in leaf axils, ovary 3-chambered, with 3 styles. Cupule cup-shaped, enclosing about half of the nut; scales narrowly lanceolate, imbricate and reflexed, covered with grayish-white pubescence; nuts ovoid-globose or long-ovoid, with a prominent hilum.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于辽宁、河北、河南、山西、陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、浙江、江西、台湾、湖北、湖南、广西、广东及西南等地。
Distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and southwestern regions, among others.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于丘陵或山谷疏林。
Grows in sparse forests in hilly or mountainous valleys.