黄牛毛藓，中药名。为牛毛藓科植物黄牛毛藓Ditrichum pallidum（Hedw.）Hamp.[Trichostomum pallidum Hedw.]的植物体。具有熄风镇惊的功效。主治小儿惊风。
Huang-niu-mao-xian, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the plant body of Ditrichum pallidum (Hedw.) Hamp. [Trichostomum pallidum Hedw.], a plant in the family Ditrichaceae. It has the efficacy of calming wind and settling convulsions, and is mainly used to treat infantile convulsions.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

熄风镇惊。
The formula is used to calm the wind and relieve convulsions.

主治 Indications

小儿惊风。
Infantile convulsions.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g。
Internal use: Decoction, 15-30g.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，洗净，晒干。
Harvest in summer and autumn, wash and dry in the sun.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：本品为数株丛生的片状或团块状，黄绿色或金黄色。每株分离后，湿润展平，茎长0.7-1cm。叶多列，卵状披针形或条状，长3-5mm，基部较宽，向内卷，下延呈尖耳状，全缘，上部渐狭，顶部叶缘具细齿，中肋1条，较粗，直达叶尖；苞叶较大，基部鞘状。有的可见长1-3cm的细长蒴柄，孢蒴卵状圆柱形，蒴盖具喙状短尖，蒴帽兜形。气微，味淡。
The medicinal material is composed of several tufts of leafy or lumpy pieces, yellow-green or golden yellow in color. After separation, each tuft is moistened and flattened, with a stem length of 0.7–1 cm. Leaves are arranged in multiple rows, ovate-lanceolate or linear, 3–5 mm long, with a broader base that curls inward and extends downward into a pointed ear-like shape; margins are entire, upper part gradually narrows, apex with fine teeth; one thick midrib extends to the leaf tip. Bracts are larger, with a sheath-like base. Some specimens show slender setae (sporophyte stalks) 1–3 cm long; sporangia are ovoid-cylindrical, with a beak-like short point on the operculum and a hood-shaped calyptra. Slight odor, bland taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：牛毛藓科植物黄牛毛藓。
The plant species is Bryum argenteum, belonging to the Bryaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

植物体丛生，黄绿色，高0.5-1cm，略具光泽。茎直立，少分枝。叶片倾立，略向一侧弯曲，叶片长卵圆形，向上渐成细长尖，先端具齿突；中肋扁阔，突出叶尖，上部细胞狭长方形，不透明，基部细胞多边形，壁薄，黄色透明。雌雄同株。苞叶较大，基部鞘状，向上渐呈细长叶尖，蒴柄细长，长2-4cm，红棕色；孢蒴长卵形，直立或略弯曲，长达3mm，黄褐色，薄壁，蒴口小；蒴盖圆锥形，略具短喙。环带3列细胞，自行脱落。生于林下地上。春季至秋季多见。
The plant body grows in dense tufts, yellow-green in color, 0.5–1 cm tall, slightly glossy. Stems are erect with few branches. Leaves are inclined, slightly curved to one side, broadly ovate, tapering to a slender point, with toothed tips. The midrib is broad and flat, extending beyond the leaf apex. Upper cells are narrow rectangular and opaque; basal cells are polygonal, thin-walled, and yellow-transparent. Dioicous (but sometimes reported as autoicous). Bracts are larger, sheath-like at base, tapering to a slender point. Setae are slender, 2–4 cm long, reddish-brown; capsules are elongated-ovoid, erect or slightly curved, up to 3 mm long, yellowish-brown, thin-walled, with a small mouth. Operculum is conical with a short beak. The peristome consists of three rows of cells that detach spontaneously.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于吉林、辽宁、河北、内蒙古、陕西、青海、新疆、江苏、浙江、湖南、广东、贵州、云南、西藏等地。
Distributed in Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于林下地上。春季至秋季多见。
Grows on the ground under forests. Commonly seen from spring to autumn.