北风草，中药名。为唇形科绣球防风属植物白绒草Leucas mollissima Wall.的全草。具有清肺，明目，解毒的功效。主治肺热咳嗽，咽喉肿痛，目赤青盲，乳痈，湿疹，跌打损伤。
Bei-feng-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole plant of Leucas mollissima Wall., a plant of the Labiatae family and the Genus Leucas. It has the effects of clearing the lungs, improving vision, and detoxification. It is mainly used to treat lung heat cough, sore throat, red eyes, blindness, breast abscess, eczema, and bruises.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清肺，明目，解毒。
Clear the lungs, improve vision, detoxify.

主治 Indications

肺热咳嗽，咽喉肿痛，目赤青盲，乳痈，湿疹，跌打损伤。
Symptoms of lung heat cough, sore throat, red and swollen eyes, mastitis, eczema, and bruises.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g，大剂量可用至60g。外用：鲜品捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 15-30g, can be used in high doses up to 60g. External use: Freshly prepared poultice.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《云南中草药》：“清肺止咳。主治感冒发热、百日咳、肺炎、支气管炎、咳嗽、小儿疳积、骨折、跌打损伤。”

1. "Yunnan Herbal Medicine": "Clears the lungs and stops coughing. Used to treat fever, whooping cough, pneumonia, bronchitis, cough, pediatric malnutrition, fractures, and bruises."

2、《全国中草药汇编》：“外用治疖肿，乳腺炎。”
2. "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Used externally to treat boils, swelling, and mastitis."

3、《四川中药志》1982年版：“祛风明目，解疮毒。用于风热目赤肿痛，青盲，疮肿，皮肤痒疹。”
3. "Sichuan Materia Medica": 1982 edition: "Dispels wind, brightens the eyes, and resolves toxins. Used for red, swollen, and painful eyes due to wind-heat, night blindness, abscesses, skin itching, and rashes."

4、《福建药物志》：“清热解毒，利咽止咳。主治咽喉肿痛，慢性肾盂肾炎，关节痛，痢疾，遗精，前列腺炎，乳腺炎，白带，蛀牙痛，痔疮，稻田性皮炎，痈疽。”
4. "Fujian Materia Medica": "Clears heat, detoxifies, benefits the throat, and stops coughing. Used to treat sore throat, chronic pyelonephritis, joint pain, dysentery, spermatorrhea, prostatitis, mastitis, leukorrhea, toothache, hemorrhoids, paddy field dermatitis, and carbuncles."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治皮肤湿疹：北风草60g，排风藤60g。煎水外洗。（《四川中药志》1982年）

1. Treatment for eczema: 60g of Beifengcao (Radix Saposhnikoviae) and 60g of Paifengteng (Caulis Clematidis Armandii) are decocted in water for external washing. (From "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records" 1982)

2、治慢性肾盂肾炎：白绒草20g，银杏20粒。水煎服。
2. Treatment for chronic pyelonephritis: 20g of Bairongcao (Herba Equiseti Hiemalis) and 20 pieces of Yinxing (Ginkgo biloba) are decocted in water for oral administration.

3、治白带：白绒草、鲜白扁豆根各20g，银杏20粒。水煎服。
3. Treatment for leukorrhea: 20g each of Bairongcao (Herba Equiseti Hiemalis) and fresh Baibiandou root, and 20 pieces of Yinxing (Ginkgo biloba) are decocted in water for oral administration.

4、治痈疽，乳腺炎：白绒草、一枝黄花各30g，酒水各半，炖服；另取鲜白绒草、一枝黄花各适量，捣烂加热，敷患处。（2-4方出自《福建药物志》）
4. Treatment for carbuncles and mastitis: 30g each of Bairongcao (Herba Equiseti Hiemalis) and Yizhihuanghua, half each of alcohol and water, are stewed for oral administration; additionally, take appropriate amounts of fresh Bairongcao (Herba Equiseti Hiemalis) and Yizhihuanghua, mash and heat them, then apply to the affected area. (The 2nd to 4th prescriptions are from "Fujian Materia Medica Records")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：7-9月采收，晒干或鲜用。
Harvest from July to September, and dry in the sun or use fresh.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：茎呈方柱形，有分枝，长约50cm，有绒毛状长柔毛。叶对生，多皱缩或破碎，完整叶片展平后呈卵形，长1.5-4cm，边缘具锯齿，两面密被短绒毛。轮伞花序，苞片较少，条形；花萼筒状，外表面密被柔毛，花冠筒状唇形，多干缩。小坚果卵状三棱形。气微，味淡。
The stem is square in shape, branched, about 50cm long, and covered with soft hairs. The leaves are opposite, often wrinkled or broken, with intact leaves being ovate when spread out, 1.5-4cm long, serrated edges, and short hairs on both sides. The inflorescence is umbellate, with few bracts that are linear; the calyx is tubular, densely covered with soft hairs on the outer surface, with a tubular lip-shaped corolla that often shrivels. The small nut is ovoid and triangular. It has a mild scent and a bland taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：唇形科绣球防风属植物白绒草。
The white down grass is a plant of the Lamiaceae family, belonging to the genus Leucas (Orbicularia).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

白绒草，一年生草本，茎直立，高50-100cm。茎纤细，多分枝，四棱形，有沟槽，被柔毛。叶对生；叶柄短，枝条上部叶近于无柄，密被绒毛；叶片卵圆形，长1.5-4cm，宽1-2.3cm，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形至心形，边缘具圆齿状锯齿，纸质，两面均密被柔毛状绒毛。轮伞花序腋生，球状，多花密集，苞片密被长柔毛，花萼管状，萼口平截，呈10齿裂，齿呈长三角形，极短小，近于等大；花冠白色、淡黄色至粉红色，冠檐二唇形，上唇直伸，盔状，下唇开张，比上唇长1.5倍，呈3裂状，中裂片最大，倒心形；雄蕊4，后对较短，花丝丝状，花药卵圆形，二室；花柱与雄蕊略等长，先端不等2裂。小坚果卵圆状三棱形，黑褐色。花期5-10月，果期6-11月。
White mugwort is an annual herb with an erect stem that grows to a height of 50-100cm. The stem is slender, often branched, quadrangular with grooves, and covered with soft hairs. The leaves are opposite; the leaf stalk is short, and the upper leaves on the branches are nearly sessile, densely covered with pubescence. The leaf blade is ovate, 1.5-4cm long, 1-2.3cm wide, gradually pointed at the tip, wide-wedge to cordate at the base, with rounded serrate margins, papery, and densely covered with soft pubescent hairs on both sides. The umbel inflorescence is axillary, spherical, densely packed with many flowers, and the bracts are densely covered with long soft hairs. The calyx is tubular, with a flat 10-toothed mouth, the teeth are long triangular and very short, nearly equal in size; the corolla is white, pale yellow to pink, with a two-lipped corolla, the upper lip straight and helmet-shaped, the lower lip spreading, 1.5 times longer than the upper lip, 3-lobed, with the middle lobe being the largest and inversely heart-shaped; there are 4 stamens, the posterior pair shorter, with filiform filaments, oval anthers with two chambers; the pistil is slightly longer than the stamens, with an unequal 2-lobed apex. The small nut is ovate-triangular, blackish-brown. The flowering period is from May to October, and the fruiting period is from June to November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于广西、贵州、云南等地。
Distributed in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔750-2000m的向阳灌丛、路旁、草地及溪边等润湿地。
It grows in moist habitats such as sunny shrubs, roadsides, grasslands, and stream banks at altitudes of 750-2000 meters.