大一箭球，中药名。为莎草科植物刺子莞Rhynchospora rubra（Lour.） Makino 【Schoenus ruber Lour.】的全草。具有疏风清热，利湿通淋的功效。主治风热感冒，咳嗽，头痛，淋浊。
Da-yi-jian-qiu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the whole plant of Rhynchospora rubra (Lour.) Makino [Schoenus ruber Lour.], a plant of the sedge family. It has the effects of dispersing wind and clearing heat, promoting urination, and relieving dampness. It is mainly used to treat wind-heat type of common cold, cough, headache, and urinary tract infection.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

疏风清热，利湿通淋。
Dispersing wind and clearing heat, promoting diuresis and relieving stranguria.

主治 Indications

风热感冒，咳嗽，头痛，淋浊。
Wind-heat common cold, cough, headache, and turbid urine.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋采收，洗净，晒干。
Harvest in summer and autumn, wash, and dry in the sun.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：莎草科植物刺子莞。
The plant species is Rhynchospora rubra, a member of the Cyperaceae (sedge) family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

刺子莞，多年生草本，高30-60cm。根茎极短。秆丛生，直立，圆柱形，具细条纹。叶基生，钻状线形，短于秆，宽2-3mm，先端渐狭成三棱形。苞片4-10，叶状，长0.7-4cm，下部密生缘毛。头状花序顶生，球形，直径12-17mm，棕色，有多数小穗；小穗狭被针形，长约7mm，有光泽，具鳞片7-8，花2-3；鳞片卵状披针形至椭圆状卵形，棕色，有花鳞片较大，顶端有锐尖，中脉在背面隆起，最上面的1-2鳞片有雄花，其下1枝为雌花；下位刚毛4-6条，长短不一，长约为小坚果长度的1／2或1／3；雄蕊2或3，花药线形；花柱细长，基部膨大，柱头1-2，短小。小坚果倒卵形，双凸状，长1.5-1.8mm，黑褐色，上部边缘有细缘毛，表面有细点，宿存花柱基三角形。花、果期5-11月。
Ci Zi Wan is a perennial herb, 30-60cm tall. It has extremely short rhizomes. The stems are tufted, erect, cylindrical, and have fine stripes. The basal leaves are linear-lanceolate, shorter than the stems, 2-3mm wide, and gradually taper to a triangular shape at the tip. There are 4-10 bracts, leaf-like, 0.7-4cm long, densely hairy at the base. The terminal inflorescence is spherical, 12-17mm in diameter, brown, with numerous small spikelets; the spikelets are narrowly needle-shaped, about 7mm long, shiny, with 7-8 scales, and 2-3 flowers; the scales are ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, brown, with larger floral scales, acute at the apex, the midvein raised on the back, the upper 1-2 scales bearing male flowers, and the one below bearing female flowers; 4-6 lower bristles, of varying lengths, about half or one-third the length of the nut; 2 or 3 stamens, anthers linear; the style is slender, enlarged at the base, with 1-2 short stigmas. The nutlets are inverted-ovate, biconvex, 1.5-1.8mm long, black-brown, with fine marginal hairs on the upper edge, fine dots on the surface, and a triangular base from the persistent floral style. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于长江流域以南各地及台湾。
Distributed in various regions south of the Yangtze River Basin and Taiwan.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔100-1500m的山坡草地或沼泽地。
Grows in mountain grasslands or marshes at an altitude of 100-1500 meters above sea level.

生长习性 Growth Habits

喜温暖气候，能生长在各种环境中，耐旱，耐贫瘠。宜选择排水良好、向阳的山地栽培。
Prefers warm climates and can grow in various environments, resistant to drought and poor soil. Suitable for cultivation in well-drained, sunny mountainous areas.

繁殖方式 Reproduction Methods

用种子繁殖法。
Use seed propagation method.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

冬季或早春直播。条播或撒播，播后盖一层细土，浇水。苗出齐后，间掉过密的苗，勤除杂草。一般不行追肥。雨季注意排水。
Sow directly in late winter or early spring. Can be sown in rows or broadcast, cover with a thin layer of soil after sowing, and water. After the seedlings have emerged uniformly, thin out overcrowded seedlings and diligently remove weeds. Generally, there is no need for additional fertilization. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season.