旱莲花，中药名。为旱金莲科旱金莲属植物旱金莲Tropaeolum majus L.的全草。具有清热解毒的功效。主治目赤肿痛，恶毒大疮。
Han-lian-hua, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole plant of Tropaeolum majus L. of the family Tropaeolaceae. It has the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxifying, and is mainly used to treat red and swollen eyes, and malignant ulcers.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒。
Clearing heat and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

目赤肿痛，恶毒大疮。
Redness, swelling, and pain in the eyes, with severe and malignant ulcers.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

外用：捣敷。
External application: pounding and applying.

注意事项 Precautions

《药性论》：有孕人勿服。
"Pharmacological Properties": Not to be taken by pregnant women.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

种子含葡萄糖金莲橙、α-苯基桂皮腈、抗菌成分异硫氰酸苄酯970毫克％、脂肪油7.2％或15％，油的皂化部分中芥酸约过半数。果皮含绿原酸和少量黄酮类。根茎、叶柄、特别是叶中含异槲皮甙、槲皮素-3-三葡萄糖甙、绿原酸。叶含硫氰酸苄酯。花含多种类胡萝卜素、山柰酚葡萄糖甙。
The seeds contain glucose nasturtium orange, α-phenylcinnamitrile, the antibacterial component benzyl isothiocyanate at 970 mg%, fat oil of 7.2% or 15%, with erucic acid accounting for more than half of the saponified portion of the oil. The peel contains chlorogenic acid and small amounts of flavonoids. Rhizomes, petioles, and especially leaves contain isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-triglucoside, and chlorogenic acid. Leaves contain benzyl thiocyanate. Flowers contain various carotenoids and kaempferol glucosides.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

叶或其他部分所含之挥发性成分，为广谱抗菌素（德国制剂名Tromalyt）。对革兰氏阴性或阳性细菌在体外的有效浓度为1：1000000-3000000。对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、炭疽杆菌、枯草杆菌、抗酸杆菌以及某些真菌均有抑制作用。对多数能形成芽胞的细菌和眼感染中的微生物亦有良好的抑制作用。它还能增加氯霉素的抗菌效力，以幼嫩植物之效力较好，茎其次，根则无效，水汽蒸馏所得之部分的效力不够好。有效成分为亲脂性、难溶于水（可作成乳剂使用）的异硫氰酸苄酯（苯芥子油）。经化学与生物学（大肠杆菌生长时之氧耗量、对豚鼠的降低体温作用）检定，证明Tromalyt即为异硫氰酸苄酯。经胃、十二指肠易于吸收，排泄之主要途径为肾，呼吸道及口腔粘膜也有排泄（口服后1-3小时即排出）。成人在服后4-6小时尿中达最高浓度。给豚鼠长期服用（3个半月）对排泄器官并无刺激症状发生，内脏的组织学检查也无明显病变，血象除大淋巴细胞数有增加外，余均正常。豚鼠的嗜伊红细胞不增多，亦无气喘，故未发生过敏现象，但服后2-3周在颈背皮肤上有溃烂，粪便中无排出，不引起腹泻，亦不扰乱肠菌丛。旱莲花还有非特异性的刺激作用，能使网状内皮系统之活动增加；从而增强机体防御能力及痊愈过程。临床上可用于一般感染如上呼吸道感染、口腔炎及尿路感染。副作用可有尿频，胃部不适，婴儿可发生呕吐。曾有小孩用药6天后发皮疹者，局部应用有发赤作用。对菌血症、胆道或肠道感染不适用。
The volatile components contained in leaves or other parts are known as Tromalyt, a broad-spectrum antibiotic (German preparation name Tromalyt). The effective concentration in vitro against Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria is 1:1,000,000–3,000,000. It has inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and certain fungi. It also has good inhibitory effects on most spore-forming bacteria and microorganisms causing eye infections. It can enhance the antibacterial efficacy of chloramphenicol, with better efficacy from tender plants, followed by stems, while roots are ineffective. The portion obtained by water vapor distillation has poor efficacy. The active ingredient is lipophilic and poorly soluble in water (can be made into an emulsion), namely benzyl isothiocyanate (benzyl mustard oil). Chemical and biological tests (oxygen consumption during E. coli growth, body temperature reduction in guinea pigs) have confirmed that Tromalyt is benzyl isothiocyanate. It is easily absorbed via the stomach and duodenum, with primary excretion through the kidneys; excretion also occurs via the respiratory tract and oral mucosa (within 1–3 hours after oral administration). In adults, peak urinary concentration is reached 4–6 hours after intake. Long-term administration to guinea pigs (3.5 months) caused no irritation in excretory organs, and histological examination of internal organs revealed no significant lesions; blood counts were normal except for an increase in large lymphocytes. Eosinophils did not increase, no asthma occurred, and no allergic reactions developed. However, skin ulcers appeared on the neck and back 2–3 weeks after administration, with no fecal discharge, no diarrhea, and no disruption of gut flora. Tropaeolum majus (garden nasturtium) also has non-specific stimulating effects that enhance reticuloendothelial system activity, thereby boosting the body's defense mechanisms and recovery processes. Clinically, it can be used for general infections such as upper respiratory tract infections, oral inflammation, and urinary tract infections. Side effects may include frequent urination, gastric discomfort, and vomiting in infants. Skin rashes have been reported in children after 6 days of use, and local application may cause redness. It is not suitable for bacteremia, biliary, or intestinal infections.

毒理作用 Toxicological Effects

Tromalyt急性毒性为：小鼠、豚鼠、大鼠腹腔注射之半数致死量分别为76～107、68、72mg／kg；口服则分别为134、81、128mg／kg。
The acute toxicity of Tromalyt is as follows: the median lethal dose (LD50) for intraperitoneal injection in mice, guinea pigs, and rats is 76–107, 68, and 72 mg/kg, respectively; for oral administration, the values are 134, 81, and 128 mg/kg, respectively.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《广西药植名录》：“治疮毒。”2、《广西中草药》：“清热解毒。治目赤肿痛，恶毒大疮。”

1. "Guangxi Medicinal Plant Catalog": "Treats ulcerous toxins." 2. "Guangxi Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Clears heat and detoxifies. Treats red, swollen, and painful eyes, as well as severe and toxic ulcers."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治目赤肿痛：金莲花、野菊花各适量。捣烂敷眼眶。（《广西中草药》）2、治恶毒大疮：金莲花、雾水葛、木芙蓉各适量。共捣烂，敷患处。（《广西中草药》）

1. Treatment for red, swollen, and painful eyes: Take appropriate amounts of golden lotus flower and wild chrysanthemum. Crush and apply around the eye socket. ("Guangxi Chinese Herbal Medicine") 2. Treatment for severe and toxic ulcers: Take appropriate amounts of golden lotus flower, fog water kudzu, and cotton rose mallow. Mix and crush, then apply to the affected area. ("Guangxi Chinese Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋、冬采全草。
Harvest and process: Collect the whole plant in autumn and winter.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

形态特征：一年生或多年生攀援状肉质草本，全株光滑无毛。根有时块状。叶互生，盾状近圆形，宽约5～10厘米，有主脉9条，由叶柄着生处向四方发出，边缘有波状钝角，下面通常被毛或有乳凸点；叶柄长10～20厘米，着生于叶片的近中心处。花单生于叶腋，有长柄；多为黄色或橘红色，宽2.5～5厘米；萼片5，基部合生，其中1片延长成为1长距；花瓣5，大小不等，上面2瓣常较大，下面3瓣较小，基部狭窄成爪，近爪处边缘有毛状裂；雄蕊8，花丝分离，不等长；子房3室，花柱1，柱头3裂，线形。果实成熟时分裂成3个小蒴果。花期春、夏。
Morphological characteristics: An annual or perennial climbing fleshy herb, smooth and glabrous throughout. Roots sometimes tuberous. Leaves alternate, peltate and nearly round, about 5–10 cm wide, with 9 main veins radiating from the petiole attachment point, margins with wavy blunt angles, lower surfaces usually pubescent or bearing papillae. Petioles 10–20 cm long, attached near the center of the leaf blade. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, with long pedicels; mostly yellow or orange-red, 2.5–5 cm wide; 5 sepals, basally fused, one elongated into a long spur; 5 unequal petals, upper two often larger, lower three smaller, narrowed at base into claws, with fringed margins near claw; 8 stamens with separate, unequal filaments; ovary 3-celled, style single, stigma 3-lobed and linear. Mature fruit splits into 3 small capsules. Flowering period in spring and summer.

分布区域 Distribution Area

我国各地有栽培。
Cultivated throughout various regions of China.

生长环境 Growing Environment

喜温暖湿润气候，喜阳光充足，不耐寒。南方多年生栽培；北方作一年生植物栽培。以疏松肥沃、富含腐殖质的壤土栽培为宜。
Prefers warm and humid climate with abundant sunlight; not cold-resistant. Perennial cultivation in the south; grown as an annual in the north. Best cultivated in loose, fertile loam rich in organic matter.

繁殖方式 Propagation Method

用种子或扦插繁殖。
Propagated by seed or cuttings.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

种子繁殖，育苗移栽法：春季将种子用40-45℃温水浸泡1d，再行播种于苗床，5月移栽于盆钵中或露地栽培。扦插繁殖：选嫩枝作插穗，插穗具有3-5个芽，除去下部叶片，扦插后需遮荫。约经2星期即能生根，再移栽。田间管理：幼苗生长高20cm时，要用细竹竿设立支架，用绳缚牢，以利生长，并追施稀粪水1次，现蕾开花前再施1次稀肥水。并经常浇水，保持一定的湿度。
Seed propagation using seedling transplantation method: In spring, soak seeds in 40–45°C warm water for 1 day, sow in seedbeds, and transplant to pots or open ground in May. Cuttings propagation: Select tender branches as cuttings with 3–5 buds, remove lower leaves, and provide shade after planting. Roots form in about 2 weeks, after which they can be transplanted. Field management: When seedlings reach 20 cm in height, set up supports with thin bamboo poles and secure with twine to aid climbing. Apply diluted manure once, and another application of dilute fertilizer before flowering. Water regularly to maintain adequate moisture.