壶卢，中药名。为葫芦科植物葫芦Lagenaria siceraria（Molina） Standl 【Cucurbita siceraria Molina】、瓠瓜Lagenaria siceraria（Molina） Standl.var.depressa（Ser.）Hara的果实。具有利水，通淋的功效。主治水肿，腹胀，黄疸，淋病。
Hu-lu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the fruit of the plant Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl, also known as bottle gourd or calabash, which belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. It has the functions of promoting diuresis and relieving stranguria. It is mainly used to treat edema, abdominal distension, jaundice, and urinary dribbling.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

利水，通淋。
Promote diuresis and relieve stranguria.

主治 Indications

水肿，腹胀，黄疸，淋病。
Edema, abdominal distension, jaundice, gonorrhea.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-30g；或煅存性研末。
Internal administration: Decoction, 9-30g; or powdered after calcination.

注意事项 Precautions

中寒者忌服。《滇南本草》：“动寒疾，有寒疾食之，肚腹疼。发腹中风湿痰积，有风湿积食之，肚腹疼痛。出风疹，不宜多食。”
Avoid taking it if you have a cold. According to "Yunnan Materia Medica": "If one has a cold disease and eats it, they will experience abdominal pain. If there is wind-cold dampness phlegm accumulation in the abdomen, eating it will cause abdominal pain. It is not advisable to eat it when suffering from wind rash."

化学成分 Chemical Composition

原种葫芦干瓢中含葡萄糖20％，戊聚糖等。果实成熟时木质素的含量增多，而莽草酸等含量减少。另有谓葫芦有毒，含葫芦素B。
The original gourd and dried gourd contain 20% glucose, pentosan, etc. When the fruit is ripe, the content of lignin increases, while the content of shikimic acid decreases. It is also said that gourds are toxic, containing cucurbitacin B.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

麻醉犬静脉注射葫芦煎剂0.4g/kg有显着的利尿作用，其作用较虫笋略强而持久，如与虫笋合用，利尿效果比单用者显着。家兔以葫芦煎剂2g/kg灌胃，每日排尿总量虽无甚增加，但在给药后的最初12小时内，尿量较平时增加40％；如以葫芦与虫笋等量混合煎剂灌胃，尿量增加达67.41％。家兔以2g/kg/日灌胃，连续1周无不良反应。去皮根可治水肿，并有致泻作用。
Intravenous injection of 0.4g/kg of hulu decoction in anesthetized dogs has a significant diuretic effect, which is slightly stronger and more lasting than that of bamboo shavings. When used in combination with bamboo shavings, the diuretic effect is more significant than when used alone. When administered to rabbits at 2g/kg by gastric lavage, although the total amount of urine excreted daily did not increase significantly, there was a 40% increase in urine output in the first 12 hours after administration compared to normal levels. When hulu and bamboo shavings were mixed in equal amounts and administered by gastric lavage, the urine output increased by 67.41%. Rabbits administered at 2g/kg/day by gastric lavage for one week showed no adverse reactions. The peeled roots can treat edema and have a laxative effect.

毒理作用 Toxicological Effects

葫芦素B对兔之最小致死量为0.5mg/kg（静脉注射），注射于麻醉猫0.3mg/kg可致死，小鼠腹腔注射之半数致死量为1mg/kg，动物之死亡皆由于急性肺水肿；死后解剖除肺充血外，有全身青紫、心停于扩张期、胃粘膜郁血等。某些变种的果肉或叶有致泻作用。
The minimum lethal dose of cucurbitacin B for rabbits is 0.5mg/kg (intravenous injection), which can cause death in anesthetized cats at a dose of 0.3mg/kg. The median lethal dose for mice by intraperitoneal injection is 1mg/kg. The cause of death in animals is acute pulmonary edema. Postmortem examination reveals pulmonary congestion, systemic cyanosis, cardiac arrest in the diastolic phase, and gastric mucosal congestion. Some variants of the fruit pulp or leaves have a laxative effect.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《滇南本草》：“利水道，通淋，除心肺烦热。”
2、《本草再新》：“利水。治腹胀，黄疸。”

1. "Dian Nan Ben Cao": "Promotes urination, clears urinary dysfunction, and relieves heart and lung heat."
2. "Ben Cao Zai Xin": "Promotes urination. Treats abdominal distension and jaundice."
3. "Lu Chuan Ben Cao": "Moistens the lungs. Treats lung dryness and cough."
4. Tao Hongjing: "Promotes urination."
5. "Yin Shan Zheng Yao": "Mainly treats edema, tonifies qi."

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季采取成熟而未老的果实，去皮用具。
Harvest mature but not old fruits in autumn, peel them, and use with appropriate tools.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：葫芦科植物葫芦。
The gourd belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生攀援草本，全株苍绿色，被软毛；卷须分枝。叶互生；叶片心状卵圆形或肾状卵圆形，长、宽约10-40cm，稍有角裂或3浅裂，先端钝尖，边缘有短齿，基部心形，有长叶柄，顶端具腺齿2枚。花雌雄同株，单生于叶腋；雄花柄较叶柄为长，雌花柄短；萼漏斗状，5裂，裂齿狭三角形，被柔毛；花瓣5，白色，稍圆形。雄花雄蕊3枚，花药结合，一药只1室，另二药各具2室；雌花子房椭圆形，有绒毛，花柱短，柱头3枚，各2裂。果实大型，呈扁圆球形或梨形，幼时略柔软，淡绿色，熟后外皮变硬，近于白色。种子白色，多数，呈倒卵状长椭圆形。花期7-8月。
A monocarpic climbing herbaceous plant, with the whole plant being bluish-green and covered with soft hairs; tendrils are branched. Leaves are opposite; leaf blades are heart-shaped ovate or kidney-shaped ovate, approximately 10-40cm long and wide, slightly angular or with 3 shallow lobes, bluntly pointed at the tip, with short teeth along the edges, base cordate, long petiole, and two glandular teeth at the apex. The flowers are monoecious, borne singly in the leaf axils; the male flower stalk is longer than the leaf stalk, while the female flower stalk is short; the calyx is funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, with narrowly triangular lobes covered with soft hairs; the petals are 5, white, slightly round. The male flower has 3 stamens, with fused anthers, one anther with 1 locule, and the other two anthers with 2 locules each; the female flower has an ellipsoidal ovary with hairs, a short style, and three stigmas, each with 2 lobes. The fruit is large, flatly spherical or pear-shaped, slightly soft when young, pale green, and hardens with a whitish outer skin when ripe. The seeds are white, numerous, and shaped like inverted elongated ovals. Flowering period is July-August.

分布区域 Distribution Area

全国大部分地区均有栽培。
Cultivated in most parts of the country.

生长环境 Growing Environment

喜温暖气候。不耐低温、喜光，对土壤条件要求不严格，但宜选择富含腐殖质的保肥和保水力强的壤土栽培。
Prefers a warm climate. Intolerant to low temperatures, enjoys sunlight, not very strict on soil conditions, but it is advisable to choose fertile soil rich in humus and with strong water retention for cultivation.

繁殖方式 Method of Propagation

用种子繁殖，直播法。
Propagation by seeds, direct sowing method.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

4月份播种，将经浸种、催芽的种子，在宽1.5m的畦面上，按行株距60cm×60cm开穴点播，每穴播种3-4颗，播后覆土2-3cm。田间管理：出苗后注意松土、除草，排水防渍，灌水防旱。苗期施提苗肥1次，摘心后施分蔓肥1次，果实迅速生长时施果肥1次，开始采收后再分期追肥2次，促使后续瓜生长。苗开始抽蔓时，开始插入字形支架引苗蔓上架。一般于主蔓6叶左右进行第1次摘心，当侧蔓结果后进行第2次摘心，以促使第2次侧蔓抽生和结瓜，此后，可任其自然生长或再进行第3次摘心。
Sow in April. Soak and sprout the seeds, then sow 3-4 seeds per hole on a 1.5m wide bed at a spacing of 60cm × 60cm, covering with 2-3cm of soil. Field management: after emergence, pay attention to loosening soil, weeding, draining excess water, and irrigating during drought. Apply seedling fertilizer once, vine fertilizer after pinching, and fruit fertilizer during rapid fruit growth. After harvest, apply additional fertilizer twice to promote subsequent fruit development. Install A-frame trellises when vines begin to grow. Perform the first pinching when the main vine has about 6 leaves, and the second pinching after lateral vines bear fruit to promote secondary vine growth and fruiting. After that, allow natural growth or perform a third pinching.