蔊菜，中药名。为十字花科蔊菜属植物蔊菜Rorippa indica（L）Hiern[Sisynbrium indicum L.]和无瓣蔊菜R.dubia（Pers.）Hara[R.montana（wall）Small.]的全草。具有祛痰止咳，解表散寒，解毒利湿的功效。主治咳嗽痰喘，感冒发热，麻疹透发不畅，风湿痹痛，咽喉肿痛，疔疮痈肿，漆疮，经闭，跌打损伤，黄疸，水肿。
Han-cai, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole plant of Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern [Sisynbrium indicum L.] and Rorippa dubia (Pers.) Hara [Rorippa montana (Wall.) Small.], plants of the Cruciferae family. It has the effects of resolving phlegm and relieving cough, dispelling exterior and dispersing cold, detoxifying and diuresis. It is mainly used for cough with phlegm and asthma, fever and cold, measles with incomplete rash, rheumatic arthralgia, sore throat, carbuncle and swelling, eczema, amenorrhea, bruises, jaundice, and edema.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛痰止咳，解表散寒，解毒利湿。
Resolve phlegm and stop coughing, dispel exterior cold, detoxify and promote dampness.

主治 Indications

咳嗽痰喘，感冒发热，麻疹透发不畅，风湿痹痛，咽喉肿痛，疔疮痈肿，漆疮，经闭，跌打损伤，黄疸，水肿。
Cough with phlegm and wheezing, fever with common cold, measles with poor eruption, rheumatic pain, sore throat, carbuncle and furuncle swelling, eczema, amenorrhea, bruises, jaundice, edema.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，10-30g，鲜品加倍；或捣绞汁服。外用：捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 10-30g, double the amount for fresh herbs; or pound and juice for consumption. External use: Pound and apply as a poultice.

注意事项 Precautions

过量服用可出现轻微的口干、胃部不适等现象，但不影响继续治疗。
Excessive intake may cause mild symptoms such as dry mouth and stomach discomfort, but it does not affect the continuation of treatment.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

全草均含蔊菜素。
The whole plant contains rorippin (indole glucosinolates).

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《本草拾遗》：“主冷气，腹内久寒，饮食不消，令人能食。”
2、《纲目》：“利胸膈，豁冷痰，心腹痛。”

1. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Mainly for dispelling cold, treating long-term internal coldness, poor digestion, and promoting appetite."
2. "Outline": "Beneficial for the chest and diaphragm, resolving cold phlegm, and alleviating abdominal pain."
3. "Classification of Medicinal Herbs": "Used to treat cuts, axe wounds, ulcers, promote tissue regeneration, and for topical application."
4. "Guizhou Folk Medicinal Herbs": "Clears heat, detoxifies, stops cough, transforms phlegm. Used externally for treating carbuncles, furuncles, and abscesses."
5. "Fujian Materia Medica": "Disperses wind, clears the surface, reduces swelling, and detoxifies. Mainly used for treating measles, colds, diphtheria, pharyngitis, rheumatic heart disease, boils, carbuncles, abscesses, and snake bites."
6. "Chinese Herbal Medicine in Southern China": "Promotes blood circulation and regulates menstruation. Mainly used for treating women with dry blood consumption and menstrual blockages."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治疗慢性气管炎：用从蔊菜中提取的有效成分蔊菜素内服，每日200～300毫克，10天治疗100例，20天治疗98例。前者有效率为80％，临床控制率为4％，显效率为21％；后者有效率为90％，临床控制率为8％，显效率为41％。实践表明本品祛痰作用明显，其次是止咳、平喘，较蔊菜水煎剂（3两/日）疗效为高，副作用也明显降低。治程中可有口干、胃部不适、头晕等反应，但均轻微短暂，不影响服药。
Treatment of chronic bronchitis: orally administer 200–300 milligrams of effective ingredient extracted from Rorippa indica (rorippin) daily for 10 days in 100 cases, and for 20 days in 98 cases. The former has an effective rate of 80%, a clinical control rate of 4%, and a significant effect rate of 21%; the latter has an effective rate of 90%, a clinical control rate of 8%, and a significant effect rate of 41%. Practice has shown that this product has a significant expectorant effect, followed by antitussive and anti-asthmatic effects. Its efficacy is higher than that of Rorippa indica decoction (3 liang/day), and side effects are significantly reduced. During treatment, there may be reactions such as dry mouth, stomach discomfort, and dizziness, but they are all mild and transient, and do not affect medication.

相关配伍 Related Compatibility

1、治老年慢性气管炎：江剪刀草、佛耳草、生麻黄，按10：20：3的比例，制成糖浆（每1ml相当于生药0.15g），每次服50ml，每日2次。（《医药工业》，1971，（6）：12）
2、治感冒发热：蔊菜15g，桑叶9g，菊花15g，水煎服。（《青岛中草药手册》）

1. Treatment for chronic bronchitis in the elderly: Prepare a syrup using Jiangjiandao grass, Fo'er grass, and raw ephedra in a ratio of 10:20:3. Each ml of syrup is equivalent to 0.15g of crude herb. Take 50ml each time, twice daily. (Source: "Pharmaceutical Industry," 1971, (6):12)
2. Treatment for cold and fever: Use 15g of Rorippa indica, 9g of mulberry leaf, and 15g of chrysanthemum flower, decoct in water and take orally. (Source: "Qingdao Chinese Herbal Manual")
3. Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: Take 30g of Maixiji (Rorippa indica), stew with pig's feet and consume. (Source: "Guangxi National Medicine Compilation")
4. Treatment for sinusitis: Take appropriate amount of fresh Rorippa indica, mix with a small amount of realgar, mash, and insert into nasal cavity. (Source: "Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine")
5. Treatment for carbuncle on the finger tip: Mash fresh Rorippa indica, mix with duck egg white, and apply externally. (Source: "Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：5-7月采收，晒干。
Harvest from May to July and dry in the sun.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：十字花科蔊菜属植物蔊菜和无瓣蔊菜。
The plant species are Rorippa indica and Rorippa dubia, belonging to the Brassicaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

1、蔊菜：一年或二年生草本。植株较粗壮，高20-50cm，无毛或具疏毛。茎单一或分枝，直立或斜升。叶形多变化，基生叶和茎下部叶具长柄；叶片通常大头羽状分裂，长4-10cm，宽1.5-2cm，顶裂片大，边缘具不规则牙齿，侧裂片1-3对，上部叶片宽披针形或匙形，具短柄或耳状抱茎，边缘具疏齿。总状花序顶生或侧生，开花时花序轴逐渐向上延伸，花小，多数；萼片4，直立，浅黄色而微带黄绿色，光滑无毛，宽披针形或卵状长圆形，长2-4mm，先端内凹；花瓣4，鲜黄色，宽匙形或长倒卵形，长2.5-4mm，全缘，基部具有短而细的爪；雄蕊6，4长2短；雌蕊1，子房圆柱形，花柱短粗，柱头略膨大，顶部扁平。长角果线状圆柱形，较短而粗壮，长1-2cm，直立或稍弯曲，成熟时果瓣隆起。种子每室2行，多数，淡褐色，宽椭圆形，近三角形或不规则多角形，长0.5-0.7mm，表面有凹陷的大网纹。花期4-5月，花后果实渐次成熟。
2、无瓣蔊菜：本种形态与蔊菜相似，其特点是：植株光滑无毛，较柔弱。茎直立或呈铺散状分枝。花无瓣或偶有退化的花瓣；萼片4，淡黄绿色，披针形，先端微带紫色并内凹，长2.5-3mm。长角果细圆柱形，细长而直，长1.5-3cm；果瓣近扁平，光滑或稀有柔毛。种子每室1行。表面有小疣点及细网纹。花期4-9月，果期5-10月。

1. Rorippa indica: Biennial or annual herb, robust, 20–50 cm tall, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Stem single or branched, erect or ascending. Leaves variable in shape; basal and lower stem leaves have long petioles; blades usually pinnately lobed with large terminal lobe, 4–10 cm long, 1.5–2 cm wide, margins irregularly toothed, lateral lobes 1–3 pairs; upper leaves broadly lanceolate or spatulate, with short petioles or auriculate-clasping, sparsely toothed. Racemes terminal or axillary, elongating during flowering, bearing many small flowers. Sepals 4, erect, pale yellowish-green, smooth, broadly lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 2–4 mm long, apex slightly concave. Petals 4, bright yellow, broadly spatulate or inversely ovate, 2.5–4 mm long, entire, with short claw at base. Stamens 6 (4 long, 2 short). Pistil 1, ovary cylindrical, style short and thick, stigma slightly enlarged and flat-topped. Silique linear-cylindrical, short and stout, 1–2 cm long, erect or slightly curved, valves raised when mature. Seeds in two rows per locule, numerous, light brown, broadly elliptical, nearly triangular or irregularly polygonal, 0.5–0.7 mm long, surface deeply reticulate. Flowering April–May, fruit maturing progressively after flowering.
2. Rorippa dubia: Similar in morphology to R. indica but more delicate and entirely glabrous. Stem erect or decumbent with spreading branches. Flowers apetalous or rarely with rudimentary petals. Sepals 4, pale yellow-green, lanceolate, apex slightly purple and concave, 2.5–3 mm long. Silique slender cylindrical, straight, 1.5–3 cm long; valves nearly flat, smooth or sparsely pubescent. Seeds in one row per locule. Seed surface with small warty tubercles and fine reticulation. Flowering April–September, fruiting May–October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

1、蔊菜：分布于江苏、浙江、福建、江西、山东、河南、湖南、广东、四川、云南、陕西、甘肃、台湾等地。
2、无瓣蔊菜：分布于江苏、浙江、福建、湖北、广东、广西、陕西、甘肃等地。

1. Rorippa indica: Distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Taiwan, and other regions.
2. Rorippa dubia: Distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

1、蔊菜：生于路旁、田边、园圃、沟河边、林缘、屋边墙脚下及山坡路旁潮湿处，海拔230-1450m间均有生长。
2、无瓣蔊菜：生于海拔500-3700m间的山坡路旁、山谷、河边潮湿地、园圃、田野潮湿处。

1. Rorippa indica: Grows in moist places along roadsides, fields, gardens, ditches, riversides, forest margins, walls, and slopes at altitudes of 230–1450 m.
2. Rorippa dubia: Grows in moist habitats on mountain slopes, valleys, riverbanks, gardens, and fields at altitudes of 500–3700 m.