大发表，中药材名。为豆科秔子梢属植物三棱枝秔子梢Campylotropis trigonoclada (Franch.) Schindl.，以根及全株入药。具有发汗解表，清热利湿的功效。主治感冒发热，鼻炎、肠炎，痢疾，膀胱炎，肾炎，风湿性关节炎。外用治跌打损伤。
Da-fa-biao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is a plant of the genus Campylotropis trigonoclada (Franch.) Schindl in the legume family. Its roots and the whole plant are used as (Chinese herbal medicine). It has the effects of inducing sweating, releasing the exterior, clearing heat, and promoting diuresis. It is mainly used to treat fever, rhinitis, enteritis, dysentery, cystitis, nephritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. It can also be applied externally to treat bruises and injuries.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

发汗解表，清热利湿。
Inducing sweating to release the exterior and clearing heat to promote diuresis.

主治 Indications

感冒发热，鼻炎、肠炎，痢疾，膀胱炎，肾炎，风湿性关节炎。外用治跌打损伤。
Cold with fever, rhinitis, enteritis, dysentery, cystitis, nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis. For external use: bruises and injuries.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：15-30g。外用：适量，鲜根或全株捣烂敷患处。
Internal use: 15-30g. External use: apply an appropriate amount of fresh root or whole plant mashed to the affected area.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏秋采，晒干或鲜用。
Harvesting and processing: collect in summer and autumn, dry in the sun or use fresh.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：豆科秔子梢属植物三棱枝秔子梢。
The plant belongs to the Leguminosae family, genus Campylotropis, species Trigonous branch Sophora (Campylotropis trigonoclada).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

小灌木，高60-120cm。小枝三棱形，无毛。托叶宿存，膜质，无毛，斜披针形；三出复叶，互生；叶柄有翅，长1.5-4.5cm，宽1-3cm；小叶坚纸质，长椭圆形至卵状椭圆形或长圆状披针形，先端圆形或微缺有细尖，基部近圆形，下面被白色长硬毛，侧面小叶长3-8.5cm，宽0.8-2.5cm，顶端小叶稍大。圆锥花序顶生或腋生，总花梗细长，有棱，长10-17cm，被短柔毛；花梗细长；苞片宿存，线状披针形；花萼宽钟形，被黄色长硬毛，萼齿5，披针形，急尖，下1个较长；花冠蝶形，黄色，长8-10mm。荚果斜椭圆形，长约7mm，被毛。花期8-9月，果期10-11月。
Small shrub, 60–120 cm tall. Branchlets are triangular in cross-section and glabrous. Stipules persistent, membranous, glabrous, obliquely lanceolate; trifoliate leaves alternate; petiole winged, 1.5–4.5 cm long, 1–3 cm wide; leaflets coriaceous, elliptic to ovate-elliptic or lanceolate, apex rounded or slightly notched with a fine tip, base nearly round, abaxially covered with white stiff hairs; lateral leaflets 3–8.5 cm long, 0.8–2.5 cm wide, terminal leaflet slightly larger. Inflorescence terminal or axillary panicle; peduncle slender, angled, 10–17 cm long, pubescent with short soft hairs; flower stalks slender; bracts persistent, linear-lanceolate; calyx broadly campanulate, yellowish long stiff hairs present, 5 teeth, lanceolate, acute, lower one longer; corolla papilionaceous, yellow, 8–10 mm long. Pod obliquely elliptic, about 7 mm long, hairy. Flowering from August to September, fruiting from October to November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于四川、贵州、云南等地。
Distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔300-2000m的山坡林下或草丛中。
Grows under forest on mountain slopes or in grasslands at altitudes of 300–2000 meters.