野豌豆，中药名。为豆科野豌豆属植物救荒野豌豆Vicia sativa L.的全草。具有补肾调经，祛痰止咳的功效。主治肾虚腰痛，遗精，月经不调，咳嗽痰多；外用治疔疮。
Wild Vetch, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Ye-wan-dou). It is the whole herb of Vicia sativa L., a plant of the genus Vicia in the legume family. It has the effects of nourishing the kidneys, regulating menstruation, and relieving cough and phlegm. It is mainly used to treat kidney deficiency, lumbago, spermatorrhea, irregular menstruation, cough with excessive phlegm; it can also be applied topically to treat furuncles.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

补肾调经，祛痰止咳。
Tonify the kidney and regulate menstruation, resolve phlegm and stop coughing.

主治 Indications

肾虚腰痛，遗精，月经不调，咳嗽痰多；外用治疔疮。
Kidney deficiency with lower back pain, spermatorrhea, irregular menstruation, and cough with excessive phlegm; externally used for treating furuncles.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：15-30g。外用：适量，鲜草捣烂敷或煎水洗患处。
Internal use: 15-30g. External use: appropriate amount, crush fresh herbs and apply as a poultice, or decoct in water for washing affected areas.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏季采，晒干或鲜用。
Harvest and process: collected in summer, sun-dried or used fresh.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：豆科野豌豆属植物救荒野豌豆。
The wild pea (Vicia sativa), a plant of the genus Vicia in the legume family, is a species used for forage and soil improvement.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生或二年生草本，高15-90（-105）cm。茎斜升或攀援，单一或多分枝，具棱，被微柔毛。偶数羽状复叶长2-10cm，叶轴顶端卷须有2-3分支；托叶戟形，通常2-4裂齿，长0.3-0.4cm，宽0.15-0.35cm；小叶2-7对，长椭圆形或近心形，长0.9-2.5cm，宽0.3-1cm，先端圆或平截有凹，具短尖头，基部楔形，侧脉不甚明显，两面被贴伏黄柔毛。
It is an annual or biennial herb, 15-90 (-105) cm tall. The stem is ascending or climbing, single or branched, with edges and covered with soft hairs. The even-pinnate compound leaves are 2-10 cm long, with 2-3 branches at the tip of the leaf axis; the stipules are lanceolate, usually 2-4 lobed, 0.3-0.4 cm long, 0.15-0.35 cm wide; there are 2-7 pairs of leaflets, which are oblong or nearly cordate, 0.9-2.5 cm long, 0.3-1 cm wide, with a rounded or slightly notched apex, short pointed tip, and wedge-shaped base, with inconspicuous lateral veins, and both sides covered with appressed yellowish soft hairs.

花1-2（-4）腋生，近无梗；萼钟形，外面被柔毛，萼齿披针形或锥形；花冠紫红色或红色，旗瓣长倒卵圆形，先端圆，微凹，中部缢缩，翼瓣短于旗瓣，长于龙骨瓣；子房线形，微被柔毛，胚珠4-8，子房具柄短，花柱上部被淡黄白色髯毛。
The flowers, 1-2 (-4) in the axils, are nearly sessile; the calyx is bell-shaped, covered with soft hairs on the outside, and the calyx teeth are lanceolate or conical; the corolla is purple-red or red, with the standard petal being long-ovate, with a rounded, slightly notched apex, constricted in the middle, the wing petals shorter than the standard petal and longer than the keel petal; the ovary is linear, sparsely hairy, with 4-8 ovules, and a short-stalked ovary, the upper part of the style covered with pale yellowish-white hairs.

荚果线长圆形，长约4-6cm，宽0.5-0.8cm，表皮土黄色种间缢缩，有毛，成熟时背腹开裂，果瓣扭曲。种子4-8，圆球形，棕色或黑褐色，种脐长相当于种子圆周1/5。花期4-7月，果期7-9月。2n=10，12，14。
The pod is linear-oblong, about 4-6 cm long, 0.5-0.8 cm wide, with yellowish-brown intersegmental constrictions, hairy, and when mature, it splits on the dorsal and ventral sides, with twisted valves. There are 4-8 seeds, spherical, brown or black-brown, with the hilum length approximately one-fifth of the seed circumference. The flowering period is from April to July, and the fruiting period is from July to September. 2n=10, 12, 14.

分布区域 Distribution Area

中国各地均产。原产欧洲南部、亚洲西部，现已广为栽培。
It is produced all over China. Originally from southern Europe and western Asia, it is now widely cultivated.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔50-3000m荒山、田边草丛及林中。
Born in barren mountains, fields, grasslands, and forests at an altitude of 50-3000 meters.