水杨柳，中药名。为大戟科植物水柳仔 Homonoia riparia Lour.的皮、叶、根。具有清热，利胆，利尿，解毒的功效。主治急慢性肝炎囊炎，胆结石，膀胱结石，淋病，梅毒，痔疮，跌打损伤，烫伤。
Shui-yang-liu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the bark, leaves, and roots of the plant Homonoia riparia Lour. of the Euphorbiaceae family. It has the effects of clearing heat, promoting bile secretion, diuresis, and detoxification. It is mainly used for acute and chronic hepatitis, cholecystitis, gallstones, bladder stones, gonorrhea, syphilis, hemorrhoids, bruises, and burns.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热，利胆，利尿，解毒。
Clearing heat, promoting bile secretion, diuresis, and detoxification.

主治 Indications

急慢性肝炎，胆囊炎，胆结石，膀胱结石，淋病，梅毒，痔疮，跌打损伤，烫伤。
Acute and chronic hepatitis, cholecystitis, gallstones, bladder stones, gonorrhea, syphilis, hemorrhoids, bruises, and scalds.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《全国中草药汇编》：“苦，寒。”
"Encyclopedia of Chinese Herbal Medicines": "Bitter, cold."

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年均可采挖，洗净泥土，切片，晒干。
It can be harvested all year round, washed to remove soil, sliced, and dried in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：叶含没食子酸、蒲公英赛酮及槲皮素3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖【1→6】-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙。
Medicinal properties: The leaves contain gallic acid, taraxasterol, and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-α-L-rhamnoside.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：大戟科植物水柳仔（Euphorbia helioscopia）。
Plant species: Euphorbia helioscopia, a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

常绿小灌木，高1-3米。幼枝具棱，被短柔毛。单叶互生，线状长圆形或狭披针形，长8-20cm，宽12-25mm，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形，全缘，上面无毛或被疏柔毛，下面在叶脉上略被毛，以中脉较密，叶脉间密被鳞枇；叶柄长5-11mm，被短柔毛。花小，雌雄异株，无花瓣，穗状花序腋生，长5-10cm。雄花萼片3，长圆形或倒卵形，雄蕊极多数，花丝分枝；雌花萼片5，卵状披针形，外被短柔毛；子房近球形，密被紧贴的灰色柔毛，3室，每室1胚珠；花柱3，不分裂，内面具绒毛状突起。蒴果扁桃形，密被褐色柔毛。种子近卵形。花期1-5月。
Evergreen shrub, 1-3 meters tall. Young branches are angular and covered with short soft hairs. Leaves are alternate, linear-oblong or narrowly lanceolate, 8-20cm long, 12-25mm wide, gradually tapering at the apex, with a broad wedge-shaped base, entire margin, glabrous or sparsely hairy on the upper surface, slightly hairy along veins on the lower surface (denser on midvein), with dense scales between veins; petioles 5-11mm long, pubescent. Flowers small, dioecious, without petals, arranged in axillary spike-like racemes, 5-10cm long. Male flowers with 3 oblong or obovate sepals, numerous stamens with branched filaments; female flowers with 5 ovate-lanceolate sepals, externally pubescent; ovary nearly spherical, densely covered with appressed grayish hairs, 3-celled, each cell with one ovule; style 3, undivided, inner surface with velvety projections. Capsule fruit almond-shaped and flattened, densely covered with brownish hairs. Seeds nearly ovate. Flowering period from January to May.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于台湾、广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州、云南等地。
Distributed in Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于河旁沙地、溪边的石缝中或山坡灌丛中。
Found in sandy soil by rivers, in rock crevices beside streams, or in shrublands on hillsides.