茶叶，中药名。为山茶科茶属植物茶Camellia sinensis（L.）O.Kuntze[Thea sinensis L.]的嫩叶或嫩芽。具有清头目，除烦渴，消食，化痰，利尿，解毒的功效。主治头痛，目昏，目赤，多睡善寐，感冒，心烦口渴，食积，口臭，痰喘，癫痫，小便不利，泻痢，喉肿，疮疡疖肿，水火烫伤。
Tea (C, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. -ye) refers to the tender leaves or buds of the plant Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze [Thea sinensis L.], a member of the Theaceae family. It is known for its effects of clearing the head, relieving thirst, aiding digestion, resolving phlegm, promoting urination, and detoxification. It is used to treat headaches, dizziness, red eyes, insomnia, colds, restlessness, thirst, indigestion, bad breath, phlegm, asthma, epilepsy, urinary difficulties, diarrhea, throat swelling, abscesses, boils, and burns.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy, function.

清头目，除烦渴，消食，化痰，利尿，解毒。主治
Clearing the head, relieving thirst, promoting digestion, resolving phlegm, diuresis, and detoxification. Mainly used for treating...

头痛，目昏，目赤，多睡善寐，感冒，心烦口渴，食积，口臭，痰喘，癫痫，小便不利，泻痢，喉肿，疮疡疖肿，水火烫伤。用法用量
Headache, dizziness, red eyes, excessive sleepiness, common cold, restlessness, thirst, food stagnation, bad breath, phlegm and wheezing, epilepsy, difficult urination, diarrhea, throat swelling, abscesses, burns. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，3-10g；或入丸、散，沸水泡。外用：研末调敷，或鲜品捣敷。禁忌
Internal use: Decoction, 3-10g; or made into pills or powder, steeped in boiling water. External use: Ground into powder for application, or fresh product mashed for application. Contraindications.

1、失眠及习惯性便秘者禁服。2、服人参、土茯苓及含铁药物者禁服。注意事项

1. Prohibited for individuals with insomnia and habitual constipation.2. Prohibited for individuals taking ginseng, poria cocos, and iron-containing medications. Please pay attention to the precautions.

1、脾胃虚寒者慎服。2、服使君子饮茶易致呃。3、过量易致呕吐、失眠等。化学成分

1. Caution should be taken by those with spleen and stomach deficiency and coldness when taking it.2. Drinking tea with Fructus Chebulae (Shi Jun Zi) may easily cause hiccups.3. Excessive consumption may lead to vomiting, insomnia, and other symptoms. Chemical composition.

茶叶主要含黄酮类成分茶多酚，以黃烷醇类化合物为主；嘌呤类生物碱以咖啡碱为主，含量1-5%；还含有多种三萜皂苷，精油等。药理作用
Tea mainly contains flavonoids, with catechins as the main component; purine alkaloids are mainly represented by caffeine, with a content of 1-5%; it also contains various triterpenoid saponins, essential oils, etc. Pharmacological effects.

1、中枢兴奋作用：茶叶中所含茶碱和咖啡碱对中枢神经系统有强大兴奋作用。小剂量咖啡碱（85-250mg）兴奋大脑皮质，剂量增大时能产生紧张，焦虑烦躁，失眠，震颤，感觉高度敏感等中枢兴奋症状。再大剂量时引起惊厥。2、对心血管系统的作用：茶叶水浸剂对蛙和蟾蜍离体心脏可使心室收缩力增强，心率加快，作用强度绿茶>青茶>红茶。茶鞣质具有高度维生素P样活性，能增强毛细血管抵抗力，降低其通透性，防止其破坏。3、降血压作用：绿茶的热水提取物有明显降压作用。4、对平滑肌和骨骼肌的作用：茶碱或茶黄素能对抗前列腺素F2。（PGF2）所致麻醉豚鼠的支气管收缩，红茶多酚和茶黄素等，在豚鼠回肠标本有对抗缓激肽和前列腺素的作用，10%茶热水提取物或茶鞣质能降低大鼠和兔离体肠张力和收缩，对毛果芸香碱和氯化钡所致痉挛性收缩有解痉作用。5、利尿作用：茶叶的利尿作用是咖啡碱和茶碱共同作用的结果，咖啡碱特别是茶碱能抑制肾小管再吸收而有利尿作用。茶碱通过强心增加肾血流量和肾小球滤过率，增加水和电解质排泄，钾排泄增加不明显。茶碱可增加强效利尿药的作用，与碳酸酐酶抑制剂合用，则利尿作用加强。6、降血脂和抗动脉硬化作用：茶叶确有明显降血脂作用。以饮茶代替饮水，对高胆固醇喂养大鼠，能使血浆胆固醇、三酰甘油及器官组织中脂肪含量均显著低于对照组。7、降血糖作用：茶色素可抑制由链脲霉素诱致的大鼠糖尿病，降低血糖。这可能与茶色素具有保护β-细胞免受链脲霉素毒性的作用有关。8、抑制血小板聚集和抗血栓作用：各种茶的热水提取物对胶原和ADP诱导的血小板聚集均有抑制作用，由茶叶中提取的茚三酮阳性化合物剂量依赖性抑制兔血凝血酶诱导的TXB2形成，作用强度为咖啡碱的40倍。9、抑制亚硝基化合物合成：茶叶多酚和儿茶素均为茶叶中N-亚硝化的抑制剂，能抑制脯氨酸的N-亚硝化。绿茶和红茶对人体内源性N-亚硝化也有抑制作用，饭后饮用比饭前饮用更有效。10、抗诱变作用：绿茶、乌龙茶和红茶等均有一定的抗诱变作用，其中绿茶及其有效成分效果较好。11、抗癌作用：茶叶及其提取物在体外和体内对多种肿瘤均有显著抗癌作用。12、茶叶对红系细胞造血功能的影响：1%，3%和5%白茶（白牡丹，特级）能显著提升血清促红细胞生成素水平，且作用强度与茶浓度与给茶时间长短有关。13、其他作用：升高白细胞，延缓衰老，杀精子，干扰胃肠道内铁的吸收。相关论述

1. Central nervous system stimulation: The theophylline and caffeine contained in tea have a strong stimulating effect on the central nervous system. Low doses of caffeine (85-250mg) stimulate the cerebral cortex, and as the dose increases, it can lead to symptoms of central nervous system stimulation such as tension, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, tremors, and heightened sensitivity. At higher doses, it can cause convulsions. 2. Effects on the cardiovascular system: Tea infusion can enhance the contractile force of the ventricle and increase heart rate in isolated frog and toad hearts, with the strength of the effect being green tea > oolong tea > black tea. Tannins in tea have high vitamin P-like activity, which can enhance capillary resistance, reduce permeability, and prevent damage. 3. Hypotensive effect: Hot water extracts of green tea have a significant hypotensive effect. 4. Effects on smooth muscle and skeletal muscle: Theophylline or catechins in tea can counteract bronchoconstriction induced by prostaglandin F2 (PGF2). Red tea polyphenols and catechins have antagonistic effects against bradykinin and prostaglandins in guinea pig ileum samples. Tea hot water extracts or tannins can reduce intestinal tension and contractions in rats and rabbits, and have antispasmodic effects against spastic contractions induced by acetylcholine and barium chloride. 5. Diuretic effect: The diuretic effect of tea is the result of the combined action of caffeine and theophylline, especially theophylline, which can inhibit renal tubular reabsorption and have a diuretic effect. Theophylline increases renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, increases water and electrolyte excretion, and has a slight increase in potassium excretion. Theophylline can enhance the effects of potent diuretics, and when used with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, the diuretic effect is strengthened. 6. Hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects: Tea indeed has a significant hypolipidemic effect. Substituting tea for water in high-cholesterol-fed rats can significantly reduce plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and organ fat content compared to the control group. 7. Hypoglycemic effect: Tea pigments can inhibit streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats and lower blood sugar levels. This may be related to the protective effect of tea pigments on β-cells against streptozotocin toxicity. 8. Platelet aggregation inhibition and anti-thrombotic effects: Hot water extracts of various teas have inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation induced by collagen and ADP. Positive compounds extracted from tea, such as theaflavins, dose-dependently inhibit the formation of TXB2 induced by rabbit thrombin, with an intensity 40 times that of caffeine. 9. Inhibition of nitrosamine synthesis: Tea polyphenols and catechins are inhibitors of N-nitrosation in tea, which can inhibit the N-nitrosation of proline. Green tea and black tea also have inhibitory effects on endogenous N-nitrosation in the body, with postprandial consumption being more effective than preprandial consumption. 10. Anti-mutagenic effect: Green tea, oolong tea, and black tea all have certain anti-mutagenic effects, with green tea and its active ingredients showing better effects. 11. Anti-cancer effect: Tea and its extracts have significant anti-cancer effects on various tumors in vitro and in vivo. 12. Effects of tea on erythropoiesis: 1%, 3%, and 5% white tea (Bai Mudan, premium grade) can significantly increase serum erythropoietin levels, with the intensity of the effect depending on tea concentration and duration of tea consumption. 13. Other effects: Increase in white blood cells, delay in aging, spermicidal effect, interference with iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

1、《神农食经》：“令人有力，悦志。”“主瘘疮，利小便，少睡，去痰渴，消宿食。”（引自《太平御览》）2、华佗《食论》：“久食益意思。”（引自《太平御览》）3、《新修本草》：“主下气。”4、《食疗本草》：“利大肠，去热，解痰。”5、《本草拾遗》：“除瘴气。久食令人瘦，去人脂。”6、《本草别说》：“治伤暑。合醋治泄泻甚效。”7、张洁古：“清头目。”（引自《本草发挥》）8、《汤液本草》：“治中风昏愤。”9、《日用本草》：“除烦止渴，解腻清神。炒煎饮，治热毒赤痢。”10、《纲目》：“浓煎，吐风热痰逛。”临床应用 临床应用

1. "Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica": "Strengthens the body, uplifts the spirit." "Treats ulcers, promotes urination, reduces sleepiness, relieves phlegm and thirst, aids digestion." (From "Taiping Imperial Reader")2. Hua Tuo's "Dietary Therapy": "Long-term consumption benefits the mind." (From "Taiping Imperial Reader")3. "Newly Revised Materia Medica": "Regulates qi."4. "Dietary Therapy Materia Medica": "Benefits the large intestine, clears heat, resolves phlegm."5. "Materia Medica Collection": "Dispels miasma. Prolonged consumption leads to weight loss, reduces body fat."6. "Materia Medica Annotations": "Treats summer heat injuries. Combined with vinegar, it is very effective in treating diarrhea."7. Zhang Jiegu: "Clears the head and eyes." (From "Materia Medica Development")8. "Herbal Decoctions Materia Medica": "Treats wind-stroke-induced confusion and irritability."9. "Daily-Use Materia Medica": "Relieves restlessness, quenches thirst, clears the mind. Roasted and decocted for consumption, it treats heat-induced dysentery."10. "Compendium": "Strong decoction, expels wind-heat phlegm wandering." Clinical application.

药膳食疗：茶叶粥：功效：化痰消食、利尿消肿、益气提神。适用于急、慢性痢疾和肠炎。原材科：茶叶15克，粳米10克，白糖适量。做法：取茶叶先煮15分钟，取浓汁约500克。去茶叶，在茶叶浓汁中加入粳米、白糖，再加入水400克左右，同煮为粥。用法：分2次，温热服食。相关配伍
Medicated diet therapy: Tea porridge: Effects: Resolving phlegm, aiding digestion, diuretic, reducing swelling, invigorating qi, and refreshing the mind. Suitable for acute and chronic dysentery and enteritis. Ingredients: 15g tea leaves, 10g japonica rice, appropriate amount of white sugar. Method: Boil the tea leaves for 15 minutes to extract a concentrated solution of about 500g. Remove the tea leaves, add japonica rice and white sugar to the tea concentrate, then add about 400g of water and cook together to make porridge. Dosage: Divide into 2 servings, consume warm. Related compatibility.

1、治霍乱后烦躁，卧不安：干姜（炮为末）二钱匕，好茶末一钱匕。上二味，以水一盏，先煎茶末令熟，即调干姜末服之。（《圣济总录》姜茶散）2、治食积：干嫩茶叶9g，泡水服。（《福建中草药》）3、治咳嗽，喉中如锯，不能睡卧：好茶末一两，白僵蚕一两。上为细末，放碗内，用盏盖定，倾沸汤一小盏。临卧，再添汤点服。（《重订瑞竹堂方》僵蚕汤）4、治羊痫风：经霜老茶叶一两，生明矾五钱。上二味为细末，水泛为丸，朱砂作衣。每服三钱，白滚汤下。（《纲目拾遗》引《周益生家宝方》）5、治风痰癫疾：茶芽、栀子各一两。煎浓汁一碗服。良久探吐。（《摘玄方》）6、治痰火发狂：鲜嫩茶叶120-240g。水煎服。（《福建中草药》）7、治虚冷下痢白脓：腊茶一钱，入热醋少许，调服。乳食前，大小以意加减。（《小儿卫生总微论方》）8、治痢疾发热发渴：细茶、乌梅（水洗，剥去核，晒干）各一两。共为末，生蜜捣作丸，弹子大。每一丸，冷水送下。（《医鉴》仙梅丸）9、治腰痛难转：煎茶五合，投醋二合。顿服。（《食疗本草》）10、治肿毒：鲜茶叶捣烂敷患处。（《湖南药物志》）11、治阴疮痒痛出黄水，久不瘥者：腊茶、五倍子各等分，腻粉少许。同为细末，先以浆水、葱椒汤洗之，频敷。12、治软疖：建茶一盏。捣罗为细末，油调敷之。（11、12方出自《百一选方》）13、治脚趾缝烂疮，及因暑手抓两脚烂疮：细茶研末调烂敷之。（《摄生众妙方》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. To treat restlessness and inability to lie down after recovering from cholera: Take 2 qian of dried ginger (ground into powder) and 1 qian of good quality tea powder. Mix the two ingredients together with a cup of water, first brew the tea powder until cooked, then mix in the dried ginger powder and consume. (From "Sheng Ji Zong Lu" - Ginger Tea Powder)2. To treat food stagnation: Take 9g of dried tender tea leaves, soak in water and consume. (From "Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine")3. To treat cough, feeling of sawing in the throat, and inability to sleep lying down: Take one liang of good quality tea powder and one liang of white silkworm. Grind the two ingredients into fine powder, place in a bowl, cover with a small cup, pour in a small cup of boiling water. Before lying down, add more hot water and consume. (From "Revised Rui Zhu Tang Fang" - Silkworm Soup)4. To treat epilepsy in sheep: Take one liang of aged frost-bitten tea leaves and five qian of raw alum. Grind the two ingredients into fine powder, form into pills with water, and coat with cinnabar. Take three qian per dose, swallow with boiled water. (From "Gangmu Shi Yi" citing "Zhou Yisheng Family Treasure Formula")5. To treat wind-phlegm epilepsy: Take one liang each of tea buds and gardenia fruits. Boil into a thick decoction and consume a bowl. After a while, induce vomiting. (From "Zhai Xuan Fang")6. To treat phlegm-heat mania: Take 120-240g of fresh tender tea leaves, decoct in water and consume. (From "Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine")7. To treat cold deficiency, white purulent diarrhea: Take one qian of wax tea, mix with a little hot vinegar, and consume. Adjust the dosage according to age before breastfeeding. (From "General Discussion on Pediatric Health")8. To treat dysentery with fever and thirst: Take one liang each of fine tea and black plum (washed with water, peeled, and dried in the sun). Grind into powder, mix with raw honey and form into pills the size of a bullet. Take one pill and swallow with cold water. (From "Yijian" - Xianmei Pill)9. To treat difficult lumbar pain: Boil five he of tea with two he of vinegar. Consume in one go. (From "Dietary Therapy Materia Medica")10. To treat swelling and toxins: Crush fresh tea leaves and apply to the affected area. (From "Hunan Materia Medica")11. To treat itchy and painful genital sores with yellow discharge that do not heal for a long time: Take equal parts of wax tea and gallnuts, and a small amount of lard powder. Grind into fine powder, wash with starch water and scallion-pepper soup, and apply frequently.12. To treat soft abscesses: Take a cup of jian tea, grind into fine powder, mix with oil and apply. (Recipes 11 and 12 are from "Bai Yi Xuan Fang")13. To treat cracked sores between the toes, and sores on both feet due to scratching from hot weather: Grind fine tea powder and apply to the affected area. (From "Various Wonderful Health-Preserving Recipes")

培育3年即可采叶。4-6月采春茶及夏茶。各种茶类对鲜叶原料采收标准要求不同，一般红、绿茶采摘标准是1芽1-2叶；粗老茶可为1芽4-5叶。加工方法因茶叶种类的不同而有差异，可分全发酵、半发酵、不发酵三大类。鲜叶采摘后，经杀青、揉捻、干燥制成绿茶。绿茶加工后用香花熏制成花茶。鲜叶经凋萎、揉捻、发酵、干燥成红茶。还可以加工成茶砖。药材鉴别 药材性状
It takes 3 years to cultivate before the leaves can be harvested. Spring tea and summer tea are harvested from April to June. Different types of tea have different standards for harvesting fresh leaves. Generally, the picking standard for black and green tea is 1 bud and 1-2 leaves; for coarse old tea, it can be 1 bud and 4-5 leaves. The processing methods vary depending on the type of tea, and can be divided into three categories: fully fermented, semi-fermented, and non-fermented. After the fresh leaves are harvested, they are processed into green tea through withering, rolling, and drying. Green tea can be further processed into scented tea by using fragrant flowers. Fresh leaves are withered, rolled, fermented, and dried to produce black tea. They can also be processed into tea bricks. The identification and characterization of medicinal herbs.

叶常卷缩成条状或成薄片状或皱褶。完整叶片展平后，叶片披针形至长椭圆形，长1.5-4cm，宽0.5-1.5cm，先端急尖或钝尖，叶基楔形下延，边缘具锯齿，齿端呈棕红色爪状，有时脱落；上下表面均有柔毛；羽状网脉，侧脉4-10对，主脉在下表面较凸出，纸质较厚，叶柄短，被白色柔毛；老叶革质，较大，近光滑；气微弱而清香，味苦涩。植物学信息 植物种属
The leaves are often rolled or curled into strips or thin slices, or wrinkled. When the complete leaf is flattened, it is lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 1.5-4cm long and 0.5-1.5cm wide, with an acute or obtuse apex, a wedge-shaped and downward extension at the leaf base, serrated margins with reddish-brown claw-like tips that sometimes fall off; both upper and lower surfaces are covered with soft hairs; pinnate veins, 4-10 pairs of lateral veins, the main vein more prominent on the lower surface, thick and papery texture, short petioles covered with white soft hairs; mature leaves are leathery, relatively large, and nearly smooth; they have a faint and fragrant odor, with a bitter and astringent taste. Botanical information about the plant species.

山茶科茶属植物茶。形态特征
Camellia is a plant in the Theaceae family. It has distinctive morphological characteristics.

常绿灌木，高1-3m；嫩枝、嫩叶具细柔毛。单叶互生；叶柄长3-7mm；叶片薄革质，椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形，长5-12cm，宽1.8-4.5cm，先端短尖或钝尖，基部楔形，边缘有锯齿，下面无毛或微有毛，侧脉约8对，明显。花两性，白色，芳香，通常单生或2朵生于叶腋；花梗长6-10mm，向下弯曲；萼片5-6，圆形，被微毛，边缘膜质，具睫毛，宿存；花瓣5-8，宽倒卵形；雄蕊多数，外轮花丝合生成短管；子房上位，被绒毛，3室，花柱1，顶端3裂。蒴果近球形或扁三角形，果皮革质，较薄。种子通常1颗或2-3颗，近球形或微有棱角。花期10-11月，果期次年10-11月。分布区域
Evergreen shrub, 1-3m tall; young branches and leaves are covered with fine soft hairs. Leaves are alternate; petioles are 3-7mm long; leaf blades are thin and leathery, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5-12cm long, 1.8-4.5cm wide, with short or obtuse tips, cuneate bases, serrated margins, undersides are hairless or slightly hairy, with about 8 pairs of distinct lateral veins. Flowers are bisexual, white, fragrant, usually solitary or in pairs in leaf axils; flower stalks are 6-10mm long, curved downwards; sepals 5-6, round, slightly hairy, membranous margins, with cilia, persistent; petals 5-8, broadly ovate; numerous stamens, outer stamens fused into a short tube; ovary superior, hairy, 3-loculed, with 1 style, apex 3-lobed. Capsules are nearly spherical or flattened triangular, with thin leathery pericarp. Seeds usually 1 or 2-3, nearly spherical or slightly angular. Flowering period is October to November, fruiting period is the following year from October to November. Distribution area.

原产我国南部，现长江流域及其以南各地广为栽培。生长环境
Originally from the southern part of China, it is now widely cultivated in the Yangtze River basin and areas to the south. It grows in the following environment:

多为栽培。生长见习
Mostly cultivated. Growth apprenticeship.

喜温暖湿润气候，耐防、怕旱、怕寒、怕涝、怕盐碱。适宜栽培地区年平均气温为15-25℃之间，有效积温（10℃以上）在3500℃以上；年降雨量在1000-2000mm。茶树能耐-6--8℃，短时间气温达-30℃尚能过冬，在35℃左右生长受到抑制。绝对最高温度为45℃。茶树虽能耐阴，但优质产品须在全光照下培育。以高山、丘陵、平地的黄壤、红黄壤、红壤pH4.5-5为适宜栽培；不宜在近中性或碱性土壤栽种。繁殖方式
Tea plants prefer a warm and humid climate, and are resistant to pests but sensitive to drought, cold, waterlogging, and saline-alkaline conditions. They thrive in regions with an average annual temperature between 15-25°C and an accumulated temperature above 10°C of over 3500°C. The annual rainfall should be between 1000-2000mm. Tea plants can withstand temperatures as low as -6 to -8°C, and can survive short periods of temperatures as low as -30°C in winter, but growth is inhibited at around 35°C. The absolute maximum temperature they can tolerate is 45°C. Although tea plants can tolerate shade, high-quality products require cultivation under full sunlight. They are best cultivated in yellow soil, red-yellow soil, or red soil with a pH of 4.5-5 in mountainous areas, hills, or plains, and should not be planted in neutral or alkaline soils.

用种子、扦插、压条繁殖。栽培技术
Propagate through seeds, cuttings, and layering. Cultivation techniques.

1、种子繁殖：品种繁多，选优良树种，10月待果实呈绿褐色，微现裂缝，种壳硬脆，剥开种壳时，见子叶饱满，呈乳白色时即可采集，放干燥阴凉通风处，阴干，脱粒。要避免日光暴晒和雨淋。10月至翌年3月播种，尤以秋播为好。如要春播，将种子用湿沙贮藏。条播，按行距20cm开沟，株距3-4cm；穴播，按行距20cm，穴距15cm开穴，每穴播3-5粒。培育1年即可出圃。2、扦插繁殖：3-10月扦插，以复插为好，插穗长3cm，具有1芽1叶，按行距10cm开沟，株距以叶不重叠为宜，斜插于苗床，覆土轻压，浇水，遮荫。一般扦插1个月左右发根。3、压条繁殖：可用伞状、堆土、卧式压条等方法。每穴栽种2-3株，填土压实，浇水，剪去部分枝叶。病虫防治

1. Seed propagation: There are many varieties to choose from. Select superior tree species. In October, when the fruit turns greenish-brown with slight cracks and the seed shell becomes hard and brittle, it is ready for collection. When the cotyledons are full and milky white, they can be harvested. Dry them in a cool, ventilated place away from sunlight and rain. Sow from October to March of the following year, with autumn sowing being preferable. For spring sowing, store the seeds in damp sand. For row sowing, dig furrows with a spacing of 20cm and plant seedlings 3-4cm apart; for hole sowing, dig holes with a spacing of 20cm and hole spacing of 15cm, planting 3-5 seeds per hole. They can be transplanted after one year of cultivation.2. Cutting propagation: Cuttings can be done from March to October, with tip cuttings being preferable. Cuttings should be 3cm long with 1 bud and 1 leaf. Dig furrows with a spacing of 10cm, and plant the cuttings at a distance where the leaves do not overlap. Insert the cuttings diagonally into the seedbed, lightly press the soil, water them, and provide shade. Generally, roots will develop in about a month.3. Layering propagation: Methods such as umbrella-shaped, soil mounding, and horizontal layering can be used. Plant 2-3 seedlings per hole, compact the soil, water them, and trim some branches and leaves. Disease and pest control should be implemented.

1、病害有茶云纹叶枯病，可用代森锌65％可湿性粉剂600-800倍液喷射或用灭菌丹400倍液喷射。还有茶根结线虫病为害。2、虫害有茶尺蠖、茶毛虫、长白蚧、卷叶蛾、绿小叶蝉、茶叶螨类等为害。

1. Diseases in tea plants include tea cloud spot disease and leaf blight, which can be treated by spraying with 65% dithianon zinc wettable powder at a dilution of 600-800 times, or by spraying with 400 times dilution of carbendazim. There is also tea root-knot nematode disease.2. Pests in tea plants include tea geometrid, tea caterpillar, long-tailed mealybug, tea tortrix, green leafhopper, and various types of tea mites.