韭菜，中药名。为百合科葱属植物韭Allium tuberosum Rottl.Ex Spreng.的叶。具有补肾，温中，散瘀，解毒的功效。主治肾虚阳痿，里寒腹痛，噎膈反胃，胸痹疼痛，气喘，衄血，吐血，尿血，痢疾，痔疮，乳痈，痈疮肿毒，疥疮，漆疮，跌打损伤。
Jiu-cai, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the leaves of the Allium tuberosum Rottl.Ex Spreng., a plant of the Liliaceae family. It has the effects of nourishing the kidneys, warming the middle, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, and detoxification. It is mainly used for kidney deficiency impotence, coldness and pain in the abdomen, belching and vomiting, chest pain, asthma, hemorrhage, vomiting blood, blood in the urine, dysentery, hemorrhoids, breast abscess, carbuncle and sores, scabies, eczema, bruises, and injuries.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

补肾，温中，散瘀，解毒。主治
Tonify the kidneys, warm the middle, disperse stasis, and detoxify. Used to treat...

肾虚阳痿，里寒腹痛，噎膈反胃，胸痹疼痛，气喘，衄血，吐血，尿血，痢疾，痔疮，乳痈，痈疮肿毒，疥疮，漆疮，跌打损伤。用法用量
Kidney deficiency leading to impotence, coldness in the abdomen with pain, choking sensation and nausea, chest pain, asthma, bleeding, vomiting blood, blood in urine, dysentery, hemorrhoids, breast abscess, carbuncle and swelling, scabies, eczema, bruises and injuries. Dosage and administration.

内服：捣汁，60-120g；或煮粥、炒熟、作羹。外用：捣敷；煎水熏洗；热熨。禁忌
Internal use: grind the herbs into juice, 60-120g; or cook in porridge, stir-fry, or make into a thick soup. External use: grind and apply as a poultice; decoct in water for fumigation or washing; apply hot compress. Contraindications.

阴虚内热及疮疡、目疾患者慎食。1、《食疗本草》：“热病后十日不可食热韭，食之即发困。”2、《日华子》：“多食昏神暗目，酒后尤忌，不可与蜜同食。”3、《本草经疏》：“胃气虚而有热者勿服。”4、《本草汇言》：“疮毒食之，愈增痛痒；疗肿食之，令人转剧。”5、《本草求真》：“火盛阴虚，用之为最忌。”6、《随息居饮食谱》：“疟疾，疮家，痧、痘后均忌。”化学成分
Yin deficiency with internal heat, as well as patients with ulcers and eye diseases, should be cautious about their diet. 1. "Dietary Therapy Materia Medica": "After ten days of a fever, do not eat hot leeks, eating them will cause drowsiness." 2. "Ri Huazi": "Eating too much can cause dizziness and blurred vision, especially avoid it after drinking alcohol, and do not eat it with honey." 3. "Commentary on the Materia Medica": "Those with weak stomach Qi and internal heat should not take it." 4. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Eating it for ulcers will increase pain and itching; eating it for swelling will worsen the condition." 5. "Seeking Truth in Materia Medica": "When there is excessive fire and Yin deficiency, it is the most taboo." 6. "Dietary Regimen in Suixiju": "Malaria, ulcers, and those recovering from measles and smallpox should all avoid it." Chemical composition.

叶含硫化物、甙类和苦味质。药理作用
Leaves contain sulfides, glycosides, and bitter substances. Pharmacological effects.

具有抗突变、抗滴虫作用，韭菜叶水溶性提取物有抗突变作用；非菜叶研磨后的滤液，1：4在试管内接触30min，对阴道滴虫有杀灭作用。毒理作用
The water-soluble extract of Chinese chives leaves has anti-mutagenic and anti-Trichomonas effects; the filtrate obtained after grinding non-chive leaves, in a ratio of 1:4, showed a killing effect on vaginal Trichomonas after 30 minutes of contact in a test tube. Toxic effects.

鲜韭莱叶压汁过滤所得滤液给小鼠静注产生休克样症状，可有狂躁、痉挛，以后转入镇静、嗜睡、发绀、死亡。相关论述
Fresh Chinese chive leaves are pressed for juice and filtered. The obtained filtrate is intravenously injected into mice, causing symptoms similar to shock, including restlessness and spasms, followed by sedation, drowsiness, cyanosis, and death. This is a related discussion.

1、《本草衍义补遗》：“研汁冷饮，可下膈中瘀血，能充肝气。”2、《滇南本草》：“滑润肠道中积，或食金、银、铜器于腹内，吃之立下。”3、《纲目》：“饮生汁，主上气喘息欲绝，解肉脯毒。煮汁饮，止消渴，盗汗，熏产妇血运，洗肠痔脱肛。”4、《药性切用》：“活血助阳，散瘀止血，为血瘀噎膈专药。捣汁用。”5、《全国中草药汇编》：“健胃，提神，止汗固涩。”临床应用 临床应用

1. "Supplement to the Compendium of Materia Medica": "Drinking the juice cold can help dispel stagnant blood in the diaphragm and replenish liver qi."2. "Yunnan Materia Medica": "Smoothens the accumulation in the intestines, whether caused by ingesting gold, silver, or copper objects, immediate relief upon consumption."3. "Compendium": "Drinking the raw juice is effective for severe shortness of breath and near-asphyxiation, and detoxifies meat and fish. Boiling the juice to drink can alleviate thirst, night sweats, promote blood circulation in postpartum women, and treat hemorrhoids."4. "Characteristics and Applications of Medicinal Properties": "Activates blood circulation, boosts yang energy, disperses stasis and stops bleeding, specifically used for blood stasis obstructing the diaphragm. Use by pounding the juice."5. "Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines Nationwide": "Strengthens the stomach, invigorates the mind, stops sweating, and secures the intestines." Clinical applications.

药膳食疗：韭菜粥：功效：温中行气，助阳散寒：对胃寒疼痛、手足发凉、便秘等症有疗效。原材料：新鲜韭菜250g，陈粟米10g。做法：将韭菜拆洗干净，切成碎末。把陈粟米淘洗干净。放到砂锅里加适量的水，大火煮沸后，用小火煮30分钟，等粟米熟烂后，添加韭菜碎末拌匀，再用小火煨煮至沸即可。用法：每天早、晚分食。相关配伍
Medicated diet therapy: Leek porridge: Effects: Warming the middle and promoting qi circulation, helping yang energy to dispel coldness. It is effective for stomach cold pain, cold hands and feet, constipation, and other symptoms. Ingredients: 250g fresh leeks, 10g glutinous corn. Method: Wash and chop the leeks into small pieces. Rinse the glutinous corn. Put them in a clay pot with an appropriate amount of water, bring to a boil over high heat, then simmer over low heat for 30 minutes. When the corn is cooked and soft, add the chopped leeks and mix well, then simmer over low heat until boiling. Usage: Consume it in the morning and evening. Related compatibility.

1、治阳虚肾冷，阳道不振，或腰膝冷疼，遗精梦泄：韭菜白八两，胡桃肉（去皮）二两。同脂麻油炒熟，日食之，服一月。（《方脉正宗》）2、治霍乱上吐下泻：用韭菜捣汁一盏，重汤煮熟，热服之，立止。（《寿世保元》）3、治一切翻胃噎膈：韭汁二两，牛乳一盏，生姜半两（取汁），竹沥半两，童便一盏。上五味和匀，顿暖服，或加入煎剂内，尤为至效。（《古今医鉴》）4、治食郁久，胃脘有瘀血作痛者：生韭莱捣自然汁一盏，加温酒一二杯服。或先嚼桃仁十余粒，用非汁送下亦佳。（《不知医必要》）5、治胸痹，心中急痛如锥刺，不得俯仰，自汗出，或痛彻背上，不治或至死：生韭或根五斤（洗），捣汁。灌少许，即吐胸中恶血。（《孟诜方》）6、治吐血、唾血、呕血、衄血、淋血、尿血及一切血证：韭菜十斤，捣汁，生地黄五斤（切碎）浸韭菜汁内，烈日下晒干，以生地黄黑烂，韭菜汁干为度；人石日内，捣数千下，如烂膏无渣者，为丸，弹子大。每早晚各服二丸，白萝卜煎汤化下。（《方脉正宗》）7、治痔疮：韭菜不以多少，先烧热汤，以盆盛汤在内，盆上用器具盖之，留一窍，却以韭菜于汤内泡之，以谷道坐窍上，令气蒸熏；候温，用韭菜轻轻洗疮数次。（《柚珍方》）8、治脱肛不缩：生韭一斤。细切，以酥拌炒令熟，分为两处，以软帛裹，更互熨之，冷即再易，以入为度。（《圣惠方》）9、治过敏性紫癜：鲜韭菜500g。洗净，捣烂绞汁，加健康儿童尿50ml，每日1剂，分2次服。（《福建省中草药新医疗法资料选编》）10、治荨麻疹：韭菜、甘草各15g，煎服，或用韭菜炒食。（苏医《中草药手册》）11、治跌扑打伤，瘀血不散积聚：用韭菜捣汁，令渐呷服之，约尽五斤而散。（《杏苑生春》）12、治金疮出血：韭汁和风化石灰，日干，每用为末，敷之。（《濒湖集简方》）13、治成人盗汗，肺或淋巴结核：韭菜或韭黄同蚬肉（猪肝或羊肝亦可）一起煮食喝汤。（《食物中药与便方》）14、治小儿聤耳：研韭汁点之，日二三度用之。（《普济方》）15、治产后血晕：韭菜（切）入瓶内，注热醋，以瓶口对鼻。（《妇人良方》）16、治中风失音：用韭菜汁灌之。（《寿世保元》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. To treat deficiency of yang and coldness in the kidneys, lack of erection, or cold and aching lower back and knees, along with nocturnal emission and frequent dreams: Take eight taels of Chinese chives and two taels of walnut meat (peeled). Stir-fry them together with lard until cooked, consume daily for one month. (From "Fang Mai Zheng Zong") 2. To treat cholera with severe vomiting and diarrhea: Crush a bowl of Chinese chives, boil it in a thick soup, and drink it hot to stop the symptoms immediately. (From "Shou Shi Bao Yuan") 3. To treat various stomach disorders causing discomfort and obstruction in the throat: Mix two taels of Chinese chive juice, a cup of cow's milk, half an ounce of ginger juice, half an ounce of bamboo juice, and a cup of children's urine. Drink the mixture warm, or add it to a decoction for enhanced effectiveness. (From "Gu Jin Yi Jian") 4. To treat long-standing food stagnation and stomach pain due to stagnant blood: Extract a cup of natural juice from fresh Chinese chives, and drink it with one or two cups of warm wine. Alternatively, chew on more than ten peach kernels and swallow the juice, which is also effective. (From "Bu Zhi Yi Bi Yao") 5. To treat chest obstruction, sudden sharp heart pain like a stabbing sensation, inability to move, profuse sweating, or pain penetrating to the back, which may lead to death if left untreated: Take five catties of fresh Chinese chives or roots (washed) and extract the juice. Administer a small amount to induce vomiting of stagnant blood in the chest. (From "Meng Shen Fang") 6. To treat various conditions involving bleeding such as hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematochezia, hematuria, and other blood disorders: Crush ten catties of Chinese chives to extract the juice, then soak five catties of fresh Rehmannia glutinosa (cut into pieces) in the chive juice. Dry the mixture under intense sunlight until the Rehmannia glutinosa turns black and rotten, and the chive juice dries up. Form the mixture into pills the size of peas after pounding it thousands of times until it resembles a smooth paste without residue. Take two pills in the morning and evening, and drink white radish soup. (From "Fang Mai Zheng Zong") 7. To treat hemorrhoids: Use an unspecified amount of Chinese chives to prepare a hot decoction. Place the decoction in a basin, cover it with a lid leaving a small hole, and soak the Chinese chives in the decoction. Sit over the basin to allow the steam to fumigate the affected area. Once warm, gently wash the hemorrhoids with the Chinese chives several times. (From "You Zhen Fang") 8. To treat prolapsed hemorrhoids that do not retract: Take one catty of fresh Chinese chives, finely chop them, stir-fry them with sesame oil until cooked, divide them into two portions, wrap them in soft silk, and alternately apply heat to them. Repeat the process until the chives cool down, and then reapply heat. (From "Sheng Hui Fang") 9. To treat allergic purpura: Take 500g of fresh Chinese chives, wash and crush them to extract the juice. Add 50ml of healthy children's urine, and take one dose daily, divided into two servings. (From "Selected Compilation of New Medical Treatment Methods of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Fujian Province") 10. To treat urticaria: Take 15g each of Chinese chives and licorice, decoct and drink, or stir-fry and consume the Chinese chives. (From "Chinese Herbal Medicine Handbook" by Su Yi) 11. To treat bruises and blood stasis that do not disperse: Crush Chinese chives to extract the juice, gradually drink it, and continue until about five catties have been consumed to disperse the blood stasis. (From "Xing Yuan Sheng Chun") 12. To treat bleeding from traumatic wounds: Mix Chinese chive juice with powdered alum, dry it daily, and apply the powder as a dressing. (From "Bin Hu Ji Jian Fang") 13. To treat night sweats in adults, or pulmonary or lymph node tuberculosis: Cook Chinese chives or Chinese chive flower with fresh clam meat (can also use pig liver or sheep liver) and consume as a soup. (From "Food Chinese Medicine and Prescriptions") 14. To treat otitis media in children: Apply crushed Chinese chive juice to the affected ear two to three times a day. (From "Pu Ji Fang") 15. To treat postpartum syncope: Place chopped Chinese chives in a bottle, pour hot vinegar over them, and inhale the vapors through the bottle opening. (From "Fu Ren Liang Fang") 16. To treat post-stroke aphonia: Administer Chinese chive juice by mouth. (From "Shou Shi Bao Yuan")

4叶心即可收割第一刀，经养根施肥后，当植株长到5片叶收割第二刀。根据需要也可连续收割5-6刀，鲜用。植物学信息 植物种属
The first harvest can be done when the plant has 4 leaves, after which it should be fertilized to promote root growth. The second harvest can be done when the plant has grown to 5 leaves. Depending on the need, it can be harvested continuously for 5-6 times for fresh use. Botanical information: plant species.

百合科葱属植物韭。形态特征
Leeks are plants of the lily family.形态特征

多年生草本，具特殊强烈气味。根茎横卧，鳞茎狭圆锥形，簇生；鳞茎外皮黄褐色，网状纤维质。叶基生，条形，扁平，长15-30cm，宽1.5-7mm。花茎自叶丛中抽出，高25-60cm，总苞2裂，白色，膜质，宿存；伞形花序簇生状或球状，多花；花梗为花被的2-4倍长；具苞片；花白色或微带红色；花被片6，狭卵形至长圆状披针形，长4.5-7mm；花丝基部合生并与花被贴生，长为花被片的4/5，狭三角状锥形；子房外壁具细的疣状突起。蒴果具倒心形的果瓣。花、果期7-9月。分布区域
Perennial herb with a distinctive strong smell. The rhizome lies horizontally, with narrow conical scales clustered together; the outer skin of the scales is yellow-brown, with a net-like fibrous texture. The basal leaves are linear, flat, 15-30cm long, and 1.5-7mm wide. The flower stem emerges from the leaf rosette, reaching 25-60cm in height, with a 2-lobed white membranous persistent involucre; the umbel-like inflorescence is clustered or spherical, with multiple flowers; the flower stalk is 2-4 times longer than the perianth; with bracts; the flowers are white or slightly tinged with red; the perianth consists of 6 narrowly ovate to lanceolate-oblong segments, 4.5-7mm long; the filaments are basally fused and adnate to the perianth, 4/5 the length of the perianth segments, narrowly triangular-conical; the outer wall of the ovary has fine wart-like protrusions. The capsule has inverted heart-shaped valves. Flowering and fruiting period is from July to September. Distribution area.

全国广泛栽培。生长环境
Cultivated widely across the country. Growing environment.

多为栽培。生长见习
Mostly cultivated. Growth internship.

抗寒，耐热，适应性强，全国各地普遍栽培，对土壤要求不严，但以耕作层深厚、富含有机质、保水力强、透气性好的壤土为最适宜，土壤过分粘重，排水不良，遇到雨季容易死苗，沙土容易脱肥，生长一般较瘦弱。繁殖方式
Cold-resistant, heat-tolerant, with strong adaptability, widely cultivated throughout the country, not strict in soil requirements, but most suitable for deep plow layer, rich in organic matter, strong water retention, and good soil permeability. It is generally thin and weak in growth if the soil is excessively sticky and poorly drained, making it prone to seedling death during the rainy season. Sandy soil is prone to nutrient loss. Reproduction methods.

用种子繁殖。栽培技术
Propagation by seeds. Cultivation techniques.

北方多采用春播，南主适合秋播。条播，按10cm行距，开2cm深的沟，把种子撒入沟中，耧平畦面踩一遍。播后浇水，保持畦面湿润，防止畦面板结。育苗后按行株距35cm×10cm栽苗。病虫防治
In the northern regions, spring sowing is more common, while in the south, autumn sowing is more suitable. For row planting, create furrows with a spacing of 10cm and a depth of 2cm, sow the seeds into the furrows, and then tread the furrow surface flat. After sowing, water the furrows to keep the surface moist and prevent soil crusting. After seedlings emerge, transplant them with a spacing of 35cm x 10cm between rows. Pay attention to disease and pest prevention and control.

1、灰霉病，为害叶片，发病前喷20%粉锈宁乳油1000倍液，或喷70%甲基托布津800-1000倍液。2、疫病，为害假茎、鳞茎、根、叶和花薹，用75%百菌清可湿性粉剂500倍液喷雾或灌根。

1. Gray mold disease, which damages the leaves. Before the onset of the disease, spray with a 20% powdery mildew emulsion at a dilution of 1000 times, or spray with a 70% methyl thiophanate at a dilution of 800-1000 times.2. Blight disease, which affects the pseudostem, bulbs, roots, leaves, and flower stalks. Spray with a 75% wettable powder of bactericide at a dilution of 500 times or apply it to the roots.