驴蹄草，中药材名。本品为毛茛科驴蹄草属植物驴蹄草CalthapalustrisL.，以根及叶入药。夏秋采集，晒干。功能主治为：清热利湿，解毒。用于中暑，尿路感染；外用治烧烫伤，毒蛇咬伤。
Lv-ti-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Caltha palustris L.) is the whole plant of Caltha palustris L., a plant of the Ranunculaceae family, with its roots and leaves used as medicine. It is collected in summer and autumn, and dried in the sun. Its functions include clearing heat, promoting diuresis, and detoxification. It is used for heatstroke, urinary tract infections; externally, it is used to treat burns, scalds, and snake bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热利湿，解毒。
Clearing heat, promoting diuresis, and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

用于中暑，尿路感染；外用治烧烫伤，毒蛇咬伤。
Used for heatstroke, urinary tract infections; externally for treating burns, scalds, and snake bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

根、叶1～2钱；外用鲜叶捣烂敷患处。
Roots and leaves, 1-2 qian (a traditional Chinese unit of weight); externally apply fresh leaves mashed and applied to the affected area.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

全草含紫堇块茎碱(corytuberine)，木兰花碱(magnoflorine)，烟碱(nicotine)，驴蹄草内酯(caltholide)，表驴蹄草内酯(epiacltholide)，4α-羟甲基驴蹄草内酯(palustrolide)，常春藤皂甙元(heteragenin)，常春藤酸(hederagenic acid)，16,17-二羟基贝壳杉烷-19-酸(16,17-dihydroxykauran-19-oic acid)，β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)，胡萝卜甙(daucosterol)，东莨菪素(scopoletin)，伞形花内酯(umbelliferone)等。花含萜皂甙：常春皂甙元-3-阿拉伯糖甙(hederagenin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside)，齐墩果酸-3-鼠李糖阿拉伯糖甙(oleanolic acid-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-α-L-arabinopyranoside)，常春藤皂甙元-3-鼠李糖阿拉伯糖甙(hederagenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-α-L-arabinopyranoside)，3-O-二去氢叶黄素(3-O-didehydrolutein)，3-表叶黄素(3-epilutein)，α-隐黄质(α-cryptoxanthin)。叶含原白头翁素(protoanemonin)，原阿片碱(protopine)。根含嚏根草碱(veratrin)，嚏根草毒素(helleborin)。
The whole plant contains corytuberine, magnoflorine, nicotine, caltholide, epiacltholide, palustrolide, heteragenin, hederagenic acid, 16,17-dihydroxykauran-19-oic acid, β-sitosterol, daucosterol, scopoletin, umbelliferone, etc. The flowers contain triterpenoid saponins: hederagenin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside, oleanolic acid-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-α-L-arabinopyranoside, hederagenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-α-L-arabinopyranoside, 3-O-didehydrolutein, 3-epilutein, α-cryptoxanthin. The leaves contain protoanemonin and protopine. The roots contain veratrine and helleborin.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

驴蹄草所含三萜皂甙能使正常大鼠血中胆固醇水平明显下降，总蛋白减少，清蛋白无改变，球蛋白下降，血糖升高。此外，还具有明显的抗炎作用，能明显抑制大鼠甲醛性足跖肿胀，而其甙元之一的齐墩果酸抗炎作用则较弱。
The triterpenoid saponins contained in Caltha palustris can significantly reduce cholesterol levels in the blood of normal rats, decrease total protein, leave albumin unchanged, reduce globulin, and increase blood sugar. In addition, it also has a significant anti-inflammatory effect, effectively inhibiting formaldehyde-induced paw edema in rats, whereas the anti-inflammatory effect of one of its aglycones, oleanolic acid, is weaker.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

形态特征
Morphological characteristics.

1. 驴蹄草，多年生草本，高20-48cm，无毛，须根肉质。茎直立，实心，具细纵沟，中部或中部以上分枝，稀不分枝。基生叶3-7，草质，有长柄；柄长7-24cm；叶片圆形、圆肾形或卵形，长2.5-5cm，宽3-9cm，先端圆，基部深心形，边缘密生小牙齿；茎生叶较小，具短柄或无柄。单歧聚伞花序生于茎或分枝顶端，通常有2朵花；花梗长2-10cm；花两性，直径1.6-3.2cm；萼片5，花瓣状，黄色，倒卵形或狭倒卵形，长1-1.8cm，宽0.6-1.2cm，先端圆；花瓣无；雄蕊多数，长4.5-7mm，花丝狭线形，花药长圆形，长1-1.6mm；心皮7-12，与雄蕊近等长，无柄，花柱短，蓇葖果，长约1cm，宽约3mm，有横脉纹，喙长约1mm。种子多数，狭卵球形，长1.5-2mm，黑色有光泽，具少数纵皱纹。花期5-9月，果期6-10月。

2. Caltha palustris is a perennial herb, 20–48 cm tall, glabrous, with fleshy fibrous roots. The stem is erect, solid, with fine longitudinal grooves, branching at or above the middle, rarely unbranched. There are 3–7 basal leaves, herbaceous with long petioles; petioles 7–24 cm long; leaf blades round, reniform, or ovate, 2.5–5 cm long, 3–9 cm wide, rounded at apex, deeply cordate at base, margins densely serrulate; stem leaves smaller, with short or no petioles. A monochasial cyme arises from the stem or branch apex, usually bearing 2 flowers; pedicels 2–10 cm long; flowers bisexual, 1.6–3.2 cm in diameter; 5 sepals, petal-like, yellow, oblanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, 1–1.8 cm long, 0.6–1.2 cm wide, apex rounded; petals absent; numerous stamens, 4.5–7 mm long, filaments narrow-linear, anthers oblong, 1–1.6 mm long; carpels 7–12, nearly as long as stamens, sessile, with short styles; follicles about 1 cm long, 3 mm wide, transversely veined, beak about 1 mm long. Seeds numerous, narrowly ovoid, 1.5–2 mm long, shiny black, with few longitudinal wrinkles. Flowering from May to September, fruiting from June to October.

3. 三角叶驴蹄草，本种植物形态与驴蹄草相近，主要区别在于：叶多为宽三角状肾形，基部宽心形，边缘只在下部有小牙齿，其他部分微波状或近全缘。花期5-6月，果期6-8月。

4. Caltha trifolia, morphologically similar to Caltha palustris, mainly distinguished by leaves that are broadly triangular-reniform, with a broadly cordate base, serrulate only at the lower margin, while other parts are slightly undulate or nearly entire. Flowering from May to June, fruiting from June to August.

5. 薄叶驴蹄草，本种植物形态与驴蹄草相近，主要区别在于：叶质地较薄，近膜质；花梗常较长，长达14cm；基生叶多为圆肾形，有时三角状肾形，边缘均有小牙齿，有时上部边缘的牙齿浅而钝。花期5-6月，果期6-8月。

6. Caltha leptophylla, similar in form to Caltha palustris, differs mainly in having thinner, almost membranous leaves; longer pedicels, up to 14 cm; basal leaves mostly reniform, sometimes triangular-reniform, with small teeth along the margin, sometimes shallow and blunt on the upper part. Flowering from May to June, fruiting from June to August.

7. 花葶驴蹄草，多年生低矮草本，高3.5-18cm。全株无毛。须根肉质。茎直立或斜升，1-10条，无叶或在中上部生1叶。基生叶3-10，有长柄；叶柄长2.5-10cm，基部具膜质长鞘；叶片心状卵形或三角状卵形，长1-3cm，宽1.2-2.8cm，先端圆，基部深心形，全缘或边缘浅波状；茎生叶小，具短柄或无柄，叶片长在1.2cm以下。花两性，单朵顶生，或2朵呈单歧聚伞花序；萼片5-8，花瓣状，黄色，倒卵形、椭圆形或卵形，长0.9-1.5cm，宽0.7-1.4cm，先端圆；花瓣无；雄蕊多数，长3.5-7mm，花丝狭线形，花药长圆形；心皮6-8，与雄蕊近等长，具短柄，花柱短。蓇葖果，长1-1.6cm，宽2.5-3mm，有横脉纹，柄长1.8-3mm，喙长约1mm。花期6-9月，果期7-10月。

8. Caltha scaposa, a perennial low-growing herb, 3.5–18 cm tall. Entire plant glabrous. Fibrous roots fleshy. Stems erect or ascending, 1–10 in number, leafless or with one leaf in the upper part. Basal leaves 3–10, with long petioles; petioles 2.5–10 cm long, with membranous sheaths at base; leaf blades cordate-ovate or triangular-ovate, 1–3 cm long, 1.2–2.8 cm wide, apex rounded, base deeply cordate, margin entire or shallowly undulate; stem leaves small, with short or no petioles, blade less than 1.2 cm long. Flowers bisexual, solitary terminal or in two-flowered monochasial cymes; sepals 5–8, petal-like, yellow, oblanceolate, elliptic, or ovate, 0.9–1.5 cm long, 0.7–1.4 cm wide, apex rounded; petals absent; stamens numerous, 3.5–7 mm long, filaments narrow-linear, anthers oblong; carpels 6–8, nearly as long as stamens, short-stalked, with short styles. Follicles 1–1.6 cm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, transversely veined, stalk 1.8–3 mm long, beak about 1 mm. Flowering from June to September, fruiting from July to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

1. 分布于内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃南部、新疆、浙江西部、河南西部、四川、云南北部、西藏东部。
2. 分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、山东东部。
3. 分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁。
4. 分布于甘肃南部、青海南部、四川西部、云南西北部、西藏东南部。
5. Distributed in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, southern Gansu, Xinjiang, western Zhejiang, western Henan, Sichuan, northern Yunnan, and eastern Tibet.
6. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and eastern Shandong.
7. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning.
8. Distributed in southern Gansu, southern Qinghai, western Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan, and southeastern Tibet.

生长环境 Growing Environment

1. 生于海拔600-4000m的山地溪谷边、湿草甸或草坡、林下较阴湿处。
2. 生于沼泽地、河边草地、山谷边或浅水中。
3. 生于溪边、沼泽地或林下。
4. 生于2800-4100m的高山湿草甸或山谷沟边湿草地。
5. Grows on mountain stream banks, wet meadows or grassy slopes, and in shady, moist areas under forests at altitudes of 600–4000 m.
6. Grows in marshlands, riverside meadows, valley edges, or shallow water.
7. Grows along streams, in marshy areas, or under forest cover.
8. Grows in alpine wet meadows or moist grasslands along valley streams at elevations of 2800–4100 m.