蓖麻，中药名。为大戟科蓖麻属植物蓖麻Ricinus communis L.的种子、根及叶。种子：消肿，排脓，拔毒。种仁油（蓖麻油）：润肠通便。叶：消肿拔毒，止痒。根：祛风活血，止痛镇静。种仁：子宫脱垂，脱肛，难产，胎盘不下，面神经麻痹，疮疡化脓未溃、淋巴结核。种仁油：（榨油提纯蓖麻油）肠内积滞，大便秘结。叶：疮疡肿毒，湿疹瘙痒，灭蛆、杀孑孓。根：风湿关节痛，破伤风，癫痫，精神分裂症。
Casto, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. bean (Bi-ma). It refers to the seeds, roots, and leaves of the plant Ricinus communis L. in the Euphorbiaceae family. The seeds are used for reducing swelling, draining pus, and detoxification. Castor oil (Bi-ma oil) from the seeds is used for lubricating the intestines and relieving constipation. The leaves are used for reducing swelling, detoxification, and relieving itching. The roots are used for dispelling wind, promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, and calming the nerves. The seeds are used for uterine prolapse, prolapsed anus, difficult labor, retained placenta, facial nerve paralysis, unruptured abscesses, and lymph node tuberculosis. Castor oil is used for relieving intestinal obstruction and constipation. The leaves are used for treating abscesses, swelling, damp eczema, and killing maggots and larvae. The roots are used for rheumatic joint pain, tetanus, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

种子：消肿，排脓，拔毒。种仁油（蓖麻油）：润肠通便。叶：消肿拔毒，止痒。根：祛风活血，止痛镇静。主治
Seed: reduce swelling, drain pus, detoxify. Seed oil (castor oil): moisten intestines and promote bowel movements. Leaves: reduce swelling, detoxify, relieve itching. Roots: dispel wind, activate blood circulation, relieve pain, and calm the mind. Mainly used for治疗。

种仁：子宫脱垂，脱肛，捣烂敷头顶百会穴；难产，胎盘不下，捣烂敷足心，涌泉穴；面神经麻痹，捣烂外敷，病左敷右，病右敷左，疮疡化脓未溃、淋巴结核，竹、木刺金属入肉，捣成膏状外敷。种仁油：（榨油提纯蓖麻油）肠内积滞，大便秘结。用量10-20ml，顿服。叶：疮疡肿毒，鲜品捣烂外敷；湿疹瘙痒，煎水外洗；灭蛆、杀孑孓，取叶或种仁外壳0.5kg，加水5kg，煎30分钟，药液按5%的比例放入污水或粪坑中。根：风湿关节痛，破伤风，癫痫，精神分裂症。用量30-60g，水煎服。用法用量
Semen Strychni: For uterine prolapse, rectal prolapse, crush and apply to the Baihui acupoint on the top of the head; for difficult labor, retained placenta, crush and apply to the Yongquan acupoint on the sole of the foot; for facial nerve paralysis, crush and apply externally, apply to the left for right-sided conditions, and apply to the right for left-sided conditions; for unhealed ulcers, lymphadenitis, foreign bodies such as bamboo, wood splinters, or metal embedded in the flesh, crush into a paste and apply externally. Semen Strychni Oil: (pressed and purified from castor oil) For intestinal obstruction, constipation. Dosage: 10-20ml, taken at once. Leaves: For swollen and toxic ulcers, crush fresh leaves and apply externally; for eczema and itching, decoct in water for external washing; for maggot removal and killing larvae, take 0.5kg of leaves or seed husks, add 5kg of water, decoct for 30 minutes, then pour the medicinal liquid into sewage or a cesspool at a 5% ratio. Roots: For rheumatic joint pain, tetanus, epilepsy, schizophrenia. Dosage: 30-60g, decoct in water for oral administration. Dosage and administration.

内服：根30-60g，水煎服。不良反应
Internal administration: Take 30-60g of the root, decoct in water and take orally. Adverse reactions may occur.

1、蓖麻子所含蓖麻毒素7mg或蓖麻碱0.16g即可使成人致死，儿童口服5-6粒生蓖麻子即可致死。以上二种毒质加热后可以破坏。2、中毒后首先感到咽喉灼热，恶心、呕吐，腹痛，腹泻，无尿或血尿，发热，痉挛，最后血压下降，休克，呼吸停止而死亡。牲畜误食也中毒。解救时可催吐，洗胃，导泻，每日服小苏打5-15g，静脉滴注葡萄糖盐水，皮下注射抗蓖麻毒血清，输血，视病情使用止痛剂，解痉剂、强心剂等对症治疗。化学成分

1. Castor beans containing 7mg of ricin or 0.16g of ricinine can be fatal to adults, and ingestion of 5-6 raw castor beans can be fatal to children. Both of these toxins can be destroyed by heating. 2. After poisoning, the first symptoms include a burning sensation in the throat, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, oliguria or hematuria, fever, convulsions, and finally hypotension, shock, respiratory arrest, and death. Livestock can also be poisoned if they ingest it accidentally. Rescue measures include inducing vomiting, gastric lavage, catharsis, daily administration of 5-15g of sodium bicarbonate, intravenous infusion of glucose saline, subcutaneous injection of anti-ricin serum, blood transfusion, and symptomatic treatment with analgesics, antispasmodics, cardiotonics, etc. Chemical composition.

种子含脂肪油（蓖麻油）30-50%、蓖麻毒素、解脂酶、毒性蛋白质、蓖麻碱。蓖麻油的主要成分为蓖麻油酸的甘油酯约80%，此外，尚含少量异蓖麻油酸、硬脂酸及9，10-二羟基硬脂酸等的甘油酯。药理作用
The seeds contain 30-50% of fatty oil (castor oil), ricin, lipase, toxic proteins, and ricinine. The main component of castor oil is glyceride of ricinoleic acid, accounting for about 80%. In addition, it also contains small amounts of glycerides of isoricinoleic acid, stearic acid, and 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid. Pharmacological effects.

1、所含蓖麻油通过十二指肠皂化成蓖麻油酸钠，从而刺激小肠使蠕动增强，于服药2-6小时后排出半流质粪便，排便后可有短期便秘。能引起盆腔器官的轻度充血。2、蓖麻毒蛋白对小鼠艾氏腹水癌、腹水型肝癌、宫颈癌U14、肉瘤S180及白血病等动物移植瘤均有一定抑制作用，可抑制癌细胞的蛋白质合成。3、蓖麻子中有血凝活性成分，并含有对小肠粘膜细胞、肝细胞及其它细胞、组织悬液有强烈凝集作用的成分，认为这种成分为蓖麻血凝素。4、蓖麻毒蛋白有较强的致热作用，其致热反应比其它任何热原都强而持久，潜伏期也大。反复注射可以产生耐受性，但与细菌类热原物质无交叉耐受性。5、蓖麻毒蛋白具有很强的抗原性，以各种途径进入人体或各种哺乳动物体内可以产生抗体和过敏反应。临床应用 相关配伍

1. The castor oil contained in it is saponified into sodium ricinoleate in the duodenum, which stimulates the small intestine to enhance peristalsis. Semi-liquid stools are excreted 2-6 hours after taking the medicine, and short-term constipation may occur after defecation. It can cause mild congestion of pelvic organs.2. Ricin toxin has a certain inhibitory effect on transplanted tumors in mice, such as ascitic Ehrlich carcinoma, ascitic liver cancer, cervical cancer U14, sarcoma S180, leukemia, etc., and can inhibit the protein synthesis of cancer cells.3. There are blood coagulation active ingredients in castor beans, as well as components that have a strong agglutination effect on intestinal mucosal cells, liver cells, and other cells and tissue suspensions. These components are believed to be castor bean coagulants.4. Ricin toxin has a strong pyrogenic effect, with a longer and more intense pyrogenic reaction than any other pyrogen, and a long incubation period. Repeated injections can lead to tolerance, but there is no cross-tolerance with bacterial pyrogens.5. Ricin toxin is highly antigenic and can produce antibodies and allergic reactions when entering the human body or the bodies of various mammals through various routes. Clinical application related compatibility.

破伤风：红蓖麻根120-240g，蝉蜕15-30g，九里香30-60g。加水1000ml，煎至200ml，分3次服，每日1剂。以本方为主，配合椎管内注射抗毒血清（先作抗毒血清皮试，一般儿童3000-6000单位，成人5000-10000位，仅注射1次）和少量冬眠药物，合并感染者加用抗菌素，合并严重肺部感染者作气管切开。加工炮制 采收加工
Tetanus: Radix Ricini 120-240g, Cicada Slough 15-30g, Herba Illicii 30-60g. Add 1000ml of water, decoct to 200ml, divide into 3 doses, take one dose daily. This formula is the main treatment, combined with intrathecal injection of antitoxin serum (perform antitoxin serum skin test first, generally 3000-6000 units for children, 5000-10000 units for adults, inject only once) and a small amount of sedative drugs. For infected individuals, antibiotics should be added, and for those with severe pulmonary infections, tracheotomy should be performed. Processing method: collection and processing.

秋、冬采收种子，拣去杂质，晒干。夏秋采根及叶，分别晒干备用或鲜用。植物学信息 植物种属
In autumn and winter, collect the seeds, remove impurities, and dry them in the sun. In summer and autumn, harvest the roots and leaves, dry them separately for later use, or use them fresh. Botanical information about the plant species.

大戟科蓖麻属植物蓖麻。形态特征
The Euphorbiaceae family includes the plant castor bean. Morphological characteristics.

灌木或小乔木，在北方为高大一年生草本。茎直立，无毛，绿色或稍带紫色，被白粉，节明显。单叶互生，具长柄，柄端具腺体；叶片盾状圆形；掌状分裂，深达叶片的一半以上，裂片一般7-9，先端长尖，边缘有不规则的锯齿，齿端具腺体，下面被白粉。夏末开花，总状花序或似总状圆锥花序顶生，长10-30cm或更长；花单性，同株，下部生雄花，上部生雌花；雄花萼3-5裂，雄蕊多数，花丝多分枝；雌花萼3-5裂，子房3，每室1胚珠，花柱3，深红色，2裂。蒴果球形，有3个纵槽，外被刺状物，成熟后3裂。种子矩圆形而稍扁，长0.9-1.8cm，宽0.5-1.1cm，一面平，一面较隆起，表面光滑，有灰白色与黑棕色或黄棕色与红棕色交错的大理石样纹理，一端有灰白色至浅棕色突起的种阜。分布区域
Shrubs or small trees, in the north are tall annual herbaceous plants. The stems are erect, hairless, green or slightly purple, covered with white powder, and with distinct nodes. The single leaves are opposite, with long petioles, glandular at the petiole apex; leaf blades are shield-shaped and round; palmately lobed, deeply divided more than half of the leaf blade, usually with 7-9 lobes, long-pointed at the apex, irregularly serrated margins, glandular at the tips of the teeth, and covered with white powder on the underside. Flowers bloom at the end of summer, in terminal racemes or racemose panicles, 10-30cm long or longer; flowers are unisexual, on the same plant, with male flowers at the lower part and female flowers at the upper part; male flowers have 3-5 lobes in the calyx, numerous stamens with branched filaments; female flowers have 3-5 lobes in the calyx, 3 ovaries, each with 1 ovule, 3 deep red stigmas, and are 2-lobed. Capsules are globose, with 3 longitudinal ridges, covered with prickles, and split into 3 parts when mature. Seeds are rectangular and slightly flattened, 0.9-1.8cm long, 0.5-1.1cm wide, flat on one side, slightly raised on the other, with a smooth surface, and with a marbled pattern of gray-white and black-brown or yellow-brown and red-brown colors, with a gray-white to light brown raised seed crest at one end. Distribution area.

全国各地广为栽培，少有野生者。野生品仅分布于南部亚热带地区。
Cultivated widely across the country, with few remaining in the wild. Wild specimens are only found in the southern subtropical regions.