山佩兰，中药材名。本品为菊科植物单叶佩兰的全草。拉丁植物名：EupatoriumjaponicumThunb.[E.wallichiiDC.]采收和储藏：夏、秋季采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。功能主治为：祛暑发表；化湿和中；理气活血；解毒。主百般伤暑湿；发热头痛；胞闷腹胀；消化不良；胃肠炎；感胃；咳嗽；咽喉炎；扁桃体炎；月经不调；跌打损伤；痈肿；蛇咬伤。
Shan-pei-lan, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. This product is the whole herb of the chrysanthemum family plant Eupatorium japonicum Thunb. [E. wallichii DC.]. Harvest and storage: Harvest in summer and autumn, wash, use fresh or dry. Functions and indications: Clears summer-heat and resolves exterior, eliminates dampness and harmonizes the middle, regulates qi and activates blood, and detoxifies. Used for various injuries caused by summer-heat and dampness, fever and headache, distension and fullness in the abdomen, indigestion, gastroenteritis, gastritis, cough, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, irregular menstruation, bruises, abscesses, and snake bites.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

祛暑发表；化湿和中；理气活血；解毒。主治
Clearing summer heat and promoting diuresis; resolving dampness and harmonizing the middle; regulating qi and activating blood circulation; detoxifying. Mainly used for...

主百般伤暑湿；发热头痛；胞闷腹胀；消化不良；胃肠炎；感胃；咳嗽；咽喉炎；扁桃体炎；月经不调；跌打损伤；痈肿；蛇咬伤。用法用量
Treat various injuries caused by summer dampness; fever and headache; abdominal distension and fullness; indigestion; gastroenteritis; gastritis; cough; pharyngitis; tonsillitis; irregular menstruation; bruises and sprains; carbuncles and swelling; snake bites. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，9-15g；或研末，每次6-9g，每日2次。外用：适量，捣敷。化学成分
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g; or powder, 6-9g each time, twice daily. External use: Appropriate amount, pounded for application. Chemical components.

全草含挥发油,内有：已醛(hexanal),2-己烯醛(2-hexenal),顺式-3-己烯-1-醇(3-hexen-ol),樟烯(camphene),苯甲醛(benzaldehyde),β-蒎烯(β-pinene),月桂烯(myrcene),冰片烯(bornylene),α-水芹烯(α-phellandrene),对-聚伞花素(p-cymene),柠檬烯(limonene)β-罗勒烯-X(β-ocimene-X)β-罗勒烯-Y(β-ocimene-Y),α-松油烯(α-terpinene),紫苏烯(perillene),正壬醛(n-nonanal),反-松香芹醇(pinocarveol),龙脑(borneol),对聚伞花-α-醇(p-cymema-α-ol),α-松油醇(α-terpineol),桃金娘醛(myrtenal),橙花醇(nerol),2-异丙基-5-甲基茴香醚(2-isopropyl-methylanisole),牻牛儿醛(geranial),乙酸龙脑酯(bornylacetate),百里香酚(thmol),香荆芥酚(carvacrol),α-毕澄茄油烯(α-及β-cubebene)β-柏木烯(β-cedrene),乙酸橙花醇酯(erylacetate),(王古)(王巴)烯(copaene),β-旁波烯,β-bourbonene),β-及γ-榄香烯(el-emene),反式-丁香烯(caryophyllene),反式-金合欢烯(farne-sene)γ-及δ-毕澄茄烯(cadinene),γ-衣兰油烯(γ-muurolene),α-金合欢烯(α-farnesene),橙花叔醇(nerolidol),丁香烯氧化物(caryophylleneoxide)。又含大牻牛儿烯(germacrene)D。叶含香豆精(coumarin),邻-香豆酸(o-coumaricacid),麝香草氢醌(thymohydroquinone)。根含兰草素(euparin)。又从叶中分得白头婆内酯(eu-panin),白头婆素(eupachifolin)A、B、C、D、E,华泽兰素(eu-pasimplicin)A、B及去乙酰基华泽兰素A(或B)[deacetyleu-PasimplicinA(orB)]。药理作用
The whole plant contains volatile oils, including: hexanal, 2-hexenal, 3-hexen-ol, camphene, benzaldehyde, β-pinene, myrcene, bornylene, α-phellandrene, p-cymene, limonene, β-ocimene-X, β-ocimene-Y, α-terpinene, perillene, n-nonanal, pinocarveol, borneol, p-cymema-α-ol, α-terpineol, myrtenal, nerol, 2-isopropyl-methylanisole, geranial, bornyl acetate, thymol, carvacrol, α- and β-cubebene, β-cedrene, eryl acetate, copaene, β-bourbonene, el-emene, caryophyllene, farne-sene, cadinene, γ-muurolene, α-farnesene, nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide. It also contains germacrene D. The leaves contain coumarin, o-coumaric acid, thymohydroquinone. The roots contain euparin. From the leaves, eu-panin, eupachifolin A, B, C, D, E, eupasimplicin A, B, and deacetyleu-Pasimplicin A (or B) can be extracted. Pharmacological effects.

1.抗癌作用：生物总碱体外试验中,对宫颈鳞癌（Hela）细胞的IC50平均为103.4±9.8μg/ml。体内试验中,腹腔注射总生物碱50mg/（kg/天）,连续7天,可使腹水型肉瘤S180小鼠的生存期限显着延长。相同剂量皮下注射时,抗肿瘤作用较差。总生物碱与环磷酸胺合用时,两种给药途径均呈现出协同作用。小鼠S180实体瘤对生物总碱较不敏感。2.抗菌作用：40%煎剂平板稀释法,对伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、八叠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用。毒理作用

1. Anticancer effect: In in vitro experiments, the average IC50 of total alkaloids on cervical squamous carcinoma (HeLa) cells was 103.4±9.8 μg/ml. In in vivo experiments, intraperitoneal injection of total alkaloids at 50mg/(kg/day) for 7 consecutive days significantly prolonged the survival time of ascitic sarcoma S180 mice. When the same dose was administered subcutaneously, the anti-tumor effect was less pronounced. When total alkaloids were used in combination with cyclophosphamide, both routes of administration showed a synergistic effect. S180 solid tumors in mice were less sensitive to total alkaloids.2. Antibacterial effect: Using a 40% decoction dilution method on agar plates, total alkaloids showed inhibitory effects on Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Toxicity was also observed.

其鲜叶和汁喂饲兔,能引起慢性中毒,主要损害肾和肝组织,并引起糖尿病；叶的醇浸物0.3g,给予兔可引起全身麻醉,呼吸抑制,体温下降,血糖增高。药材鉴别 药材性状
Feeding rabbits with fresh leaves and juice can cause chronic poisoning, mainly damaging the kidney and liver tissues, and leading to diabetes; 0.3g of the alcohol extract of the leaves can cause general anesthesia, respiratory depression, decreased body temperature, and increased blood sugar in rabbits. Identification of medicinal materials and their characteristics.

性状鉴别：茎圆柱形，长40-80cm，表面棕色或暗紫红色，具纵皱纹及散在紫色斑点，被白色毛茸；质坚硬，折断面黄白色，纤维状，中央具白色疏松的髓。叶对生，多破碎，皱缩卷曲，完整叶片展平后常3裂，裂片呈卵状长椭圆形，先端渐或锐尖，基部楔形，边缘具粗锯齿，上面深绿色，下面淡绿色，质膜易脱落。花序着生于枝端，管状花多存在，外有膜质总苞残存，有的还带有瘦果。气芳香，味微涩。以色绿、叶多、质嫩、香气浓者为佳。显微鉴别①叶表面观：上表皮细胞垂周壁稍平直，下表皮细胞垂周壁波状弯曲。均有较多腺毛和非腺毛散在，腺毛头部由4个细胞组成，直径36-80μm，非膜毛由3-6（-10）个细胞组成，长220-400（-520）μm，基部直径20-75μm，表面陷现疣状突起，有时中部细胞缢缩，下表面叶脉上非腺毛尤多。②茎表面观：表皮细胞长方形或多角形，腺毛多，形状与叶上腺毛相似。非腺毛由5-7（-11）个细胞组成，长200-400（-600）μm，基部直径30-70μm，外壁上有疣状突起。植物学信息 形态特征
Morphological identification: The stem is cylindrical, 40-80cm long, with a brown or dark purple-red surface, longitudinal wrinkles, scattered purple spots, and covered with white hairs; it is hard in texture, with a yellow-white fibrous fracture surface, and a white loose pith in the center. The leaves are opposite, mostly fragmented, wrinkled and curled, with the intact leaf blade often 3-lobed when spread out, with lobes oblong-elliptic, gradually or sharply pointed at the tip, wedge-shaped at the base, with coarse serrations on the edges, dark green on the upper surface, light green on the lower surface, and easily shedding membranous quality. The inflorescence is terminal, with tubular flowers mostly present, with remnants of membranous bracts, some with slender fruits. It has a fragrant aroma and a slightly astringent taste. The preferred characteristics include green color, abundant leaves, tender texture, and strong fragrance. Microscopic identification: 1. Leaf surface observation: The upper epidermal cells have slightly straight periclinal walls, while the lower epidermal cells have wavy periclinal walls. There are numerous glandular and non-glandular hairs scattered around, with glandular hairs consisting of 4 cells at the head, with a diameter of 36-80μm, and non-glandular hairs consisting of 3-6 (-10) cells, with a length of 220-400 (-520) μm, a base diameter of 20-75μm, and a surface with wart-like protrusions, sometimes with constricted central cells. The lower surface of leaf veins has more non-glandular hairs. 2. Stem surface observation: The epidermal cells are rectangular or polygonal, with many glandular hairs similar in shape to those on the leaves. Non-glandular hairs consist of 5-7 (-11) cells, with a length of 200-400 (-600) μm, a base diameter of 30-70μm, and wart-like protrusions on the outer wall. Botanical information: Morphological characteristics.

单叶俩兰多年生草本，高1-2m。地下根茎匍匐，木质化；根细长，多弯曲。茎直立，常丛生，基部木质化，上部绿色，有紫色斑点，被柔毛。单叶对生；叶柄长1-2cm；叶片卵圆形、卵状椭圆形或被针形，长7-16cm，宽3-8cm，基部渐狭，边缘有锯齿，上面深绿色，近无毛，下面淡绿色，被疏毛，脉上较多，有腺点。头状花序多数，在茎端或分枝顶端排列成伞房状，花序基部有1小苞叶，总苞钟状；总苞片约9枚，先端钝，覆瓦状排列；头状花序含5朵白色两性管状花，先端5裂。瘦果具5棱，有毛或有腺点；冠毛白色羽毛状。花、果期6-11月。分布区域
Dendrobium moniliforme is a perennial herb with single leaves, growing 1-2m tall. Its underground rhizomes are creeping and woody, with slender and often curved roots. The stems are erect, usually clustered, with woody bases and green upper parts with purple spots, covered in soft hairs. The single leaves are opposite; leaf stalks are 1-2cm long; leaf blades are ovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 7-16cm long and 3-8cm wide, gradually narrowing at the base, with serrated edges. The upper surface is deep green, nearly hairless, while the lower surface is light green, sparsely hairy, with prominent veins and glandular dots. The inflorescences are capitate, arranged in umbel-like clusters at the stem tips or branch ends, with a small bract at the base, and a bell-shaped involucre; about 9 involucral bracts are blunt at the tips, arranged in an imbricate manner; each capitate inflorescence contains 5 white hermaphroditic tubular flowers, each with 5 lobes at the tip. The fruit is 5-ribbed, hairy or glandular; the pappus is white and feathery. The flowering and fruiting period is from June to November. This plant is distributed in certain regions.

除新疆、西藏外、广布全国各地。生长环境
Except for Xinjiang and Tibet, it is widely distributed throughout the country. Growing environment.

生于丘陵地带的山坡向阳草丛中及沟边。
Grass grows on the sunny slopes of hills in hilly areas and along the edges of ditches.