金兰，中药材名。为兰科植物金兰Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb).Lindl.[Serapias falcata Thunb.;Epipactis falcata Thunb.;Cephalanthera japonica A.Gray]的全草。具有清热泻火，解毒的功效。主治咽喉肿痛，牙痛，毒蛇咬伤。
Jin-lan, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The whole plant of Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb.) Lindl. [Synonyms: Serapias falcata Thunb.; Epipactis falcata Thunb.; Cephalanthera japonica A.Gray], a member of the Orchidaceae family. It has the effects of clearing heat, relieving fire, and detoxification. It is mainly used to treat sore throat, toothache, and snake bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热泻火，解毒。
Clearing heat, purging fire, and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

咽喉肿痛，牙痛，毒蛇咬伤。
Sore throat, toothache, snake bite.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g；鲜品加倍。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g; double the amount for fresh herbs. External use: appropriate amount, mashed for application.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《全国中草药汇编》：清热，泻火。主治喉痛，牙痛。
"Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines": Clearing heat and relieving fire. Used to treat sore throat and toothache.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，洗净，晒干或鲜用。
Processing method: Harvest in summer or autumn, wash, dry in the sun, or use fresh.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：兰科植物金兰。
Plant species: Orchidaceae plant - Golden Orchid.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

金兰，陆生植物，高20-45cm。具多数细长的根。茎直立，基部具3-5枚膜质鞘。叶互生，4-9枚；叶片椭圆状披针形或卵状披针形，长8-15cm，宽2-4.5cm，先端渐尖或急尖，基部抱茎。总状花序顶生，具花5-10朵；花苞片很小，短于子房；花黄色，不张开或稍张开；萼片菱状椭圆形，长13-15mm，顶端钝或急尖，具5脉；花瓣与萼片相似，但较短；唇瓣长8-9mm，分前后两部分，基部具囊；唇瓣前部近扁圆形，长约5mm，宽8-9mm，前部不裂或3裂，上面具5-7条纵褶片，近先端处密生乳突；唇瓣后部凹陷，内无褶片；侧裂片三角形，或多或少抱蕊柱；囊明显伸出侧萼片之外，先端钝；花粉块2，有裂隙，粒粉质；柱头较大，子房条形。蒴果。花期4-5月。
Golden orchid, a terrestrial plant, grows to a height of 20-45cm. It has numerous slender roots. The stem is erect, with 3-5 membranous sheaths at the base. The leaves are alternate, 4-9 in number, and are elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 8-15cm long and 2-4.5cm wide, gradually tapering or acute at the apex, and clasping at the base. The inflorescence is terminal, with 5-10 flowers; the bracts are very small, shorter than the ovary; the flowers are yellow, not fully open or slightly open; the sepals are rhombic-elliptic, 13-15mm long, with a blunt or acute apex and 5 veins; the petals are similar to the sepals but shorter; the labellum is 8-9mm long, divided into front and back parts, with a pouch at the base; the front part of the labellum is nearly orbicular, about 5mm long and 8-9mm wide, undivided or 3-lobed, with 5-7 longitudinal folds on the upper surface and densely covered with papillae near the apex; the back part of the labellum is concave, without folds; the lateral lobes are triangular, more or less embracing the column; the spur distinctly extends beyond the lateral sepals, with a blunt apex; the pollinia are in 2 parts, with clefts, and powdery; the stigma is relatively large, and the ovary is elongated. It bears capsules. The flowering period is from April to May.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于西南及甘肃、江苏、浙江、安徽、湖北、湖南等地。
Distributed in the southwest, as well as Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山地林下阴湿处。
Born in the damp and shady areas under the mountain forests.