枸杞叶，中药名。为茄科枸杞属植物枸杞 Lycium chinense Mill.及宁夏枸杞L.barbarum L.的嫩茎叶。具有补虚益精，清热明目的功效。主治虚劳发热，烦渴，目赤昏痛障翳夜盲，崩漏带下，热毒疮肿。
Gou-qi-ye, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Goji Leaf), the tender stems and leaves of Lycium chinense Mill. and Lycium barbarum L. of the Solanaceae family. It has the effects of nourishing the deficiency and benefiting the essence, clearing heat, and improving vision. It is mainly used for treating fever due to deficiency, restlessness and thirst, red and painful eyes with dimness and obstruction, night blindness, excessive menstruation with leukorrhea, and swollen sores due to heat-toxin.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

补虚益精，清热明目。
Tonify deficiency and nourish essence, clear heat and brighten eyes.

主治 Indications

虚劳发热，烦渴，目赤昏痛障翳夜盲，崩漏带下，热毒疮肿。
Deficiency fever, restlessness, thirst, red and painful eyes with dim vision, night blindness, excessive menstruation with leukorrhea, and swollen sores due to heat toxins.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，鲜品60-240g；或煮食；或捣汁。外用：煎水洗；或捣汁滴眼。
Internal use: Decoction, 60-240g of fresh herbs; or cooking; or juicing. External use: Decoction for washing; or juice for eye drops.

禁忌 Contraindications

《药性论》：“与乳酪相恶。”
"Materia Medica": "Incompatible with cheese."

化学成分 Chemical Composition

宁夏枸杞：含四个环肽化合物：lyciumins A、B、C、D；3个二萜苷类：lyciumosides I、II、III。还含丙氨酸苷、单萜苷及甾醇苷，及甜菜碱。
Ningxia Goji berries contain four cyclic peptide compounds: lyciumins A, B, C, and D; three terpenoid glycosides: lyciumosides I, II, and III. They also contain proline glycosides, monoterpenes, steroidal glycosides, and betaine.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《药性论》：“能补益精诸不足，易颜色，变白，明目，安神。和羊肉作羹，益人，甚除风，明目。若渴，可煮汁饮，代茶饮之。发热诸毒烦闷，可单煮汁解之，能消热面毒。主患眼风障，赤膜昏痛，取叶捣汁注眼中。”

1. "Materia Medica": "It can nourish essence, improve complexion, whiten the skin, brighten the eyes, and calm the spirit. When cooked with lamb as a soup, it nourishes the body, greatly dispels wind, and brightens the eyes. If thirsty, the juice can be boiled and consumed instead of tea. For febrile diseases causing restlessness and discomfort, it can be boiled alone to resolve, effectively dispelling heat and toxins from the face. It is used for conditions such as eye wind obstruction, red membrane dimness and pain, by taking the leaves, pounding them into juice, and instilling the juice into the eyes."

2、《食疗本草》：“坚筋耐老，除风，补益筋骨，能益人，去虚劳。”
2. "Dietary Therapy Materia Medica": "Strengthens tendons, resists aging, dispels wind, nourishes tendons and bones, benefits the body, and eliminates fatigue."

3、《日华子》：“除烦益志，补五劳七伤，壮心气，去皮肤骨节间风，消热毒，散疮肿。”
3. "Rihuazi": "Relieves irritability, nourishes the will, supplements the five labors and seven injuries, invigorates the heart and qi, dispels wind between the skin, muscles, and bones, eliminates heat toxins, and disperses swellings and sores."

4、《纲目》：“去上焦心肺客热。”
4. "Outline": "Clears heat from the upper burner of the heart and lungs."

5、《生草药性备要》：“明目，益肾亏，安胎宽中，退热，治妇人崩漏下血。”
5. "Essential Characteristics of Medicinal Herbs": "Improves eyesight, nourishes deficient kidneys, calms the fetus, broadens the middle, reduces fever, and treats women's excessive menstruation and bleeding."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治五劳七伤，房事衰弱：枸杞叶半斤（切），粳米二合。上件以豉汁相和，煮作粥，以五味末葱白等，调和食之。（《圣惠方》枸杞粥方）

1. Treatment for weakness caused by overwork and sexual debility: 0.5 kg of goji leaves (chopped), 2 sheng of polished rice. Cook them into porridge with soybean juice, and season with five-spice powder, scallions, and garlic for consumption. (Prescription for Goji Porridge from "Sheng Hui Fang")

2、治阳气衰，腰脚疼痛，五劳七伤：枸杞叶一斤，羊肾对（细切），米三合，葱白十四茎。上四味细切，加五味煮粥，如常法，空腹食。（《圣济总录》枸杞羊肾粥）
2. Treatment for deficiency of yang energy, lower back and leg pain, and weakness caused by overwork: 1 kg of goji leaves, paired sheep kidneys (finely chopped), 3 sheng of rice, 14 stems of scallions and garlic. Finely chop the four ingredients, cook them into porridge with five-spice seasoning, and consume on an empty stomach following the usual method. (Prescription for Goji and Sheep Kidney Porridge from "Sheng Ji Zong Lu")

3、治急性结膜炎：枸杞叶60g，鸡蛋1只。稍加调味煮汤吃，每日1次。（广西《中草药新医疗法处方集》）
3. Treatment for acute conjunctivitis: 60g of goji leaves, 1 chicken egg. Cook with seasoning to make soup, and consume once daily. (Prescription from "Collection of New Medical Treatments Using Chinese Herbal Medicine in Guangxi")

4、治视力减退及夜盲：枸杞菜60g，柄猪草30g，夜明砂9g，猪肝120g。水煎服。（《陆川本草》）
4. Treatment for declining vision and night blindness: 60g of goji leaves, 30g of pigweed, 9g of night-blooming cereus, 120g of pig liver. Decoction for consumption. (From "Lu Chuan Materia Medica")

5、治痔疮炎肿：鲜枸杞茎叶一握。煎汤熏洗。（《福建民间草药》）
5. Treatment for inflamed hemorrhoids: A handful of fresh goji stems and leaves. Boil into a decoction for washing. (From "Fujian Folk Herbal Medicine")

6、治年少妇人白带：枸杞尖作菜，同鸡蛋炒食。（《滇南本草》）
6. Treatment for leukorrhea in young women: Stir-fry goji tips as a dish with eggs. (From "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：3-6月采摘，多鲜用。
Harvested from March to June, best used fresh.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：单叶或数片叶簇生于嫩枝上。叶片皱缩，展平后卵形或长椭圆形，长2-6cm，宽0.5-2.5cm，全缘。表面深绿色。质脆，易碎。气微，味苦。
The characteristics of the medicinal material: Single leaves or a few leaves clustered on young branches. The leaves are wrinkled and become ovate or elongated oval after being flattened, 2-6cm long, 0.5-2.5cm wide, with entire margins. The surface is deep green. The texture is brittle and fragile. It has a mild aroma and a bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：茄科植物枸杞或宁夏枸杞。
Plant species: Lycium barbarum or Lycium chinense, plants of the Solanaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

灌木或经栽培后而成大灌木，高1-3m。主茎数条，粗壮；小枝有纵棱纹，有不生叶的短棘刺和生叶花的长棘刺；果枝细长，通常先端下垂，外皮淡灰黄色，无毛。叶互生或数片簇生于短枝上；叶柄短；叶片披针形或长圆状披针形，长2-8cm，宽0.5-3cm，先端尖，基部楔形或狭楔形而下延成叶柄，全缘，上面深绿色，背面淡绿色，无毛。花腋生，常单1或2-6朵簇生在短枝上；花梗细；花萼钟状，先端2-3深裂，裂片宽卵状或卵状三角形；花冠漏斗状，先端5裂，裂片卵形粉红色或淡紫红色，具暗紫色脉纹，管内雄蕊着生处上方有一圈柔毛；雄蕊5；雌蕊1，子房长圆形，2室，花柱线形，柱头头状。浆果卵圆形、椭圆形或阔卵形，长8-20mm，直径5-10mm，红色或橘红色，果皮肉质。种子多数，近圆肾形而扁平，棕黄色。花期5-10月，果期6-11月。
Shrubs or large shrubs formed after cultivation, reaching a height of 1-3m. It has several main stems, which are thick and robust; the small branches have longitudinal ridges, short thorns without leaves, and long thorns with leaf flowers; the fruit branches are slender, usually drooping at the tip, with a pale gray-yellow skin and no hair. The leaves are opposite or clustered in a few pieces on short branches; the leaf stalk is short; the leaf blade is lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2-8cm long, 0.5-3cm wide, pointed at the tip, with a wedge-shaped or narrowly wedge-shaped base extending downward into a leaf stalk, with entire margins, dark green on the upper side, light green on the back, and hairless. Flowers are axillary, often solitary or clustered in 1 or 2-6 on short branches; flower stalks are slender; calyx is bell-shaped, with 2-3 deep lobes at the tip, lobes broadly ovate or ovate-triangular; corolla is funnel-shaped, with 5 lobes at the tip, lobes ovate pink or pale purplish-red, with dark purple veins, a ring of soft hairs above the stamens inside the tube; stamens are 5; pistil is 1, ovary is oblong, 2-celled, style is linear, with a head-shaped stigma. The berries are oval, elliptical, or broadly oval, 8-20mm long, 5-10mm in diameter, red or orange-red, with fleshy skin. Seeds are numerous, nearly round kidney-shaped and flattened, brownish-yellow. Flowering period is from May to October, and fruiting period is from June to November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于华北、西北等地。
Distributed in North China, Northwest China, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于沟岸及山坡或灌溉地埂和水渠边等处。野生和栽培均有。
It grows in ditches, on hillsides, or by irrigation dikes and water channels. It can be found in the wild as well as cultivated.

生长习性 Growth Habits

适应性强，耐寒，在-25.6℃下越冬无冻害。喜光照。对土壤要求不严，耐盐碱、耐肥、耐旱、怕水渍。以肥沃、排水良好的中性或微酸性轻壤土栽培为宜，盐碱土的含盐量不能超过0.2%，在强碱性、黏壤土水稻田、沼泽地区不宜栽培。
Strong adaptability, cold resistance, can overwinter without frost damage at -25.6°C. Prefers sunlight. Not strict on soil requirements, tolerant to saline-alkali, fertile, drought-resistant, and intolerant to waterlogging. It is suitable for cultivation in fertile, well-drained, neutral or slightly acidic loamy soil. The salt content of saline-alkali soil should not exceed 0.2%. It is not suitable for cultivation in strongly alkaline, clayey paddy fields, or marshy areas.

繁殖方式 Reproduction Methods

种子繁殖或扦插繁殖。
Seed propagation or cutting propagation.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

种子繁殖：选用优良品种，夏季采摘后，用30~60℃温水浸泡搓揉种子，洗净，晾干备用。在播种前用湿沙（1：3）拌匀，置20℃室温下催芽，待有30%种子露白时或用清水浸泡种子一昼夜，再行播种。春、夏、秋季均可播种，以春播为主。3月下旬至4月上旬，按行距40cm开沟条播，深1.5-3cm，覆土1-3cm，幼苗出土后，要根据土壤墒情，注意灌水。苗高1.5-3cm松土除草1次，以后每隔20-30d松土除草1次。苗高6-9cm时定苗，株距12-15cm，每1hm²留苗15万-18万株。结合灌水在5、6、7月追肥3次，为保证苗木生长，应及时去除幼株离地40cm部位生长的侧芽，苗高60cm时应行摘心，以加速主干和上部侧枝生长，当根粗0.7cm时，可出圃移栽。
Seed propagation: Select excellent varieties, pick them in summer, soak and rub the seeds in 30~60°C warm water, wash them, and dry them. Mix with wet sand (1:3) before sowing, place it in a room at 20°C to promote germination. When 30% of the seeds turn white or soak the seeds in water for a day and night, then sow them. Seeds can be sown in spring, summer, and autumn, with spring sowing as the main method. From late March to early April, sow in rows with a row spacing of 40cm, a depth of 1.5-3cm, and cover with 1-3cm of soil. After the seedlings emerge, water them according to the soil moisture, and loosen the soil and remove weeds once when the seedlings are 1.5-3cm tall, then loosen the soil and remove weeds every 20-30 days. When the seedlings are 6-9cm tall, thin them out with a spacing of 12-15cm, leaving 150,000–180,000 seedlings per hectare. Fertilize three times in May, June, and July, and remove the side shoots growing 40cm above the ground in a timely manner to ensure the growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings are 60cm tall, prune the tops to accelerate the growth of the main stem and upper lateral branches. When the roots are 0.7cm thick, they can be transplanted.

扦插繁殖：在优良母株上，采粗0.3cm以上的已木质化的一年生枝条，剪成18-20cm长的插穗，扎成小捆竖在盆中用100×10⁻⁶ a-萘乙酸浸泡2-3h，然后扦插，按株距6-10cm斜插在沟内，填土踏实。
Cutting propagation: On excellent mother plants, select one-year-old branches with a diameter of more than 0.3cm, cut them into 18-20cm long cuttings, bundle them and soak them in 100×10⁻⁶ α-naphthalene acetic acid for 2-3 hours, then insert them into the trench at a spacing of 6-10cm, and tamp the soil.

病虫防治 Disease and Pest Control

病害有枸杞黑果病（炭疽病），为害花蕾、花和青果，可合理密植，保持良好的通风透光性，及时排除田间积水，控制田间湿度，发病前用1:1:120波尔多液喷射，发病初期喷50%可湿性退菌特1000倍液，7-10天喷1次；根腐病，可用50%托布津1000-1500倍液或50%多菌灵1000-1500倍液浇注根部，或及时挖除病株，并在病穴施入石灰消毒，充分曝晒一夏后，补植健株。
Diseases include anthracnose (black fruit disease), which damages flower buds, flowers, and young fruits. To control this disease, plant densely while maintaining good ventilation and light transmission, promptly remove field water accumulation, control field humidity, spray Bordeaux mixture at a ratio of 1:1:120 before disease onset, and spray 50% thiophanate-methyl at 1000 times dilution every 7–10 days during early stages. For root rot disease, drench roots with 50% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazim at 1000–1500 times dilution, promptly remove diseased plants, disinfect planting holes with lime, expose them to sunlight over summer, and replant healthy plants.

虫害有枸杞实蝇，可在越冬成虫羽化时，在杞园地面撒50%西维因粉3kg/亩，摘除蛆果深埋、秋冬季灌水或翻土杀死土内越冬蛹；枸杞负泥虫，可在春季灌溉松土，破坏越冬场所杀死虫源，4月中旬于杞园地面撒5%西维因粉（1kg兑细土57kg），杀死越冬成虫，或用1.5%苦参素1200倍液喷雾防治；枸杞蛀果蛾，可于4月上、中旬第一代幼虫为害时，喷90%敌百虫800-1000倍液防治；枸杞蚜虫，用1.5%苦参素乳油或2%百草1号乳油1000-1200倍液，2.5%扑虱蚜可湿性粉剂3000-3500倍液喷雾；枸杞瘿螨，用0.9%爱福丁2000-3000倍液防治。
Pests include goji fruit flies, which can be controlled by spreading 3 kg/acre of 50% carbaryl powder on the ground when overwintering adults emerge, removing and burying infested fruits, and irrigating or tilling the soil in autumn and winter to kill overwintering pupae. Goji root maggots can be managed by spring irrigation and soil loosening to destroy overwintering sites, spreading 5% carbaryl powder (1 kg mixed with 57 kg fine soil) in mid-April to kill overwintering adults, or spraying 1.5% matrine at 1200 times dilution. Goji fruit borers can be controlled by spraying 800–1000 times dilution of 90% dichlorvos during first-generation larval damage in early to mid-April. For goji aphids, use 1.5% matrine emulsion or 2% Baicao No.1 emulsion at 1000–1200 times dilution, or 2.5% imidacloprid wettable powder at 3000–3500 times dilution. Goji gall mites can be controlled with 0.9% abamectin at 2000–3000 times dilution.