百蕊草，中药材名。为檀香科植物百蕊草Thesium chinense Turcz.或其变种长梗百蕊草hesium chinense Turcz.var.longipedunculatum Y.C.Chu的全草。具有清热，利湿，解毒的功效。主治风热感冒，中暑，肺痈，乳蛾，淋巴结结核，乳痛，疖肿，淋证，黄疽，腰痛，遗精。
Bai-rui-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole plant of Thesium chinense Turcz. or its variant Thesium chinense Turcz. var. longipedunculatum Y.C.Chu, which belongs to the Santalaceae family. It has the functions of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, and detoxification. It is mainly used for treating wind-heat type of common cold, heatstroke, lung abscess, mastitis, lymphadenitis, breast pain, carbuncle, gonorrhea, jaundice, lumbago, and spermatorrhea.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热，利湿，解毒。
Clearing heat, promoting diuresis, and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

风热感冒，中暑，肺痈，乳蛾，淋巴结结核，乳痛，疖肿，淋证，黄疸，腰痛，遗精。
Wind-heat common cold, heatstroke, lung abscess, mastitis, lymph node tuberculosis, mastalgia, furuncle, gonorrhea, jaundice, lower back pain, spermatorrhea.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-30g；研末或浸酒。外用：研末调敷。
Internal use: decoction, 9-30g; powdered or soaked in alcohol. External use: powdered for application.

化学成分 Chemical Components

全草含3,5,7,4′-四羟基黄酮-3-葡萄糖-鼠李糖苷，紫云英苷即3,5,7,4′-四羟基黄酮-3-葡萄糖苷，山柰酚等。还含琥珀酸，D-甘露醇。
The whole plant contains quercetin-3-glucoside-rhamnoside, hyperoside (quercetin-3-glucoside), kaempferol, etc. It also contains succinic acid and D-mannitol.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《国药提要》：治头疮及颈淋巴腺炎。

1. "Compendium of Traditional Chinese Medicine": Used to treat scalp sores and cervical lymphadenitis.

2、《贵州民间方药集》：治头昏体弱，腰痛，遗精，滑精。
2. "Collection of Folk Remedies in Guizhou": Used to treat dizziness, weakness, lower back pain, spermatorrhea, and premature ejaculation.

3、《陕西中草药》：清热，利湿，利胆，利尿。主治肝炎，黄疸。
3. "Herbal Medicine in Shaanxi": Clears heat, promotes diuresis, benefits the gallbladder, and treats jaundice and hepatitis.

4、《湖南药物志》：消肿止痛，行气活血，解毒。用于腹痛，气痛，血崩腹痛，颈淋巴腺炎，小儿疳积。
4. "Pharmacopoeia of Hunan Province": Reduces swelling and pain, promotes blood circulation, relieves gas, and detoxifies. Used for abdominal pain, gas pain, abdominal pain with bleeding, cervical lymphadenitis, and pediatric malnutrition.

5、《甘肃中草药手册》：补肝肾，祛风湿，消食，解毒。主治头晕，肾虚腰痛，风湿疼痛，消化不良，毒蛇咬伤。
5. "Handbook of Herbal Medicine in Gansu": Tonifies the liver and kidneys, dispels wind and dampness, aids digestion, and detoxifies. Mainly used for dizziness, kidney deficiency with lower back pain, rheumatic pain, indigestion, and snake bites.

6、《湖北中草药志》：解毒凉血，益肾补虚，安神，解暑。
6. "Herbal Medicine in Hubei": Detoxifies and cools the blood, tonifies the kidneys, calms the mind, and relieves summer heat.

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治疗各种急性炎症：取百蕊草全草（干品）煎服。春、夏采集者，每日15-30g；秋季采集者，每日60-90g（小儿酌减）。治疗各种急性炎症计30余种，200余例，有效率平均在90%左右。其中急性乳腺炎44例，痊愈31例，显效9例，好转2例，无效2例，平均疗程4天；大叶性肺炎40例，痊愈30例，显效2例，好转1例，无效7例，平均疗程12天，有效率82.5%。其它如化脓性心包炎、脑外伤感染、皮肤脓肿、支气管肺炎等，亦有良效。
Treatment of various acute inflammations: Take the whole herb of Bai Rui Cao (dried) and decoct for oral administration. For those collected in spring and summer, the daily dosage is 15-30g; for those collected in autumn, the daily dosage is 60-90g (reduce the dosage for children). It has been used to treat over 30 types of acute inflammations in more than 200 cases, with an average effective rate of around 90%. Among them, there were 44 cases of acute mastitis, with 31 cases cured, 9 cases significantly improved, 2 cases improved, and 2 cases ineffective, with an average treatment duration of 4 days; 40 cases of lobar pneumonia, with 30 cases cured, 2 cases significantly improved, 1 case improved, and 7 cases ineffective, with an average treatment duration of 12 days and an effective rate of 82.5%. It also shows good effects in other conditions such as purulent pericarditis, infection after brain trauma, skin abscess, bronchopneumonia, etc.

相关配伍 Relevant Compatibility

1、治感冒：百蕊草15-30g。开水泡当茶饮。

1. For treating common cold: 15-30g of Bai Rui Cao can be used. Steep in boiling water and drink as tea.

2、治大叶性肺炎，支气管肺炎，肺脓疡：百蕊草30-60g。开水泡，当茶饮，或煎服。（1、2方出自《安徽中草药》）
2. For treating lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, and lung abscess: 30-60g of Bai Rui Cao can be used. Steep in boiling water, drink as tea, or decoct for consumption. (Formulas 1 and 2 are from "Anhui Chinese Herbal Medicine")

3、治慢性气管炎：百蕊草60g，筋骨草45g。水煎，每日分3次服。（《浙南本草新编》）
3. For treating chronic bronchitis: 60g of Bai Rui Cao and 45g of Jin Gu Cao (Desmodium) can be used. Decoct in water and take three times a day. (From "Zhejiang Southern Herbal New Compilation")

4、治急性扁桃体炎，急性肾炎：百蕊草、鸭跖草、白茅根各30g。开水泡当茶饮。
4. For treating acute tonsillitis and acute nephritis: 30g each of Bai Rui Cao, Ya Zhi Cao (Duckweed), and Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae) can be used. Steep in boiling water and drink as tea.

5、治急性胆囊炎，肠炎：百蕊草、茵陈各30g。开水泡当茶饮。（4、5方出自《安徽中草药》）
5. For treating acute cholecystitis and enteritis: 30g each of Bai Rui Cao and Yin Chen (Artemisiae Scopariae) can be used. Steep in boiling water and drink as tea. (Formulas 4 and 5 are from "Anhui Chinese Herbal Medicine")

6、治毒蛇咬伤：鲜百蕊草、龙芽草各30g。水煎服。
6. For treating snake bites: 30g each of fresh Bai Rui Cao and Long Ya Cao (Euphorbia humifusa) can be used. Decoct in water and take orally.

7、治肾虚腰痛：百蕊草15g。用瘦猪肉120g煮汤，用肉汤煎药，去渣，兑黄酒服。
7. For treating kidney deficiency and lower back pain: 15g of Bai Rui Cao can be used. Cook with 120g of lean pork to make a soup, then decoct the herb in the soup, strain, and mix with yellow wine for consumption.

8、治头晕：百蕊草12-15g。水煎取汁，同鸡蛋2个煮服。（6-8方出自江西《草药手册》）
8. For treating dizziness: 12-15g of Bai Rui Cao can be used. Decoct in water, extract the juice, and cook with 2 eggs for consumption. (Formulas 6-8 are from the "Jiangxi Herbal Manual")

9、治跌挫内伤：百蕊草15g，隔汤煎汁，以白糖少许冲服；若不省人事，针刺人中或涌泉穴，同时灌服。（《浙南本草新编》）
9. For treating bruises and internal injuries: 15g of Bai Rui Cao can be used. Decoct in water, strain, add a little white sugar, and drink; if unconscious, acupuncture at Renzhong (GV26) or Yongquan (KI1) points, and administer orally. (From "Zhejiang Southern Herbal New Compilation")

10、治血崩腹痛：百蕊草6g，荔枝壳60g。水煎服。（《湖南药物志》）
10. For treating menorrhagia and abdominal pain: 6g of Bai Rui Cao and 60g of lychee peel can be used. Decoct in water and drink. (From "Hunan Pharmacopoeia")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：4-7月拔取全草，晒干。
Harvesting and processing: From April to July, the whole plant is harvested and dried in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：全草多分枝，长20-40cm。根圆锥形，直径1-4mm；表面棕黄色，有纵皱纹，具细支根。茎丛生，纤细，长12-30cm，暗黄绿色，具纵棱；质脆，易折断，断面中空。叶互生，线状披针形，长1-3cm，宽0.5-15mm，灰绿色。小花单生于叶腋，近无梗。坚果近球形，直径约2mm，表面灰黄色，有网状雕纹，有宿存叶状小苞片2枚。气微，味淡。以果多、色灰绿、无泥砂者为佳。
Characteristics of medicinal material: The whole plant has many branches, 20-40cm long. The root is conical, with a diameter of 1-4mm; the surface is brownish-yellow, longitudinally wrinkled, and with fine lateral roots. The stems are tufted, slender, 12-30cm long, dark yellowish-green, with longitudinal ridges; brittle in texture, easily broken, with a hollow cross-section. The leaves are alternate, linear-lanceolate, 1-3cm long, 0.5-15mm wide, and grayish-green. The small flowers are solitary in the leaf axils, nearly sessile. The nut is nearly spherical, about 2mm in diameter, with a grayish-yellow surface, reticulate carvings, and 2 persistent leaf-like bracts. It has a mild aroma and a bland taste. The preferred characteristics include abundant fruit, grayish-green color, and absence of mud or sand.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：檀香科植物百蕊草或其变种长梗百蕊草。
Plant species: The plant is Thesium chinense Turcz. or its variety Thesium longipes Maxim. (Family Santalaceae).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

1、百蕊草：多年生柔弱草本，高15-40cm。全株多少被白粉，无毛；茎细长，簇生，基部以上疏分枝，斜升，有纵沟。叶线形、长1.5-3.5cm，宽0.5-1.5mm，先端急尖或渐尖，具单脉。花单一，5数，腋生；花梗短或很短；苞片1枚，线状披针形；小苞片2枚，线形，边缘粗糙；花被绿白色，长2.5-3mm，花被管呈管状，花被裂片先端锐尖，内弯；雄蕊不外伸；子房无柄，花柱很短。坚果椭圆形或近球形，长或宽2-2.5mm，淡绿色，表面有明显、隆起的网脉，先端的宿存花被近球形；果柄长3.5mm。花期4-5月，果期6-8月。

1. Thesium chinense: Perennial delicate herb, 15-40cm tall. The entire plant is slightly covered with whitish bloom, glabrous; stems slender, tufted, sparsely branched above base, ascending obliquely, with longitudinal grooves. Leaves linear, 1.5-3.5cm long, 0.5-1.5mm wide, acute or gradually pointed at apex, with a single vein. Flowers solitary, pentamerous, axillary; pedicel short or very short; one bract, linear-lanceolate; two bracteoles, linear, margins rough; perianth greenish-white, 2.5-3mm long, tubular, lobes acute at tip, incurved; stamens not exserted; ovary sessile, style very short. Nut ellipsoid or nearly globose, 2-2.5mm long or wide, pale green, surface with prominent raised reticulate veins, persistent perianth at apex nearly globose; fruit stalk 3.5mm long. Flowering period April-May, fruiting period June-August.

2、长梗百蕊草：本变种的果柄长可达8mm，余与百蕊草相同。
2. Thesium longipes: The fruit stalk of this variety can reach up to 8mm in length; otherwise similar to T. chinense.

分布区域 Distribution Area

1、百蕊草：分布于东北、华北及陕西至长江以南大部分地区。

1. Thesium chinense: Distributed in most areas of Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, and south of the Yangtze River.

2、长梗百蕊草：分布于辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、山西、广东、四川等地。
2. Thesium longipes: Distributed in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

1、百蕊草：生于沙地草丛中或石坎边。

1. Thesium chinense: Grows in sandy grasslands or on rocky slopes.

2、长梗百蕊草：生于草坡。
2. Thesium longipes: Grows on grassy slopes.